高考英語復(fù)習(xí)-第二部分-閱讀理解-14-科普知識類

專題十四科普知識類1/26-2-(全國Ⅰ)Abuild-it-yourselfsolarstill(蒸餾器)isoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwaterinareaswheretheliquidisnotreadilyavailable.DevelopedbytwodoctorsintheU.S.DepartmentofAgriculture,it’sanexcellentwatercollector.Unfortunately,youmustcarrythenecessaryequipmentwithyou,sinceit’sallbutimpossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes.Theonlycomponentsrequired,though,area5'×5'sheetofclearorslightlymilkyplastic,sixfeetofplastictube,andacontainer—perhapsjustadrinkingcup—tocatchthewater.Thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt.2/26-3-Toconstructaworkingstill,useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethewatercatcher’sproductivity.Placeyourcupinthedeepestpartofthehole.Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsup—andout—thesideofthehole.Next,covertheholewiththeplasticsheet,securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthesheet’scenterdownwitharock.Theplasticshouldnowformacone(圓錐體)with45-degree-angledsides.Thelowpointofthesheetmustbecentereddirectlyover,andnomorethanthreeinchesabove,thecup.3/26-4-Thesolarstillworksbycreatingagreenhouseundertheplastic.Groundwaterevaporates(蒸發(fā))andcollectsonthesheetuntilsmalldropsofwaterform,rundownthematerial,andfalloffintothecup.Whenthecontainerisfull,youcansucktherefreshmentoutthroughthetube,andwon’thavetobreakdownthestilleverytimeyouneedadrink.4/26-5-32.WhatdoweknowaboutthesolarstillequipmentfromthefirstparagraphA.It’sdelicate. B.It’sexpensive. C.It’scomplex. D.It’sportable.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thewatercatcher”inparagraph2refertoA.Thetube. B.Thestill. C.Thehole. D.Thecup.34.WhatisthelaststepofconstructingaworkingsolarstillA.Digaholeofacertainsize. B.Putthecupinplace.C.Weightthesheet’scenterdown. D.Covertheholewiththeplasticsheet.5/26-6-35.Whenasolarstillworks,dropsofwatercomeintothecupfrom

.

A.theplastictube B.outsidetheholeC.theopenair D.beneaththesheet6/26-7-【文章結(jié)構(gòu)】7/26-8-【難點分析】①Unfortunately,youmustcarrythenecessaryequipmentwithyou,sinceit’sallbutimpossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes.不幸是,你必須隨身攜帶這些必備儀器,因為要找到天然替換品幾乎是不可能。分析:since...是原因狀語從句;it是形式主語,tofind...是不定式作真正主語。allbut意為“幾乎”。②Whenthecontainerisfull,youcansucktherefreshmentoutthroughthetube,andwon’thavetobreakdownthestilleverytimeyouneedadrink.當(dāng)容器裝滿了水,你就能夠經(jīng)過吸水管把這些提神水吸出來,而無須每次飲水時都要把裝置拆掉。分析:該句中“everytimeyouneedadrink”是時間狀語從句,表示“每當(dāng)……時候”。8/26-9-【語篇導(dǎo)讀】美國農(nóng)業(yè)部兩位博士研制出一個蒸餾器。在水資源短缺區(qū)域,這是一個非常不錯取得飲用水設(shè)備。32.D

推理判斷題。從文章第一段“These

pieces

can

be

folded

into

a

neat

little

pack

and

fastened

on

your

belt.”可知,這種集水器設(shè)備攜帶起來很方便。人們能夠把它折疊成一個小包并系在腰帶上。33.B

詞義猜測題。從文章第二段“To

construct

a

working

still...”和畫線詞后productivity可推斷出畫線部分指是the

still。34.C

細節(jié)了解題。從文章第三段“Next,cover

the

hole

with

the

plastic

sheet,securing

the

edges

of

the

plastic

with

dirt

and

weighting

the

sheet’s

center

down

with

a

rock.”可知,用塑料布把洞穴覆蓋,并把塑料布邊緣用泥土弄牢。最終把一塊石頭壓在塑料布中心。所以選C項。9/26-10-35.D

推理判斷題。從文章最終一段“Ground

water

evaporates

and

collects

on

the

sheet

until

small

drops

of

water

form,run

down

the

material

and

fall

off

into

the

cup.”可知,這種蒸餾器工作原理是創(chuàng)造一個溫室。地面水向上蒸發(fā)并在塑料布上聚集形成小水滴,然后水滴順著塑料布流下來落到杯子里。10/26-11-A(天津·C)There’sanewfrontierin3Dprintingthat’sbeginningtocomeintofocus:food.Recentdevelopmenthasmadepossiblemachinesthatprint,cook,andservefoodsonamassscale.Andtheindustryisn’tstoppingthere.Food

productionWitha3Dprinter,acookcanprintcomplicatedchocolatesculpturesandbeautifulpiecesfordecorationonaweddingcake.Noteverybodycandothat—ittakesyearsofexperience,butaprintermakesiteasy.ArestaurantinSpainusesaFoodinito“re-createformsandpieces”offoodthatare“exactlythesame,”freeingcookstocompleteothertasks.Inanotherrestaurant,allofthedishesanddessertsitservesare3D-printed,ratherthanfarmtotable.11/26-12-Sustainability(可連續(xù)性)Theglobalpopulationisexpectedtogrowto9.6billionby2050,andsomeanalystsestimatethatfoodproductionwillneedtoberaisedby50percenttomaintaincurrentlevels.Sustainabilityisbecominganecessity.3Dfoodprintingcouldprobablycontributetothesolution.Someexpertsbelieveprinterscouldusehydrocolloids(水解膠體)fromplentifulrenewableslikealgae(藻類)andgrasstoreplacethefamiliaringredients(烹飪原料).3Dprintingcanreducefueluseandemissions.Grocerystoresofthefuturemightstock“food”thatlastsyearsonend,freeingupshelfspaceandreducingtransportationandstoragerequirements.12/26-13-NutritionFuture3Dfoodprinterscouldmakeprocessedfoodhealthier.HodLipson,aprofessoratColumbiaUniversity,said,“Foodprintingcouldallowconsumerstoprintfoodwithcustomizednutritionalcontent,likevitamins.Soinsteadofeatingapieceofyesterday’sbreadfromthesupermarket,you’deatsomethingbakedjustforyouondemand.”13/26-14-ChallengesDespiterecentadvancementsin3Dfoodprinting,theindustryhasmanychallengestoovercome.Currently,mostingredientsmustbechangedtoapaste(糊狀物)beforeaprintercanusethem,andtheprintingprocessisquitetime-consuming,becauseingredientsinteractwitheachotherinverycomplexways.Ontopofthat,mostofthe3Dfoodprintersnowarerestrictedtodryingredients,becausemeatandmilkproductsmayeasilygobad.Someexpertsareskepticalabout3Dfoodprinters,believingtheyarebettersuitedforfastfoodrestaurantsthanhomesandhigh-endrestaurants.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文,主要介紹一項新3D食物打印技術(shù)。分別介紹食物打印省時高效特點、所使用原料可連續(xù)性、提供用戶所需要營養(yǎng)以及當(dāng)前技術(shù)推廣面臨挑戰(zhàn)等。14/26-15-1.Whatbenefitdoes3Dprintingbringtofoodproduction

A.Ithelpscookstocreatenewdishes.B.Itsavestimeandeffortincooking.C.Itimprovesthecookingconditions.D.Itcontributestorestaurantdecorations.答案解析解析關(guān)閉細節(jié)了解題。依據(jù)第二段第一、二句可知,用3D打印機,一名廚師可在婚禮蛋糕上打印出復(fù)雜巧克力圖案和精美裝飾,這并非每個人都能做到,這要廚師多年經(jīng)驗積累,但一臺打印機能夠很輕易就做到。由此可知,3D打印技術(shù)在食品制作方面節(jié)約了時間和精力。答案解析關(guān)閉B15/26-16-2.Whatcanwelearnabout3DfoodprintingfromParagraph3

A.Itsolvesfoodshortageseasily.B.Itquickensthetransportationoffood.C.Itneedsnospaceforthestorageoffood.D.Itusesrenewablematerialsassourcesoffood.答案解析解析關(guān)閉推理判斷題。依據(jù)第三段第四句“Someexpertsbelieveprinters...”可知,教授相信3D打印機可使用大量藻類和草等可再生資源形成水解膠體代替熟知烹飪原料。答案解析關(guān)閉D16/26-17-3.AccordingtoParagraph4,3D-printedfood

.

A.ismoreavailabletoconsumersB.canmeetindividualnutritionalneedsC.ismoretastythanfoodinsupermarketsD.cankeepallthenutritioninrawmaterials答案解析解析關(guān)閉細節(jié)了解題。依據(jù)第四段中HodLipson教授話可知,食品打印能使得用戶打印出富含用戶個性化需求營養(yǎng)成份,如維生素。所以,用戶無須吃昨天從超市買來面包,而是隨需烤制。答案解析關(guān)閉B17/26-18-4.Whatisthemainfactorthatprevents3Dfoodprintingfromspreadingwidely

A.Theprintingprocessiscomplicated.B.3Dfoodprintersaretooexpensive.C.Foodmaterialshavetobedry.D.Someexpertsdoubt3Dfoodprinting.答案解析解析關(guān)閉細節(jié)了解題。依據(jù)第五段第三句“Ontopofthat,...”可知,盡管3D食物打印技術(shù)進展迅猛,但所需大多數(shù)打印材料必須是干燥才能使用,這也就制約了食物打印技術(shù)普及。答案解析關(guān)閉C18/26-19-5.Whatcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage

A.3DFoodPrinting:DeliciousNewTechnologyB.ANewWaytoImprove3DFoodPrintingC.TheChallengesfor3DFoodProductionD.3DFoodPrinting:FromFarmtoTable答案解析解析關(guān)閉主旨大意題。通讀全文可知,本文開宗明義,一項新3D打印技術(shù)引人矚目,最新進展有利于大規(guī)模食品打印和服務(wù)。接下來分段介紹食物打印省時高效特點、所使用原料可連續(xù)性、提供用戶所需要營養(yǎng)以及當(dāng)前技術(shù)推廣面臨挑戰(zhàn)等。所以文章最正確題目應(yīng)為——3D食物打印:“精美可口”新技術(shù)。答案解析關(guān)閉A19/26-20-B(山東濟南二模)ManypeopletraveledtoLasVegas,Nevadalastweekforthe50thConsumerElectronicsShow,orCES.Theshowissaidtohavethelargestcollectionofnewelectronicdevicesintheworld.Theshowhadmanyexamplesof“smarthome”devices.“Smarthome”technologyisdesignedtomakelifeeasierforpeoplebylettingcomputerscontrolmanythingsinsideourhomes.Onesuchdeviceactuallybeginsworkingoutsidethehome,whensomeonearrivesandringsthedoorbell.20/26-21-“Whensomeonecomestoyourfrontdoorandringsthedoorbell,thelightcanturnonimmediately.IgetanotificationwhenI’mhalfwayaroundtheworldthatsomeonecame,andIcanstarttalkingtothepersonwho’satmyfrontdoor,andIcansay,‘Oh,hereletmeletyouin.’Icanunlockthedoorforthemveryeasily.”saidVivint,asmarthomeserviceprovider.Oneelectronicsmakerlaunchedadevicethatletspeopleseeandinteractwiththeiranimalswhentheyareaway.Thedevice,fromPetcube,letsyouremotelywatchandtalktoyourpetthroughapersonaldevice,accordingtoacompanyofficial.Itcanevengivethepetatreat—ifyouapproveandorderit.21/26-22-Forheatingorcooling,thereisasmartthermostat.Thisdevicecanalsosendyouamessageifabigstormcausesleaksorflooding.“We’retryingtocatchitwithjustafewdripsbeforeitbecomesareallybigproblem,”saidMikeSaleofiDevices.Aconcernformanyhomeownersisthepossibilitythatsomeoneelsemightfindawaytoattackthesesmarthomedevices.AnofficialfromVivintsaidhiscompanyissurethatonlyownersofthehomecangainuseofinformationonthedevices.WarrenKatzfromiDevicessaidhiscompanyemploysengineersfromthedefenseindustrytohelppreventhacking.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇科技產(chǎn)品說明文。作者介紹了內(nèi)華達州拉斯維加斯消費者電子產(chǎn)品展示會中智能家庭電子產(chǎn)品特點。22/26-23-6.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheshow

A.Itcreatedmuchattractiontoconsumers.B.IthasbeenheldinLasVegasmanytimes.C.Itonlyexhibitedsmarthomedevices.D.Itisthelargestshoweverheld.