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初中語法全面復(fù)習(xí)策略?義教課標(biāo)2022版?的語言知識(shí)增加了語篇知識(shí)和語用知識(shí)兩個(gè)項(xiàng)目。語法屬于結(jié)構(gòu)性知識(shí),語篇和語用知識(shí)屬于語言應(yīng)用性知識(shí)。學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)語言知識(shí)的目的是發(fā)展語言的運(yùn)用能力,即在特定語境中,基于語篇特點(diǎn),準(zhǔn)確理解他人話語中語法等語言知識(shí)所傳遞的意義,以及得體表達(dá)自己的意義。語法知識(shí)內(nèi)容要求(2022版)初步意識(shí)到語言使用中的語法知識(shí)是“形式—意義—使用”的統(tǒng)一體,明確學(xué)習(xí)語法的目的是在語境中運(yùn)用語法知識(shí)理解和表達(dá)意義。了解句子的結(jié)構(gòu)特征,如句子的種類、成分、語序及主謂一致。在口語和書面語篇中理解體會(huì)所學(xué)語法的形式和表意功能。在語境中運(yùn)用所學(xué)語法知識(shí)進(jìn)行描述、敘述和說明等。語法在8個(gè)模塊中的分配M1:名詞、冠詞、數(shù)詞M2:代詞、介詞與介詞短語M3:形容詞與副詞M4:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞M5:時(shí)態(tài)M6:被動(dòng)語態(tài)M7:不定式M8:狀語從句、賓語從句和定語從句(主從復(fù)合句)句子的靈魂:動(dòng)詞Grammar復(fù)習(xí)名詞、冠詞和數(shù)詞的用法Grammar復(fù)習(xí)名詞、冠詞和數(shù)詞的用法—Let’sreview!
名詞
可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞名詞所有格名詞的句法功能1.規(guī)則變化2.不規(guī)則變化主語2.賓語3.賓語補(bǔ)足語4.表語可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成如下:1)通常在名詞末尾加-s。2)名詞詞尾是s,x,ch或sh的加-es。3)名詞詞尾是f或fe的多數(shù)將f或fe變?yōu)関,再加-es。4)名詞詞尾是輔音字母加y的,變y為i,再加-es。5)名詞詞尾是o的,有生命的,加-es;無生命的,加-s。有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的:1)改名詞內(nèi)部元音字母或名詞詞尾。foot-feet,man-men2)復(fù)數(shù)形式與單數(shù)形式相同。sheep-sheep,deer-deer3)有些名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式
people,troublesbus→baby→dictionary→dish→tomato→party→church→day→monkey→box→boy→shelf→potato→knife→wife→busesbabiesdictionariesdishestomatoespartieschurchesdaysmonkeysboxesboysshelvespotatoeskniveswivesthisman→these____onefoot→two______thatsheep→those_____awoman→some_______atooth→allmy_______afish→alotof_____achild→many_______amouse→some______men___feetsheepwomenteethfish
childrenmiceExercise:M1朋友對(duì)于我們來說非常重要,我們需要朋友來分享我們不同的感受。當(dāng)你遇到困難時(shí),你的朋友們會(huì)幫助你。Friendsareveryimportanttous.Weneedfriendstoshareourdifferentfeelings.Whenyoumeetsomedifficulties,yourfriendswillhelpyouout.北京是世界上最大的城市之一,它具有悠久的歷史和豐富的文化,并且有許多著名的景點(diǎn)。Beijingisoneofthelargestcitiesintheworldwithalonghistoryandcolorfulculturesandmanyfamoustouristattractions.名詞所有格-’s所有格of所有格雙重所有格1.表示人和動(dòng)物的真正所有只可用’s2.表示時(shí)間的詞語,可以加’s或s’。3.表示地點(diǎn)、國家、政府、組織等名詞的所有格可以使用’s,也可以使用“of”結(jié)構(gòu)。4.人格化的名詞用’s其他無生命的名詞用“of”結(jié)構(gòu)。of+-’s所有格of+名詞性物主代詞單數(shù)名詞直接加“’s”2.復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾只加’3.不以或結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,仍加’sExercise:1.他妹妹的外套:2.學(xué)生們的書:3.今天的報(bào)紙?jiān)谀愕淖雷由稀?.我們將在學(xué)校門口見面。5.我妹妹的一個(gè)好朋友喜歡旅游。1.hissister’scoat2.students’books3.Today’snewspaperisonyourtable.4.Wewillmeetatthegateoftheschool.5.Agoodfriendofmysister’slikestravelling.M1
冠詞冠詞分為不定冠詞a/an和定冠詞the。不定冠詞一般只用于可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),表示泛指。定冠詞用于特指,一般來講,可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞都能用定冠詞修飾。不定冠詞的基本用法定冠詞的基本用法不定冠詞的基本用法例句1)表示數(shù)量“一”或“任意一個(gè)(類)”LindawillgotoBeijingina
month.2)第一次提到“某一個(gè)”,并不特指具體的人或事物Atthattimeshewasworkinginaschool.3)說明名詞所代表的東西的類別Computer,ausefulmachine,helpsusalot.4)可用個(gè)體來概括整體特征Anelephantisstrongerthan
ahorse.5)在表示價(jià)格、速度、頻率等名詞前表示“每(個(gè))”Beibeigoestothelibraryonceaweek.6)某些習(xí)慣用法goforalongwalk
定冠詞的基本用法例句1)給予某個(gè)名詞明確的、限定的、特指的意義。前面已提及談話雙方都知道帶某些限定性成分,將普通意義加以明確、限定YesterdayIboughtabook.Thebookisveryinteresting.Passmethepaper,please.Thetwinsareinthesameclass.2)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前加the代表一類人或事物Thetraingoesfasterthanthebus.3)形容詞、數(shù)詞、分詞等之前加the代表一類人或事物Weallthinktherichshouldhelpthepoor.4)表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的東西的名詞前要加定冠詞TheEarthgoesaroundtheSun.5)“演奏……樂器”要用
playthe…Lisaplaysthepianowell.6)形容詞、副詞的最高級(jí)形式前TheNileisthelongestriverintheworld.
7)在姓的復(fù)數(shù)形式前加the,表示一家人或夫婦兩人。theGreens,theSmiths8)某些固定搭配bytheway,attheendof
Lastyearduringsummer,Tonytookaflighton(1)___smallairplane.(2)____peopleon(3)____airplanewerefromBeijing.Theyweregoingtovisittheirrelativesin(4)____northofChina,for(5)____SpringFestival.
Tonycouldseelakes,citiesandmountains.(6)____flighttook(7)___hour.Afterwards(后來),Tonytook(8)___photoof(9)____airplane.Eventhoughitwasonly(14)___shortflight,Tonysaysitwasoneof(15)____mostinterestingtripshehaseverhad.aThe
thethethethetheCompletethepassagewitha,anorthewherenecessary.anaatheM1
數(shù)詞
基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞數(shù)詞的用法1.用于名詞前:threestudents2.表示年齡:Tonyissixyearsold.3.表示時(shí)間:It’sseveno’clock.4.表示金錢:ItcostsmeRMB100.5.表示距離:Werode20milesbeforewegottothepark.6.表示度量:Heis150pounds.Thebridgeis120meterslong.★hundred,thousand,milliontwo(several)hundred/thousand/millionhundredsof/thousandsof/millionsof1.許多序數(shù)詞是由相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞后加詞尾-th構(gòu)成的,如four/fourth,six/sixth,ten/tenth,sixteen/sixteenth,2.twentieth,thirtieth,fortieth
等表示整十的序數(shù)詞,由相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞將詞尾y改為ie,再加-th構(gòu)成。3.first,second,third通??煽s寫為1st,2nd,3rd。凡是以th結(jié)尾的序數(shù)詞可縮寫為“基數(shù)詞+th”:4th,60th,128th等。4.非整十的多位數(shù),將個(gè)位數(shù)變成序數(shù)詞即可:twenty-first(第21),threehundredandsixty-fifth(第365)。5.序數(shù)詞前通常要用定冠詞,Myroomisonthesecondfloorandhisonthethird.注:有時(shí)序數(shù)詞前不用定冠詞,而用不定冠詞,表示次第在原有基礎(chǔ)上的增加。如:We’llhavetodoitasecondtime.序數(shù)詞的用法:分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)1.分?jǐn)?shù)。分?jǐn)?shù)由基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞構(gòu)成:分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞,當(dāng)分子超過“1”時(shí),分母用復(fù)數(shù)。如:twothirds=2/3threefifths=3/52.百分?jǐn)?shù)。百分?jǐn)?shù)由基數(shù)詞和百分號(hào)(%)組成,百分號(hào)(%)讀作percent。如:thirtypercent:30%75percent=75%①Doyouknowthatover1/3ofallfoodproducedintheworldgoestowaste?AccordingtotheUnitedNations(UN),everyyeararoundtheworld,aboutonebillion(十億)tonsoffood
iswasted.Atthesametime,therearenearlyonebillionpeoplewhogohungry.Simply1/4ofthefoodwastedisenoughtokeepthemoutofhunger.Inaddition,thewastedfoodproducesoverthreebilliontonsofcarbondioxide(CO2),whichspeedsupclimate(氣候)change.Whatcanwedotosolvethisfoodwasteproblem?(2023中考C篇)1/4:25percent=25%
Grammar復(fù)習(xí)代詞、介詞用法Grammar
—代詞代詞的種類人稱代詞指示代詞物主代詞反身代詞疑問代詞不定代詞主格代詞賓格代詞形容詞性代詞名詞性代詞
數(shù)格人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)IIIIIIIIIIII主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey賓格meyouhimheritusyouthem人稱代詞1.主、賓格的區(qū)分:人稱代詞可在句中作主語、賓語和表語。作主語時(shí),人稱代詞用主格形式,作賓語和表語時(shí)一般用賓格形式。2.it的用法:it除用來代替上文中出現(xiàn)的名詞以外,還可以用來表示時(shí)間、天氣、距離和重量等。指示代詞指示代詞在句中可作:1)主語These
areourchildren.2)賓語或介詞賓語Tomgavemethis.3)偶爾用作表語WhatIwanttostressisthis.
指示代詞有下面四個(gè):
thisthatthesethose物主代詞
詞義類型我的你的他(她,它)的我們的你們的他們的形容詞性物主代詞myyourhis,her,itsouryourtheir名詞性物主代詞mineyourshis,hers,itsoursyourstheirs
形容詞性物主代詞在句中主要用作定語,而名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”,其作用與名詞相同,可在句中作主語,賓語和表語。反身代詞反身代詞主要有下面這些:單數(shù)myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself復(fù)數(shù)ourselvesyourselvesthemselves1.反身代詞常在句中作賓語和同位語。
Letmeintroducemyself.(賓語)Maryherselfopenedthedoor.(同位語)2.反身代詞也可作介詞賓語。
Takegoodcareofyourself.
疑問代詞疑問代詞有下面這些:whowhomwhosewhatwhich1.who在句中多用作主語或表語。2.whom在句中用作賓語或介詞的賓語。3.whose表示“誰的”,可用作定語、主語、表語及賓語。4.what和which都可在句中用作主語、賓語或介詞的賓語以及定語。what還可用作表語。
some&any1.不定代詞some
和any
可以代替名詞和形容詞,可在句中作主語、賓語、定語等。
some常用在肯定句中;any常用在否定句或疑問句中。作定語時(shí),some
可修飾可數(shù)名詞(單、復(fù)數(shù)皆可)和不可數(shù)名詞;any可修飾可數(shù)名詞(多為復(fù)數(shù))和不可數(shù)名詞。2.不定代詞any有時(shí)也可以用在肯定句中,表示“任何的”。常用的不定代詞all&both相同點(diǎn):
1.兩個(gè)詞都可以指代人和物2.兩個(gè)詞都具有名詞性質(zhì)和形容詞性質(zhì)3.兩個(gè)詞在句子中都可以充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語和同位語4.兩個(gè)詞都可以與
of連用不同點(diǎn):
both只能指可數(shù)名詞,表示兩者。all既可指可數(shù)名詞,又可指不可數(shù)名詞。在指不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),表示三者或三者以上。every&each相同點(diǎn):
1.兩個(gè)詞都具有形容詞性質(zhì),都可以用作定語,表示“每一個(gè)”。2.兩個(gè)詞作主語的定語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞都用單數(shù)。異同點(diǎn):each除了具有形容詞性質(zhì)之外,還具有名詞性質(zhì),every沒有名詞性質(zhì),因此each可以與
of搭配,而every不能。如:eachofthechildren(√)everyofthechildren(×)2.each強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體,而every強(qiáng)調(diào)整體。both,either&neither相同點(diǎn):1.三個(gè)詞都表示兩者2.三個(gè)詞在句中都可以做主語、賓語和定語不同點(diǎn):1.三個(gè)詞的含義不同:
both表示“兩者都……”;
either表示“兩者中隨便哪個(gè)都……”;
neither表示“兩者中哪個(gè)都不……”。2.三個(gè)詞各自構(gòu)成不同的固定短語:
both…and…表示“兩者都……”
either…or…表示“要么……要么……”neither…nor…表示“既不……也不……”BothBeijingandShanghaiarebigcities.Eitherthisknifeorthatonewilldo.Theweatherhereisneithertoohotnortoocold.3.both…and…結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);either…or…與
neither…nor…結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由離其最近的名詞決定。EitherthatwatchorthesewatchesaremadeinHongKong.
Neithermyparentsnormysisterlikesswimming.修飾可數(shù)名詞修飾不可數(shù)名詞表示否定含義fewlittle表示肯定含義afewalittlelittle,alittle&few,afew1.a(little)用于不可數(shù)名詞,a(few)用于可數(shù)名詞。2.alittle和afew表示肯定的概念,而little和
few表示否定的概念。如下表:
1.(2023北京1題)Mysisterenjoyssingingand_____favoritesubjectismusic.A.hisB.herC.yourD.their2.(2022北京1題)Mysisterisonlysix,but______canalreadyhelpwithsomehousework.A.heB.sheC.itD.they3.(2021北京1題)Mary'sbirthdayiscoming.We'vedecidedtomakeacakefor_____.A.himB.herC.youD.them實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練:M2BBB4.(2020北京1題)Mr.Jacksonisapopularwriter,andwealllikereading_____books.A.hisB.herC.theirD.your5.(2019北京1題)Mr.Wangiscomingtoourschool.Ican'twaittosee_____.A.herB.himC.itD.them6.(2018北京1題)MybrotherandIlikefootball._____playittogetheronceaweek.A.IB.TheyC.WeD.You實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練:ABCPracticemakesperfect.請(qǐng)同學(xué)們寫一篇關(guān)于你的家庭成員的小短文,內(nèi)容至少要包括家庭成員的職業(yè),愛好。短文不少于5句話。提示詞語:amanager,company,hospital,drawingM2Therearethreepeopleinmyfamily,myfather,mymotherandI.
Myfatherworksinabigcompany.Heisamanager,andheisverybusy.Inordertokeephealthy,heoftenrunsalongtheriver.Hishobbyisdoingsports.
Mymotherisadoctor.sheworksinahospital.Shelikesgoingshoppingwithherfriends,becauseshewantstomakeherselfhappyandrelaxed.Shethinksit’sagoodway.
I’mastudent,andIlikereadinganddrawing.I’minbadhealth,somymotheralwaysasksmetodrinkalotofwaterintheschool.
Ihaveawarmfamily,andweloveeachother.請(qǐng)找出下面文章的介詞:Sportschangewiththeseasons.Peopleplaydifferentgamesindifferentseasons.Sometimestheyplayinsidetheroom.Sometimestheyplayoutside.withininsideoutside.
Grammar—介詞
一、表示時(shí)間的介詞
時(shí)間“三姐妹”:
at,in,onE.g.
in2024,intheafternoon,in
summer,inMay,inthe1930sonSunday,onMondaymorning,onawarm
morning,onthemorningofJune1stat7:00pm.at
noon2.時(shí)間的前后:after,beforeafter+時(shí)間點(diǎn),常與將來時(shí)連用;after+時(shí)間段,常與過去時(shí)連用Don’tsaythatbeforeyoulookatthepicture.Afterfourdays,shecametoadeepriver.3.時(shí)間的期限:by,untilBy
thetimeIarrived,shehadalreadygone.Iwon’tbefreeuntil
Saturdayafternoon.4.時(shí)間的期間:
for,during5.時(shí)間的起點(diǎn):
since,fromFlorenceoftenworkedfortwenty-fourhourswithoutrest.Duringthelifetimeofoneman,itoftenhappensalotofthings.IsawJuliainAprilandIhaven’tseenhersincethen.Marybeganpaintingfrom6yearsold.二、地點(diǎn)和方位的介詞1.
里面上面in和on;over,under上下方;at在某一地點(diǎn)上。2.infrontof前,behind后,inthemiddleof在中央。3.between兩者,among
三者,around表示在四方。4.
來自from,朝向to,從中穿過through,表面跨過用across,沿著……走用along。5.
到上面onto,進(jìn)里面into,在旁邊用beside,在附近用near(by)。二、地點(diǎn)和方位的介詞1.作后置定語,放在被修辭詞的后面Doyouknowthegirl
inaredskirt?2.作表語Iwasathomelastnight.Heis
fromtheUSA.IhopeIcanliveinahouse
withagarden.
介詞短語及其作用介詞短語指由介詞+名詞構(gòu)成的短語,如inthepark,bycar,onSunday等。介詞短語在句中可以作定語、表語和狀語。3.作狀語Whatdidyoudointhesummerholiday?Ifoundabigdogstandingatthegate.Iwastakingashowat10:00p.m..遷移運(yùn)用:根據(jù)莉薩下周的按日程安排,完成下列句子。Lisawritesherplan__________________________.1.Lisaisgoingtothecinema___________________.2.ShehastophoneChris______________________.3.Sheisn’tdoinganythingspecial_______________.4.she’sgotadrivinglesson____________________.5.she’sgoingtoaparty________________________.6.she’smeetingSam__________________________.onFridayon
Mondayat4o’clockonThursdayonSaturdayeveningat2:30onTuesdayafternoononWednesdayeveninginthemorning8:45am小結(jié):in年in月in季節(jié)上午、下午和晚上on加具體某一天和那天的早中晚at要加時(shí)間點(diǎn)正午夜里和黎明
。遷移運(yùn)用:根據(jù)下列圖片,用介詞in/at/on回答問題。1Whereishe?2Wherearetheshoes?3Whereisthepen?4Whereistheclock?5Whereisthebus?6Wherearethehorses?7Wherearetheystanding?1Inthekitchen.2Inthebox.3Onthebox.4Onthewall.5Atthebusstop.6Inthefield.7Atthewindow.8Inthepool.thewindow)小結(jié):里面上面in和on;at在某一地點(diǎn)上。in+大地點(diǎn);at+小地點(diǎn);on+平面.1.(2023北京2題)It'sagoodideatovisitBeijing____October.A.atB.onC.inD.to2.(2022北京2題)Wehaveahistoryclass_____threeo'clockeveryFridayafternoon.
A.atB.onC.inD.to3.(2021北京2題)SpaceDayofChinafalls____April24theveryyear.
A.onB.byC.atD.in實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練:CAA4.(2020北京2題)UsuallyImakebreakfastformyfamily_____Saturdays.
A.atB.inC.onD.to5.(2019北京2題)Weplantedsomeflowers____thegardenyesterday.
A.onB.toC.inD.Of6.(2018北京2題)Happybirthday,Peter!Here'sagift______you.
A.forB.inC.withD.from實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練:CCAGrammar復(fù)習(xí)形容詞、副詞用法Grammar:
形容詞與副詞
形容詞和副詞的句法作用1.形容詞形容詞一般放在名詞之前作定語,或放在系動(dòng)詞之后作表語,或作賓語補(bǔ)足語。形容詞作定語,一般都是放在名詞之前,但若修飾不定代詞something,anything等則后置。
Wemustkeepourclassroomclean.(賓補(bǔ))
Theywerekind
andnice.(表語)
Canyouseetheoldtreethere?(定語)
Isthereanythingfunnyinthepapertoday?2.副詞:
副詞一般作狀語,修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞以及全句,表示程度、方式等。注:副詞作狀語修飾動(dòng)詞,一般是后置,修飾形容詞或副詞要前置。MrWangworkshardinschool.LilycanspeakChineseverywell.頻度副詞:一般位于行為動(dòng)詞之前,系動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞之后。常見的有always,often,sometimes,usually,seldom,never。程度副詞:常置于形容詞或副詞之前。常見的有very,much,quite,pretty,so等。
形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)1.常用的比較級(jí)的句型:A+動(dòng)詞+比較級(jí)+than+B.
瑪麗比貝蒂年輕。今天早晨他比我起得早。
MaryisyoungerthanBetty.HegotupearlierthanIdidthismorning.3)The+比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí),
表示“越……,越……”。你學(xué)的越多,知道的越多。測(cè)試題越難,我們的得分越少。4)比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí),表示“越來越……”。計(jì)算機(jī)越來越便宜。他學(xué)習(xí)越來越努力。Themoreyoustudy,themoreyouknow.Theharderthetestis,thelowermarksweget.Thecomputerischeaperandcheaper.Hestudiesharderandharder.2.同級(jí)比較:
同級(jí)比較肯定句型:as…as…
否定句型:notso/as…as…Heisastallashisbrother.HerunsasfastasJim.Ican’tgetupsoearlyasyou.3.常用的最高級(jí)句型:
the+最高級(jí)+of/in…Sheisthetallestgirlsinourclass.Thisnovelisthemostinterestingofthethree.2)選擇疑問句Whoisthetallest,Tom,JackorBill?3)被定語從句所修飾的先行詞Heisthemostdiligentstudent
Ihaveeverseen.4.比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的修飾語比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的修飾語應(yīng)置于其所修飾的形容詞或副詞之前。常見的比較級(jí)修飾語有:much,still,alot,alittle,even,threeyears,fivetimes,far…等。如:Peopleworkedmuchharderthen.形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化規(guī)則:1.一般單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞,比較級(jí)在后面加-er,最高級(jí)在后面加-est;(1)單音節(jié)詞如:small→smaller→smallestshort→shorter→shortest
tall→taller→tallestgreat→greater→greatest(2)雙音節(jié)詞如:clever→cleverer→cleverestnarrow→narrower→narrowest2.以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞,比較在原級(jí)后加-r,最高級(jí)在原級(jí)后加-st;如:large→larger→largestnice→nicer→nicest3.在重讀閉音節(jié)(即:輔音+元音+輔音)中,先雙寫末尾的輔音字母,比較級(jí)加-er,最高級(jí)加-est;如:big→bigger→biggesthot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest4.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞,把y改為i,比較級(jí)加-er,最高級(jí)加-est;如:easy→easier→easiestheavy→heavier→heaviest
busy→busier→busiesthappy→happier→happiest5.其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞,比較級(jí)在前面加more,最高級(jí)在前面加most;如:beautiful→morebeautiful→mostbeautiful
different→moredifferent→mostdifferent
easily→moreeasily→mosteasily
注意:(1)形容詞最高級(jí)前通常必須用定冠詞the,副詞最高級(jí)前可不用.例句:TheSaharaisthebiggestdesertintheworld.(2)形容詞most前面沒有the,不表示最高級(jí)的含義,只表示"非常".
Itisamostimportantproblem.
=Itisaveryimportantproblem.
6.有少數(shù)形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)是不規(guī)則的,如:good→better→bestwell→better→best
bad→worse→worstill→worse→worst
old→older/elder→oldest/eldest
many/much→more→mostlittle→less→least
far→further/farther→furthest/farthest1.(2023北京4題)-Whichdoyoulike_____,swimmingorskating?-Swimming.A.wellB.betterC.bestD.thebest2.(2022北京4題)Aftertakingtennisclasses,Timismuch_____thanlastyear.A.strongB.strongerC.strongestD.thestrongest3.(2021北京6題)TheteacherisgladtoseethatTonyis_____thanbefore.A.carefulB.morecareful
C.mostcarefulD.themostcareful
實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練:M34.(2020北京6題)ZhaozhouBridgeisoneof_____stonebridgesintheworld.A.oldB.olderC.oldestD.theoldest5.(2019北京6題)Julietakesgoodcareofthefamilydog.Sheis______thanherbrother.A.patientB.morepatientC.mostpatientD.themostpatient
6.(2018北京6題)Tonyis_____ofthetodaythreeboys,butheisthetallest.A.youngB.youngerC.youngestD.theyoungest實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練:Peoplelivelonger(long)andstay(1)_______(healthy)todaythantheydid50yearsago.Peopleare(2)_____(tall)and(3)_______(strong)becausetheyhavea(4)_____(good)diet.Athletescanrun(5)_____(fast),jump(6)______(high)andthrow(7)______(far)thaneverbefore.Playingsportsisoneofthe(8)
____________(popular)leisureactivities.
Peoplealsowork(9)______(hard)andleadCompletethepassagewiththecorrectformofthewords.healthiertallerstrongerbetter
fasterhigherfurthermostpopularharderM3(10)______(busy)lives.Bigcitiesare(11)___________(pleasant)placestolivethanbeforebecausetheyare(12)______(dirty)and(13)_____________(crowded).Theyarealso(14)______________(dangerous).
Travelingis(15)_____(easy)thanbefore,andairtravelisthe(16)_______________(comfortable)waytotravellongdistances.busierlesspleasantdirtiermorecrowdedmoredangerouseasiermostcomfortableGrammar復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞用法Grammar:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1.表示能力2.表示可能性或猜測(cè)3.表示許可或征求對(duì)方的許可4.表示想要做某事5.表示建議和邀請(qǐng)6.表示應(yīng)該、義務(wù)7.表示命令、禁止、不得不8.表示沒必要做基本特征:基本用法:1.有詞義,不能單獨(dú)作謂語,需要和動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語2.沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化Grammar:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法1.表示能力,常用can或could。2.表示可能性或猜測(cè),可用may
或might。3.表示許可或征求對(duì)方的許可,可用can/could/may/might。4.表示想要做某事,可用wouldlike/loveto。5.表示建議和邀請(qǐng),可以用下列表達(dá)方式:
Wouldyoulike/loveto…?Shallwe…?What/Howabout…?You’dbetter(not)do…Whydon’tyou…?Whynotdo…?6.表示“應(yīng)該、義務(wù)”等含義時(shí),常用should,oughtto,must。7.表示“命令、禁止、不得不”等含義時(shí),常用must,mustn’t,haveto等。如:Youmustn’ttellittoanyone.Youmustwaithere.Youshouldfinishyourtaskontime.8.表示“沒必要做謀事”常用needn’t,don’thaveto,
itisn’tnecessarytodosth.如:
Youdon’thavetoworryaboutmoney.Icanlendyouintimeofneed.Itisn’tnecessarytobuysomuchfurniture.
實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練:M44(2020北京4題)-____yougivemeahand?Ican'tmovetheboxbymyself.
-Noproblem.
A.CouldB.ShouldC.MustD.Need5(2019北京4題)-Lily,____youfinishtheletterintenminutes?
--Yes,Ican.A.mustB.shouldC.needD.can6(2018北京5題)I____gonow,orI'llmissmytrain.
A.canB.mightC.mustD.could實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練:動(dòng)詞不定式Todothatsortofthingisfoolish.Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.Allyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.Wefoundahousetolivein.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.Iwarnedthepatientnottoeatcoldwater
aftertheoperation.主語賓語表語定語狀語賓補(bǔ)GrammarM71.Freddidn’thaveanymoney,sohedecidedtolookforajob.
佛瑞德沒有錢,所以他決定找一份工作。2.Hepromisednottotellanyoneaboutit.
他答應(yīng)不告述任何人這事。作賓語Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)tobeheard.Theyjumpedwithjoytohearthenews.I’mtootiredtowalkanyfurthertonight.目的狀語原因狀語結(jié)果狀語作狀語1.Sheaskedmetostaythere.
她叫我呆在這兒。2.PleaseallowmetointroduceMrWhitetoyou.
請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我介紹懷特先生給你們。作賓補(bǔ)有些動(dòng)詞后面的不定式不帶to,如:
feel(一感),
hear,listento
(二聽),
make,have,let
(三讓),
see,watch,notice,observe
(四看).注意Iheardthemsing
apopsong.Theteachermademeanswerthequestion.Wewatchedthemplayfootball.Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformofthewordsinthebox.
begohavelistenseeunderstandwatchWe’veagreed________afootballmatchtonight.2.Hewants_____famous.3.Peopleenjoy_______adrinkbeforetheplaystarts.4.Oneofthebestthings_____inLondonistheTower.towatch
tobehavingtosee5.Asaloverofpainting,don’tforget____totheMuseumofModernArt.6._______totheirfavouritestars,theywenttothefamousBlueNote.7.Shesuggested_____totheYankeeStadiumtowatchbaseball.8.It’sagoodchance_____thetopfilmsstarstonight.9.Stop______photos.It’snotpermittedinhere.10.It’seasy____________whypeoplelikeNewYork.togoTolistengoingtoseetakingtounderstandGrammar英語中有兩種語態(tài):主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。如:
Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.(主動(dòng)語態(tài),主語we是clean這一動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者)Theclassroomiscleanedeveryday.(被動(dòng)語態(tài),主語theclassroom是clean這一動(dòng)作的承受者)M61.They
make
shoesinthatfactory.
主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)Shoesaremade(bythem)inthatfactory.
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成:
S(主語)+am/is/are+過去分詞2.They
bought
tencomputerslastterm.Tencomputers
werebought(bythem)lastterm.
一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成:
S+was/were+過去分詞3.They
will
finish
theworkintendays.Thework
willbefinished(bythem)intendays.
一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成:
S+will+be+過去分詞使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況:1)不知道或沒有必要知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)
e.g.Englishisspokenallovertheworld.2)強(qiáng)調(diào)或側(cè)重動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)
e.g.Thisdictionaryisusedbymoststudents.時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are+動(dòng)詞過去分詞KnivesandforksareusedformostWesternfood.一般過去時(shí)was/were+動(dòng)詞過去分詞TheplaywasperformedbytheBeijingEnglishTheatreCompany.一般將來時(shí)begoingto/willbe+動(dòng)詞過去分詞Youaregoingto/willbeinvitedtoabigmeal.各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):1.(2023北京11題)Theparkisgettingmoreandmorebeautifulbecausemorekindsofflowers_______everyyear.A.areplantedB.wereplantedC.plantD.planted2.(2022北京11題)Onourfarm,thetealeaves_____byhandwhentheyareready.A.pickB.picked
C.arepickedD.werepicked3.(2021北京11題)Today,manywinterOlympicsports_____evenbychildren.A.enjoyedB.enjoyC.wereenjoyedD.areenjoyed實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練:4.(2020北京11題)Thekite_____inChinamorethan2,000yearsago.A.inventsB.invented
C.isinventedD.wasinvented5.(2019北京11題)Myadviceonhowtosavepaper_____bymyclasslastMonday.A.acceptsB.accepted
C.wasacceptedD.isaccepted6.(2018北京11題)Anewinternationalairport_____inthecitynextyear.A.completesB.iscompleted
C.willcompleteD.willbecompleted實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練:1.Lunch_________dailyfrom12pmto2pm.isservedlunchserveddailyfrom12pmto2pm遷移運(yùn)用:2.Dogs_____________intherestaurant.arenotallowedDogsnotallowed3.Theshop_________until10am.isclosedCloseduntil10am
Grammar
6種時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)一般將來時(shí)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)321M5一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
用法:經(jīng)常性的和習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作常用時(shí)間狀語:inspring,everyday,inthemorning
動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成:動(dòng)詞原型/動(dòng)詞+s(主語是第三人稱單數(shù))
否定構(gòu)成:don’t+動(dòng)原doesn’t+動(dòng)原一般疑問構(gòu)成及簡答:
Do/Does+主語+動(dòng)原+其它?
Yes,主語+do/does./No,主語+don’t/doesn’t.注意:start,
leave,
go,
come等的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可表示按規(guī)定要發(fā)生的未來動(dòng)作,如列車將離開。It’sonlyseveno’clockandthetrainsleavesatten.
用法:過去時(shí)間發(fā)生的或過去經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作常用時(shí)間狀語:yesterday,lastnight,twodaysago,in2000,atthattime…動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成:動(dòng)詞過去式(did/-ed)否定構(gòu)成:didn’t+動(dòng)原
一般疑問構(gòu)成:Did+主語+動(dòng)原+其它
Yes,主語+did./No,主語+didn’t.備注:Hehasopenedthedoor.(表示過去“開門”的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響是門還開著)Heopenedthedoor.(不能確定門現(xiàn)在是否開著)
一般過去時(shí)用法:將來會(huì)出現(xiàn)或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作常用時(shí)間狀語:thisevening,tomorrow,nextmonth,inafewminutes,attheendofthisterm動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成:1.will+動(dòng)原2.am/is/aregoingto+動(dòng)原3.am/is/are(about)+動(dòng)詞不定式否定構(gòu)成:will/shall
not
…
am/is/are
not
goingto…備注:在if條件或assoonas
等時(shí)間狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。
一般將來時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
用法:說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.常用時(shí)間狀語:now,thesedays,atthemoment…
動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成:am/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞(-ing)
否定構(gòu)成:am/is/are+not+現(xiàn)在分詞
一般疑問構(gòu)成及
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