關(guān)于艾滋病的英語(yǔ)介紹

演講人：日期：關(guān)于艾滋病的英語(yǔ)介紹AIDSDefinitionandOverviewCausesandTransmissionofHIV/AIDSSymptomsandStagesofHIV/AIDSDiagnosisandTestingforHIV/AIDSTreatmentOptionsforHIV/AIDSAdaptingtoLivingwithHIV/AIDS目錄01AIDSDefinitionandOverviewHIVtargetsanddestructionCD4Tlymphocytes,acriticalcomponentoftheimmunesystemAstheimmunesystemweakens,individualshavebecomevulnerabletovariableinfectionsandmalicesAIDSisalifethreateningconditioncausedbythehumanimmunodeficiencyvirus(HIV)WhatisAIDS

HistoryandDiscoveryofAIDSAIDSwasfirstrecognizedintheearly1980s,initiallyamongmenwhohavesexwithmenintheUnitedStatesThevirusthatcausesAIDS,HIV,wasidentifiedin1983byFrenchandAmericanresearchersSinceitsdiscovery,AIDShasbecomeaglobalpanelaffectingmillionsofpeopleworldwide輸入標(biāo)題02010403GlobalImpactandStatisticsAsof2021,anestimated38millionpeoplearelivingwithHIVgloballySignificantprogresshasbeenmadeinpreventingandtreatingHIV/AIDS,buttheepisodicremainsamajorglobalhealthchallengeHIV/AIDSisaleadingcauseofdeathworldwide,particularlyamongyoungadultsSubSaharanAfricaisthemostaffectedregion,accountingforovertwothingsofallHIVinfections02CausesandTransmissionofHIV/AIDSOvertime,HIVcanleadtoAcquiredImmunodeficiencySyndrome(AIDS),themostadvancedstageofHIVinfectionHIVstandsforHumanImmunodeficiencyVirus,whichattackstheimmunesystem,specificallyCD4cells(T-cells)Thevirusmultiplieswithinthesecellsandevendestroythem,weakeningthebody'sabilitytofitinfectionsanddiseasesHIVVirusandHowitWorksSexualcontactHIVcanbetransmittedthroughunprotectedsexualintercourse,includingvaginal,anal,andoralsexBloodcontactSharingneedsorsymmetriesfordruguse,bloodtransfers,andmothertochildtransmissionduringpregnancy,childbirth,orbreakfeedingcanspreadHIVOtherbodilyfluidsAlthoughlesscommon,HIVcanalsobetransmittedthroughcontactwithinfectedbodilyfluidssuchasSemen,VaginalSecrets,andBreastMilkModesofTransmissionEngaginginunprotectedsexualactivity,havingmultiplesexualpartners,injectingdrinkswithsharedneedsorsymmetries,andbeingborntoanHIVpositivemotherRiskfactorsAbstainingfromsexualactivity,usingconditionscorrectlyandconsistently,avoidingsharingneedsorsymmetries,andgettingtestedforHIVregulationAdditionally,pregnantwomenwithHIVshouldreceivepropermedicalcaretoreducetheriskoftransmissiontotheirbabiesPreventionmeasuresRiskFactorsandPreventionMeasures03SymptomsandStagesofHIV/AIDSFatigue,feiver,somethrust,andheadachearecommonFlulikesymbolsHIVcancauseavariationofskinconditions,includingrashesSkinrashesEnlargedlymphnodes,oftenpainless,mayoccurintheneck,armpits,orgroinSwollenlymphnodesNausea,invoicing,diarrhea,andweightlosscanoccurGastrointestinalissuesEarlyStageSymptoms123ThisstagecanlastformanyyearsandistypicallycharacterizedbythepresenceofsymptomsAsymptomaticperiodDescribethelakeofsymptoms,HIVcontinuestoreplicateanddamagetheimmunesystemduringthisstageProgressivediseaseThenumberofCD4T-cells,atypeofwhitebloodcellsthatplayakeyroleintheimmunesystem,graduallydeclinesCD4countdeclinesClinicalLatentStageCurrentinfectionsAstheimmunesystemweakens,individualsmayexperiencefrequentandmultipleinfectionsChronicsyndromesFatigue,weightloss,nightsweats,andpersistentdiarrheaarecommonOpportunisticinfectionsIndividualsareatincreasedriskforinfectionsthatdonottypicallyaffectpeoplewithhealthyimmunesystems,suchasPneumocystispneumoniaandtuberculosisSymptomaticStageandAIDSdefiningIllnessCancerriskTheriskofdevelopingcancertypesofcancer,suchasKaposi'ssarcomaandnonHodgkin'slymphoma,increasesSymptomaticStageandAIDSdefiningIllness04DiagnosisandTestingforHIV/AIDSAntibodyTestsThesearethemostcommonHIVtests,whichlookforantibioticsthattheimmunesystemproductsinresponsetoHIVAntigen/AntibodyCombinationTestsAlsoknownasfourthgenerationtests,theydetectbothHIVantibodiesandaspecificHIVprotein(p24antigen)thatappearssoafterinfectionNuclearAcidTests(NATs)Thesetestsdetecttheactualvirus(HIVRNAorDNA)inthebloodTheyarethemostexpensiveandnotroutinelyusedforinitialdiagnosisbutcanbeusedtoconfirmanearlyinfectionTypesofTestsAvailable010203AfterPotentialExposureIfyouthinkyoumayhavebeenexposedtoHIVthroughunprotectedsex,sharingneeds,orotherhighriskactivities,youshouldgettestedassoonaspossibleRegularTestingforHighRiskGroupsIfyouarelongtoagroupathigherriskforHIV(suchasmenwhohavesexwithmen,injectiondrugusers,orpeoplewithmultiplesexpartners),youshouldgettestedatleastonceayearPregnantWomenAllpregnantwomenshouldbetestedforHIVaspartofroutineprecareWhentoGetTestedConfidentialityLawsInmostcountries,therearelawsthatprotecttheconfidentialityofHIVtestresultsThismeansthatyourtestresultswillnotbesharedwithanyonewithoutyourconsentDisclosuretoPartnersIfyoutestpositiveforHIV,youmayhavealegaland/orethicalresponsibilitytodiscloseyourstatustoyoursexualpartnersThiscanhelpthemtotakenecessaryprecautionstoprotecttheirhealthWorkplaceandInsuranceDiscriminationDesiteconfidencelaws,theremaystillberisksofdiscriminationintheworkplaceorwithinsurancecompaniesifyourHIVstatusisknownItisimportanttobeawareoftheserisksandtoseeklegaladviceifnecessaryConfidentialityandDisclosureIssues05TreatmentOptionsforHIV/AIDSSuppressesHIVreplication01ARTinvolvestheuseofantiviraldrugstosuppressthereplicationofHIVinthebody,therereducingtheamountofvirusinthebloodCombinationofDrugs02ARTtypologicallyinvolvestheuseofacombinationofdifferentantiviraldrugs,knownasantiviraltherapy(ART)regimens,toeffectivelytreatHIVImproveImmuneFunction03BysuppressingHIVreplication,ARThelpstoimproveimmunefunctionandreducetheriskofopportunisticinfectionsAntiviralTherapy(ART)PreventingEffectsPeoplewithHIVareatincreasedriskofdevelopingopportunisticinfections(OIs),whichareinfectionsthatoccurmorefrequentlyoraremoresevereinpeoplewithweakenedimmunesystemsManagingOIsinvolvespreventing,diagnosing,andtreatingtheseinfectionsManagingOpportunisticEffectsTreatingCoexistingConditionsPeoplewithHIVmayalsohavecoexistingconditions,suchashepatitisortuberculosis,whichneedtobetreatedconcurrentlywithHIVProvidingSupportingCareSupportingcare,suchasnutritionalsupport,paymanagement,andpsychologicalcounseling,canhelppeoplewithHIVcoveragewiththephysicalandemotionaleffectsofthediseaseManagingOpportunisticEffectsIntegratedApproachesComprehensivetherapyforHIV/AIDSofteninvolvesintegratedapproachesthatcombineconventionalmedicaltreatmentswithcompleteandalternativetherapies(CAM)ComprehensiveTherapyComprehensivetherapies,suchasacquisition,mass,andyoga,canhelprelievesymptomsandimprovequalityoflifeforpeoplewithHIV/AIDSComprehensiveandAlternativeTherapyAlternativeTherapyAlternativetherapies,suchasglobalmedicineandhomeopathy,mayalsobeusedtotreatHIV/AIDS,althoughtheireffectivenesshasnotbeenfullyestablishedbyscientificresearchItisimportanttoconsultwithahealthcareproviderbeforeusinganyalternativetherapiesComprehensiveandAlternativeTherapy06AdaptingtoLivingwithHIV/AIDSInitialreactionstoanHIVdiagnosiscanincludefeelingsofShock,dental,andangelTheseemotionscanbeintensiveandoverwhelmingLivingwithHIVcanleadtofeelingsofanxietyanddepression,asindividualsfaceuncertaintyabouttheirfuturehealthandwellbeingManypeoplelivingwithHIVexperiencefearofstigmaanddiscriminationfromothers,whichcanleadtofeelingsofisolationandlonelinessFeelingsofShock,Dental,andAngelAnxietyandDepressionFearofStigmaandDiscriminationEmotionalandPsychologicalImpactSeekingProfessionalHelpIndividualslivingwithHIVcanbenefitfromseekingprofessionalhelpfrommentalhealthcounselorsortherapistswhocanprovidecoveringstrategiesandemotionalsupportJoiningSupportGroupsSupportgroupsprovideasafespaceforindividualslivingwithHIVtosharetheirexperiences,learnfromothers,andfindemotionalsupportPracticin