專題16 中國進入老齡化社會-備戰(zhàn)2023年中考英語閱讀理解時文爆點專題訓練（解析版）

專題16中國進入老齡化社會備戰(zhàn)2022-2023年中考英語閱讀理解時文爆點專題訓練A（2022·四川瀘州·統(tǒng)考二模）What’sitliketobe75?Irecentlytookpartinanexperiment—Ann,anexpertonageing（老齡化）,turnedmefromaboytoanoldman.Annstartedwithmyeyes.Sheaskedmetowearapairofglasseswhichonlyallowedmetoseethingsstraightaheadofme.Shethenaddedheavystraps（帶子）aroundmyarmsandlegs.Thiswastomakemebothweakerandslower.Wearingtwopairsofplasticgloveshelpedmetoexperiencethepoorsenseoftouchthatcomeswithage.Finally,shegavemeapairofthatmademeunabletohearveryclearly.Startingtofeelmynewage,wesetoutforashoppingcenter.Iwantedtobuyasweaterformy78-year-oldgrandfather.Itwasscarytostepout.Theglassesmadeeverythingseemsobright.Withmypoorhearing,theworldseemedunsafe.Icouldunderstandwhymanyoldpeopleprefertostayintheirhomes.Goingonpublictransportwasterrible.Iwaspushedbyyoungpeopleinahurry.Evenfindingtherightmoneyfortheticketwasaproblem.Ifeltquiteembarrassed.Whenwefinallyreachedtheshoppingcenter,Annguidedmetoashopsellingmen’sclothes.Itwasnoisy,andIchoseabrownsweater.“Canwestopforacupofcoffee?”IaskedAnn.SuddenlyIrealizedthatwaswhatmygrandfathersaidwheneverwewentshopping.Annagreed,andsittingdownhelpedmerelaxalittle.Itookoffmyglasses,myglovesandtookoutmyearplugs.ItalkedwithAnn.Shetoldmeshehaddonethisexperimentmanytimes.Shehopedtomakepeopleunderstandhowhardlifeisfortheold,andbemorepatientwiththem.Itwasameaningfulexperienceforme.1．Whatdoestheunderlineword“earplugs”inparagraph2probablymeaninChinese?A．耳環(huán) B．耳洞 C．耳塞 D．耳廓2．Thewriterwenttoashoppingcenterto________.A．havelunch B．seehisfriend C．buyasweater D．buysomecoffee3．Whydidthewriter’sgrandfatheralwaysasktostopforcoffeewhileshopping?A．Becausehehatedshopping. B．Becausehewantedtotakearest.C．Becausehefeltsleepyandthirsty. D．Becausehelovedcoffeeverymuch.4．Whichofthefollowingwordsmightthewriterusetodescribehisexperienceasanoldman?A．Difficult. B．Interesting. C．Relaxing. D．Unfair.5．Thewriterwrotethepassageto________.A．showhowboringlifeisfortheold B．introduceaninterestingexperimentC．a(chǎn)skreaderstocaremoreabouttheold D．encouragereaderstotrydifferentthings【答案】1．C

2．C

3．B

4．A

5．C【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。短文主要講述了作者體驗了一次老年人的生活，希望讓人們了解老年人的生活是多么艱難，并對他們更加耐心。1．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)下文“Finally,shegavemeapairofthatmademeunabletohearveryclearly.”可猜測出，Ann給了我一副讓我聽不清事物的東西。所以下劃線單詞“earplugs”的意思是：耳塞。故選C。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)下文“Iwantedtobuyasweaterformy78-year-oldgrandfather.”可知，作者去了一家購物中心想給78歲的祖父買毛衣。故選C。3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)下文“Annagreed,andsittingdownhelpedmerelaxalittle.”可知，作者要求買杯咖啡的原因是想坐下來放松一點。所以作者意識到，他的祖父購物時總是要求停下來喝咖啡也是因為他想休息一下。故選B。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Shehopedtomakepeopleunderstandhowhardlifeisfortheold…”可知，Ann做這個實驗是希望讓人們了解老年人的生活是多么艱難。由此可推斷，作者可以用“困難”來描述他作為一個老人的經(jīng)歷。故選A。5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Shehopedtomakepeopleunderstandhowhardlifeisfortheold,andbemorepatientwiththem.”可知，Ann做這個實驗是希望讓人們了解老年人的生活是多么艱難，并對他們更加耐心?？赏评沓?，作者寫這篇文章是為了讓讀者更多地關心老人。故選C。B（2022·遼寧阜新·二模）Areyoutheonlychildinyourfamily?Haveyouheardof“thetwo-childpolicy”?Everyoneknowstheone-childpolicy.Itisapopulationcontrolmethod.Chinesegovernmentaimedtocontroltheincreasingpopulationatthattime.ManyChinesecouplesunderstoodthatandfollowedthispolicyfornearly40years.Everyoneshouldberesponsibleforourcountry.However,astimegoesby,someproblemsappearinoursociety.Atpresent,theseproblemsaremainlyabout:Thenumberofworkerschangedfromabout960millionin2010to940millionin2012.Thenumberchangedto930millionin2014andwillpossiblyfallby29millionby2020.Chinaisnowgettingintoanaging(老齡化)society.Therewillbemoreoldpeopleinthefollowingyears.Butthesocietywillbeshortofdoctorsandnursestotakecareofthem.ThepopulationofChinawillbecomesmallerandsmalleriftheone-childpolicycontinues.It’sthebasicreasonthatleadstothetwoproblemsabove.That’swhyChinesegovernmentbeganthetwo-childpolicyonJanuary1st,2016.Itallowseachfamilytohavetwochildren.Thegovernmentexpectsitcanhelpsolvethosesocialproblemsgradually.Thispolicywillhelpofferenoughworkersinthefutureandpreventourcountryfromenteringtheagingsociety.Itisreportedthattherewillbearound2.5millionnewly-bornbabieseachyear.6．Fromthepassage,weknowthat____________________.A．ourgovernmentisfacing3mainproblemsB．theone-childpolicystartedonJanuary1st,2016C．ourworkingpopulationincreasedalotfrom2010to2014D．thetwo-childpolicywon’tworkatall7．Theunderlinedword“that”inParagraph2means________.A．thefamily B．theincreasingpopulationC．theone-childpolicy D．thetwo-childpolicy8．Thenumberofworkerswas____________in2014.A．960million B．940million C．29million D．930million9．Youmayreadthispassagein________partinamagazine.A．TravellingandTransportation B．SocietyandHistoryC．FoodandHealth D．ScienceandArt【答案】6．A

7．C

8．D

9．B【分析】本文主要內(nèi)容：過去，由于人口增長過快，中國實行計劃生育政策以控制人口數(shù)目。但是現(xiàn)在，中國面臨工人數(shù)目減少以及人口老齡化等嚴峻問題，因此，中國政府開始推行二胎政策。6．推理判斷題。A.ourgovernmentisfacing3mainproblems.我國政府正面臨著三大問題；B.theone-childpolicystartedonJanuary1st,2016.計劃生育政策從2016年1月1日開始推行；C.ourworkingpopulationincreasedalotfrom2010to2014.從2010年到2014年，我國的工人數(shù)增長了很多。D.thetwo-childpolicywon’tworkatall.二胎政策完全沒起作用。根據(jù)第二段ManyChinesecouplesunderstoodthatandfollowedthispolicyfornearly40years.可知，故B選項錯誤；根據(jù)Thenumberofworkerschangedfromabout960millionin2010to940millionin2012.Thenumberchangedto930millionin2014andwillpossiblyfallby29millionby2020.可知，工人數(shù)減少，故C選項錯誤；根據(jù)最后一段Thispolicywillhelpofferenoughworkersinthefutureandpreventourcountryfromenteringtheagingsociety.可知，二胎政策有作用，故D選項錯誤；根據(jù)第三段最后一句theseproblemsaremainlyabout：Thenumberofworkerschangedfromabout960millionin2010to940millionin2012.Chinaisnowgettingintoanaging(老齡化)society.ThepopulationofChinawillbecomesmallerandsmalleriftheone-childpolicycontinues.列出的三個問題可知，當前政府正面對三個主要的問題。故應選A。7．詞義猜測題。A.thefamily家庭；B.theincreasingpopulation人口增長；C.theone-childpolicy計劃生育政策；D.thetwo-childpolicy二胎政策。根據(jù)上下文：Everyoneknowstheone-childpolicy.Itisapopulationcontrolmethod.ManyChinesecouplesunderstoodthatandfollowedthispolicyfornearly40years.可知這一段是在介紹這個計劃生育政策，以及人們都了解它且遵守它，故此處“that”指的是theone-childpolicy，故應選C。8．細節(jié)理解題。A.960million9.6億美元；B.940million9.4億美元；C.29million2900萬美元；D.930million9.30億美元。根據(jù)第四段：Thenumberofworkerschangedfromabout960millionin2010to940millionin2012.Thenumberchangedto930millionin2014andwillpossiblyfallby29millionby2020.可知2014年對應的工人數(shù)是9.3億美元，故應選D。9．推理判斷題。A.TravellingandTransportation旅游與交通；B.SocietyandHistory社會與歷史；C.FoodandHealth食物與健康；D.ScienceandArt科學與藝術。根據(jù)全文理解，這篇文章主要講述了過去到現(xiàn)在我國面臨的人口問題以及實施的政策，歸屬于社會與歷史范疇，故應選B。C（2022春·吉林長春·九年級統(tǒng)考期末）Theseventhnationalpopulationcensus(人口普查)wasdoneinChinain2020.Sinceit’sonlydoneonceevery10years,itisimportantforhelpingthegovernmentmakepolicies(政策).Let’stakealookattheresearch.Annualgrowthrate(年增長率)World’slargestpopulation:Thepopulationonthemainlandisabout1.41billion.Thecountry’stotalpopulationhasbeengrowinggraduallyandwillstayabove1.4billionforsometime.Ages:Anaging(老齡化的)society:Thecountry’saverage(平均)ageis38.8yearsold.Nearly20%ofthepopulationareover60,whilethenumberofworking-agepeoplehasdroppedbyover40million.Thiswillcauseproblemssuchasbeingshortofworkers.Moreeducation:Nearly220millionpeoplehavecollegedegrees(學位).Chinahasmadegreateffortstodevelophighereducationinrecentyears,aswellasmakesureschool-agekidsgotoschool.根據(jù)短文和圖表內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。China’ssixthnationalpopulationcensusis________yearsearlierthanitsseventh.A．3 B．5 C．10 D．1511．Theannualpopulationgrowthratefrom2010to2020was________lowerthanthatfrom2000to2010.A．0.04% B．0.05% C．0.06% D．0.07%12．About________ofthepopulationarebetween15and59yearsold.A．18% B．20% C．50% D．65%13．Chinaisfacingtheproblemof________.Itmaycauseashortageofworkers.A．makingpolicies B．a(chǎn)nagingsocietyC．collegedegrees D．world’slargestpopulation14．Thesentence“________”DOESN’TshowthatChinesepeoplearegettingmoreeducation.A．School-agechildrengotoschoolB．Thecountry’saverageageis38.8C．HighereducationhasbeendevelopedinChinaD．Thereweremorepeoplewithcollegedegreesin2020thanin2010【答案】10．C

11．A

12．D

13．B

14．B【導語】本文主要講述了第七次全國人口普查的調(diào)查結果。10．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Sinceit’sonlydoneonceevery10years”可知，人口普查是每十年進行一次。故選C。11．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)餅狀圖可知，2010—2020的年人口增長率為0.53%，2000—2010的年人口增長率為0.57%，因此2010—2020的年人口增長率比2000—2010的年人口增長率低0.04%。故選A。12．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)條形圖中“Age：15—5963.5%”可知，大約有65%的人口在15—59歲之間。故選D。13．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Anaging(老齡化的)society:...Thiswillcauseproblemssuchasbeingshortofworkers.”可知，中國正面臨著老齡化社會的問題。故選B.14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Moreeducation:...Nearly220millionpeoplehavecollegedegrees(學位).Chinahasmadegreateffortstodevelophighereducationinrecentyears,aswellasmakesureschool-agekidsgotoschool.”及“Collegedegree...202015,467

20108,930”可推知，選項B“這個國家的平均年齡是38.8歲”不能表明中國人正受到更多的教育。故選B。D（2022·云南·統(tǒng)考模擬預測）OnMay31,2021,Chinaintroducedanewpolicy（政策）,allowingallfamiliestohaveuptothreechildren.Thethree-childpolicyisexpectedtofightthedropinthenation’sbirthrate（出生率）anddealwiththechallengeofarapidlyaging（老齡化的）population.ThenumberofnewbornsinChinahasfallenforfouryearsinarow（連續(xù)）.Thecountry’stotalfertilityrate（生育率）—theaveragenumberofchildrenborntoeachwoman—stoodat1.3in2020.Buttohaveastable（穩(wěn)定）population,thenumbershouldbe2.1.Ontheotherhand,theproportionoftheover-60populationrosefrom10.3percentto18.7percentoverthepast10years.Thismeanstherewillnotbeenoughyoungworkers.However,notallpeoplehaveshowntheirsupportforthisnewpolicy.Somecouplescomplainedabouttherisingcostsofraisingachild.AninternetusernamedQinfengsaid,“Thehighcostofeducationandboththephysicalandmentalexhaustionstoppedmefromhavingmorethanonechild.”Also,manywomenareunwillingtogivebirthbecausethatcouldmeanlosinggoodjobopportunities.Togivestrongersupporttofamilies,thegovernmentwillmakepoliciesintermsofmarriage,births,parentingandeducation,reportedChinaDaily.Thegovernmentwillalsoenhance（改善）tax（稅收）andhousingpolicies,andprotectthelegalrightsofwomeninjobmarkets.15．Accordingtothenewpolicy,________.A．theonlychildinafamilyneedssupportB．parentsshouldcaremoreabouttheirchildrenC．three-childfamiliesareverycommonD．Chinesefamiliescanhavethreechildren16．FromtheParagraph2,weknowthat________.A．thenumberofnewbornsinChinahasfallenforfiveyearsinarowB．thecountry’sfertilityratestoodat2.1in2020C．therewillnotbeenoughyoungworkersD．a(chǎn)llpeoplehaveshowntheirsupportforthisnewpolicy17．Theunderlinedword“unwilling”inParagraph3probablymeans“________”inChinese.A．熱衷于 B．不愿意 C．討厭 D．不擅長18．WhatstoppedQinfengfromhavingmorethanonechild?A．Thehighcostofeducation. B．Thephysicalandmentalexhaustion.C．Theriskoflosingjobs. D．BothAandB．19．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．Thethree-childpolicyinChina. B．ThebirthrateinChina.C．TheagingproblemsinChina. D．ThetaxproblemsinChina.【答案】15．D

16．C

17．B

18．D

19．A【導語】本文主要介紹了中國實施人口第三胎政策。15．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“OnMay31,2021,Chinaintroducedanewpolicy（政策）,allowingallfamiliestohaveuptothreechildren.”可知，中國已經(jīng)準許生3胎。故選D。16．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“theproportionoftheover-60populationrosefrom10.3percentto18.7percentoverthepast10years.Thismeanstherewillnotbeenoughyoungworkers.”可知，未來將沒有足夠的年輕勞動力。故選C。17．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“manywomenareunwillingtogivebirthbecausethatcouldmeanlosinggoodjobopportunities.”可知，很多婦女不愿意生孩子是因為生孩子就意味著失去好工作的機會。因此“unwilling”的意思是“不愿意”。故選B。18．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thehighcostofeducationandboththephysicalandmentalexhaustionstoppedmefromhavingmorethanonechild.”可知，高昂的教育成本以及身心疲憊使她無法生育一個以上的孩子。故選D。19．主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了中國實施人口第三胎政策。因此A選項符合題意。故選A。E（2022·吉林長春·?？寄M預測）Asthepopulationinourcountryages（老齡化）rapidly,wefacegreatchallenges.Thegoodnewsisthattherearemanyinventionstosupporttheelderly.Smartwatermeter（水表）CommunityworkersonJiangsuStreetinShanghaihavefixedsmartwatermetersatthehomesofelderlypeoplelivingalone.Thewatermeterwillsendanalarm（警報）tocommunityworkersiflessthan0.01m333333333ofwaterisusedin12hours.Thatallowscommunityworkerstorushtocheckthesituationofelderlypeople.One—clickservice（一鍵式服務）telephoneInBeijing’sTongzhouDistrict,communityworkershavefixedone—clickservicetelephonesfortheelderly.Withjustaclickonthephone,elderlypeoplecancallforhelpinanemergency（緊急情況）.RenXiuzhen,an80—year—oldwoman,saidherhusbandisinpoorhealth.Withtheone—clickservicetelephone,shecancall120veryquicklyifsheorherhusbandisinneed.SmartwatchFor61—year—oldShaRuifang,asmartwatchhelpsalot.Itallowshertogooutwithoutworryingtoomuchaboutanunexpectedsituation.Shasaidonceshewasoutwithherfamilywhenshesuddenlyreceivedacallfromthesmartelderlycarecontrolcenter.Theysaidtheyhaddiscoveredanunusualheartbeat（心跳）throughthewatchandaskedherifshefeltunwell.Aftergoingtothehospital,Shawastoldthattherewasaproblemwithherheart.Andastheproblemwasdiscoveredearly,sheonlyneededtotakesomemedicine.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，判斷句子正（T）、誤（F）。20．Thesmartwatermeterwillsendanalarmifitdoesn’tworkwell.21．RenXiuzhenthinkstheone—clickservicetelephoneisveryconvenient.22．ShaRuifanglosthersmartwatchwhenshewasoutwithherfamily.23．Thesmartwatchisusefulforoldpeoplewithhealthproblems.24．Thepassagemainlytalksaboutsomeusefulinventionsforoldpeople.【答案】20．F

21．T

22．F

23．T

24．T【導語】本文主要講了一些對老年人有用的發(fā)明。20．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thewatermeterwillsendanalarm（警報）tocommunityworkersiflessthan0.01m333333333ofwaterisusedin12hours.Thatallowscommunityworkerstorushtocheckthesituationofelderlypeople.”可知，如果12小時用水量很少，智能水表會發(fā)出警報，而不是工作不好；故答案為F。21．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“RenXiuzhen,an80—year—oldwoman,saidherhusbandisinpoorhealth.Withtheone—clickservicetelephone,shecancall120veryquicklyifsheorherhusbandisinneed.”可知，任秀珍使用一鍵式服務電話，如果她或她的丈夫有需要，她可以很快撥打120。因此這個手表對任秀珍來說是非常方便的；故答案為T。22．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Shasaidonceshewasoutwithherfamilywhenshesuddenlyreceivedacallfromthesmartelderlycarecontrolcenter.”可知，沙瑞芳和家人外出時收到了電話，而不是丟了她的智能手表是錯誤的；故答案為F。23．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Shasaidonceshewasout...takesomemedicine.”可知，智能手表對有健康問題的老年人很有用；故答案為T。24．主旨大意題。根據(jù)“Asthepopulationinourcountryages（老齡化）rapidly,wefacegreatchallenges.Thegoodnewsisthattherearemanyinventionstosupporttheelderly.”可知，隨著我國人口迅速老齡化，我們面臨巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。好消息是，現(xiàn)在有很多發(fā)明來幫助老人，因此這篇文章主要講了一些對老年人有用的發(fā)明；故答案為T。F（2022·四川成都·四川省成都市第三中學?？级＃└鶕?jù)短文內(nèi)容判斷句子正誤。正確的涂“A”，錯誤的涂“B”。WorldpopulationManypeoplemayhavethoughtthattheworldpopulationwilljustkeeprising,haven’tthey?ButthefindingsfromthelateststudyinaDecembermagazinemayseemsurprising.Itpredictsthattheworldpopulationwillgodowninthenextcentury.AccordingtoSteinEmilVollset,aleadingexpertofthenewstudy,iftherecentresultofthesurveyiscorrect,itwillbethefirsttimeforustoseeanunexpecteddropinglobalpopulation,drivenbylowbirthrates.Becauseoflowbirthratesandagingpopulations(人口老齡化),thenumberofpeopleinsomecountr