2021高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí)第一部分教材知識(shí)梳理Unit3Inventorsandinventions課件新人教版選修8

Unit3

Inventorsandinventions重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞1.distinguishvt.&vi.顯示……的差別;使……有所不同;辨別distinguishedadj.卓著的,著名的;高貴的2.mercifuladj.寬大的;仁慈的,慈悲的mercyn.仁慈;寬恕3.stainlessadj.無污點(diǎn)的;無銹的;無瑕疵的stainn.污點(diǎn)4.abruptadj.突然的;意外的abruptlyadv.突然地;唐突地5.convenientadj.便利的,方便的;就近的conveniencen.便利,方便;有益convenientlyadv.便利地,方便地

重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞6.cautionn.小心;謹(jǐn)慎cautiousadj.小心的;謹(jǐn)慎的cautiouslyadv.小心地;謹(jǐn)慎地7.expectationn.預(yù)料;期待,期望expectvt.預(yù)料;期望8.passiveadj.被動(dòng)的;消極的;被動(dòng)語態(tài)的active(反義詞)adj.主動(dòng)的;積極的;主動(dòng)語態(tài)的9.merryadj.愉快的,高興的merrilyadv.高興地,愉快地10.seizevt.抓住,捉住;奪11.criterionn.(評(píng)判的)標(biāo)準(zhǔn);尺度criteria(pl.)重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞12.filen.文件;檔案;文件夾vt.提交;將……歸檔13.identificationn.鑒定;辨認(rèn);身份證明identifyvt.確認(rèn);識(shí)別;鑒別

vi.認(rèn)同;一致identityn.身份;一致;特征14.innocentadj.清白的;無罪的;天真的innocencen.無罪;天真;清白15.bearvt.忍受,忍耐;負(fù)擔(dān);生育bore(過去式)born(e)(過去分詞)bearableadj.可忍受的,可容忍的unbearableadj.難以忍受的,不能忍受的

重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞16.tapvt.&vi.輕打;輕拍;輕敲

n.輕輕地敲擊(聲);(水)龍頭17.currentn.(水或氣)流;電流adj.現(xiàn)在的,當(dāng)前的18.stableadj.穩(wěn)固的,穩(wěn)定的;安定的stablyadv.穩(wěn)定地;堅(jiān)固地,堅(jiān)定地19.associatevt.聯(lián)想;聯(lián)系vi.交往n.同伴,伙伴associationn.聯(lián)想;聯(lián)合;協(xié)會(huì)20.practicaladj.實(shí)際的;實(shí)踐的;實(shí)用的practicallyadv.實(shí)際上,事實(shí)上practicen.實(shí)踐,練習(xí);慣例vt.&vi.練習(xí);實(shí)行21.competencen.能力;勝任;本領(lǐng)

重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞1.callup

給……打電話2.nowandthen

偶爾,有時(shí)3.setabout

開始,著手4.diveinto

潛入;撲去;迅速把手伸入;一心投入5.setout(todo)

開始(做)6.hangon

不掛斷;稍等;緊緊握住7.outoforder

次序顛倒;發(fā)生故障8.getthrough

設(shè)法聯(lián)系上(尤指打通電話);(設(shè)法)做完;通過9.ringback

回復(fù)電話10.ringoff

掛斷電話

重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞1.我做的第一件事就是看是否有能幫助我的產(chǎn)品,但似乎只有一種專門用來殺死蛇的藥粉。ThefirstthingIdidwastoseeiftherewereanyproductsthatmighthelpme,but

thereonlyseemedtobepowdersdesignedtokillsnakes.2.第二天早上,天還不是很熱,我就早早地起床了。ThenextmorningIgotupearlybeforethesunwashot.3.只有你得到這種承認(rèn),你才可以說是一個(gè)真正的發(fā)明家。Onlyafteryouhavehadthatrecognitioncanyousaythatyouaretrulyaninventor.4.(評(píng)定)專利標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是很嚴(yán)格的,除非新的想法真是新穎的,否則很難被接受。Thecriteriaaresostrictthatitisdifficulttogetnewideasacceptedunlesstheyaretrulynovel.重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞5.跟蹤下去,不斷探索,不知不覺中,你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)某種值得思考的東西盤踞在你的頭腦中。Followitup,exploreallaroundit,andbeforeyouknowit,youwillhavesomethingworththinkingabouttooccupyyourmind.6.這項(xiàng)專利是1876年發(fā)布的,但是貝爾是在五天以后才跟他的助手華生通了第一次電話。Thepatentwasgivenin1876,butitwasnotuntilfivedayslaterthatBellsenthisfirsttelephonemessagetohisassistantWatson.Whenthewritercalleduphermotherinthecountryside1.onthephone,shelearnedthatsnakescameneartheirhouseandthattheyseemedto2.havemade(make)theirhomeneartheirhouse.Thewriterconsidered3.itachanceforhertodistinguishherselfby4.inventing(invent)somethingthatwouldcatchsnakesbutnotharmthem.

Shesetabout5.researching(research)thehabitsofsnakes.Shedecidedtocoolthemsothattheycouldbe6.easily(easy)caught.However,herfirsttwoplanswerenotsuccessful.Asaresult,shehadtoattempt7.athirdtime,8.whichhelpedherfulfillheraimsuccessfully.Shewasso9.delighted(delight)thatshedeterminedtosendherinventiontothepatentofficetoget10.recognition(recognize)forhersuccessfulidea.重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞?distinguishvt.&

vi.顯示……的差別;使……有所不同;辨別Here

was

a

chance

for

me

to

distinguish

myself

by

inventing

something

merciful

that

would

catch

snakes

but

not

harm

them.這回我有機(jī)會(huì)來表現(xiàn)一下自己了,我要發(fā)明一種仁慈的東西,既可以把蛇抓到而又不會(huì)傷害它們。(教材原句P20)◆常見用法distinguish...from...把……與……區(qū)別開distinguish

between...and...區(qū)分/辨別……和……distinguish

oneself使自己與眾不同;使自己出名Speechesdistinguishhumanbeingsfromanimals.人類和其他動(dòng)物的區(qū)別在于人類會(huì)說話。Theydonotknowhowtodistinguishbetweenthesetwokindsofcontradictions.他們不知道如何區(qū)分這兩種矛盾。

Hedistinguishedhimselfbyhiscourage.他因勇敢而揚(yáng)名。

重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞◆拓展延伸1.distinguished

adj.著名的,卓著的be

distinguished

for...因……而出名be

distinguished

as

被稱為;作為……而出名2.distinguishable

adj.易分辨的,能區(qū)分的重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用完成句子1.分清楚語法規(guī)則和書面語言規(guī)則是很重要的。Itisimportanttodistinguishbetweentherulesofgrammarandtheconventionsofwrittenlanguage.

2.這對(duì)孿生子十分相像,讓人無法分辨。Thetwinsweresomuchalikethatitwasimpossibletodistinguishonefromtheother.3.他因跳遠(yuǎn)而出名。Heisdistinguishedforlongjump.

重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞?convenientadj.便利的,方便的;就近的They

abruptly

disappeared

into

a

convenient

hole

in

the

wall.它們突然一下子就消失在附近的墻洞里了。(教材原句P20)◆常見用法be

convenient

to

sb.對(duì)某人方便It

is

convenient

for

sb.to

do

sth.某人方便做某事if

it

is

convenient

to

you如果你方便的話Itisnotconvenientformetoringhimup.我現(xiàn)在不方便給他打電話。

Comeandseemewheneveritisconvenienttoyou.只要你方便,隨時(shí)過來看我。

重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞◆拓展延伸convenience

n.方便,便利;適宜;省事at

one’s

convenience在某人方便的時(shí)候for

convenience為了方便Comebytopickmeupatyourconvenience.你方便的時(shí)候,請(qǐng)來接我?！衄F(xiàn)學(xué)活用完成句子1.我不知道你來這里是否方便。Idon’tknowifitisconvenientforyoutocomehere.

2.如果你方便的話,請(qǐng)兩點(diǎn)鐘給我打電話。Ifitisconvenienttoyou,callmeattwoo’clock,please.

重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞?seizevt.奪取;抓住(機(jī)會(huì)等);捉住Pressed

by

my

friends

and

relations,I

decided

to

seize

the

opportunity...由于朋友和親戚的敦促,我決定抓住這次機(jī)會(huì)……(教材原句P21)◆常見用法seize

hold

of

抓住……seize

sth.from

sb.從某人那里奪取某物seize

sb.by

the...抓住某人的(身體某部位)seize

on/upon

sth.抓住(可利用的事物),利用Thepolicemanseizedhimbythearm.警察抓住了他的胳膊。

Thecompanywasquicktoseizeonthepossibilitiesofferedbynewtechnology.該公司迅速抓住了新技術(shù)帶來的機(jī)遇。

重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用完成句子1.他們突襲攻占了機(jī)場(chǎng)。Theyseizedtheairportinasurpriseattack.

2.我們應(yīng)該抓住機(jī)遇,盡最大的努力解決這個(gè)問題。Weshouldseizetheopportunity/chanceandtryourbesttosolvetheproblem.

重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞?bearvt.忍受,忍耐;負(fù)擔(dān);生育I

cannot

bear

the

smell

of

burnt

sausage

on

the

barbecue.我忍受不了烤架上烤香腸的味道。(教材原句P24)◆常見用法bear

sb.to

do

sth.容忍某人做某事can’t

bear

doing/to

do

sth.無法忍受做某事bear

(sth.)

in

mind

記住;考慮到bear

the

responsibility/blame承擔(dān)責(zé)任/受責(zé)備Shecouldnotbearseeingthechildrenhungry.她不忍看到孩子們挨餓。

Youshouldn’thavetobeartheblameforotherpeople’smistakes.你不必代人受過。

重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞◆詞義辨析1.bear表示“對(duì)強(qiáng)加的任何東西的忍受”,側(cè)重于表示“忍受沉重或難辦的事”。Hecouldnotbearhiscompanytobeattackedlikethat.他不忍看到同伴受到那樣的攻擊。2.stand常與bear通用,但stand包含著“不退讓”“不畏縮”的“忍受”之意。HecanstandmorepainthananyoneelseIknow.他比我認(rèn)識(shí)的任何人都更能忍受痛苦。3.tolerate和stand都表示“忍受令人生厭的事”。tolerate的內(nèi)涵是“為了和平或融洽而不反對(duì)”。Consideringhishomesituation,hehadtotoleratehiswife.考慮到家中的情形,他不得不忍讓妻子。4.putupwith是普通用語,指容忍某些不愉快的或有輕微傷害的事情。Noiseiscomingtothepointwherewecan’tputupwithit.噪音快到我們無法忍受的地步了。

重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用單句填空1.Bearing(bear)inmindthathe’sonlyten,Ithinkhedidverywell.2.Youmustbearitinmindthatyourparentshopetodependonyoutobecomeagooddoctor.3.Itwassaidthatshebore(bear)himthreesons.重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞?associatevt.聯(lián)想;聯(lián)系;聯(lián)合vi.交往n.同伴,伙伴Although

he

is

most

often

associated

with

the

invention

of

the

telephone,he

was

indeed

a

continuing

searcher

after

practical

solutions

to

improve

the

quality

of

everybody’s

life.雖然人們常把他與電話的發(fā)明聯(lián)系在一起,但是他的確是一位永不停息的探索家,不斷尋求著改善人們生活質(zhì)量的途徑。(教材原句P26)◆常見用法associate

with

sb.與某人交往,與某人打交道associate...with...把……和……聯(lián)系在一起be

associated

with...和……有關(guān),與……相聯(lián)系重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞Youmustbearitinmindthatyoushouldneverassociatewithbadcompanions.你必須要牢記千萬別和壞人交往。

Inthechildren’smindssummerisassociatedwithpicnics.在孩子的心中,夏天是和野餐聯(lián)系在一起的。

◆拓展延伸association

n.聯(lián)合;聯(lián)想;交往;協(xié)會(huì);團(tuán)體in

association

with...與……合作;在……的幫助下◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用用括號(hào)中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Thecancerrisksassociated(associate)withsmokinghavebeenwelldocumented.2.Weareworkinginassociation(associate)withalocalcompanytoraisemoneyforthehomeless.重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞?call

up給……打電話;使回憶起When

I

called

up

my

mother

in

the

countryside

on

the

telephone

she

was

very

upset.我給住在鄉(xiāng)下的母親打電話的時(shí)候,她感到很心煩。(教材原句P20)Yourlettercallsupthedayswhenweworkedtogetherfifteenyearsago.你的來信使我回憶起十五年前我們一起工作的日子。

◆拓展延伸1.call

off取消,撤銷call

out

大聲說出call

at

(some

place)

拜訪(某地)call

on

(sb.)

拜訪(某人)call

on

sb.to

do

sth.要求/號(hào)召/呼吁某人做某事call

for

需求,需要;來取(某物);去接(某人)call

in

請(qǐng)來,找來

重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞2.與打電話有關(guān)的短語:ring/call

back回復(fù)電話ring

off掛斷電話give

sb.a

ring/call

給某人打電話sb.be

wanted

on

the

phone有某人的電話answer

the

phone

接電話hang/hold

on

不掛斷電話hold

the

line

稍等get

through

設(shè)法聯(lián)系上(尤指打通電話)Whydon’tyoucallonmysisterwhenyou’reinBrighton?你到了布萊頓何不順便探望一下我姐姐呢?重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用用call構(gòu)成的短語的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Thesmelloftheseacalledupmemoriesofherchildhood.

2.Rescuershadtocalloffthesearchbecauseofworseningweathercondition.

3.It’sthesortofworkthatcallsforahighlevelofconcentration.

4.TheMinistryofEducationcallsonstudentstoexerciseforanhoureveryday.

重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞?set

about開始,著手I

set

about

researching

the

habits

of

snakes

to

find

the

easiest

way

to

trap

them.我著手研究蛇的習(xí)性,以便能找到最容易的方法捉住它們。(教材原句P20)◆拓展延伸set

off

出發(fā);引發(fā);引爆set

out

出發(fā),動(dòng)身;開始;打算set

aside

留出;撥出;不予考慮;把……放在一邊set

down

記下,寫下set

up

建立;創(chuàng)業(yè)IhopeIwillsetupmyownbusinesssomeday.我希望有一天我能自己創(chuàng)業(yè)。Sheisgoingtosetout/offforFranceatfiveo’clockinthemorning.她準(zhǔn)備早上五點(diǎn)鐘出發(fā)去法國。

重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用單句填空1.Shesetsouttobreak(break)theworldrecord.

2.Wesetaboutcleaning(clean)upthemess.3.Afterbreakfast,myclassmatesandIsetoutforHongXingFarmandreceivedawarmwelcome.重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞?get

through設(shè)法聯(lián)系上(尤指打通電話);(設(shè)法)做完;通過I

can’t

get

through.我打不通電話。(教材原句P26)IttookusonlyafewminutestogetthroughtheCustoms.我們通過海關(guān)檢查只花了幾分鐘時(shí)間。

◆拓展延伸1.get

into進(jìn)入;陷入;染上(習(xí)慣)get

off下車;脫下(衣服等);(使)動(dòng)身;(飛機(jī))起飛get

along

with...與……相處get

over越過(墻等);克服;從(病、損失等)中恢復(fù)過來get

down

to

doing

開始認(rèn)真做……重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞2.go

through通過;檢查;經(jīng)歷pass

through從……中穿過;走過look

through瀏覽;仔細(xì)查看see

through

看穿,識(shí)破break

through突破……Theactresshadtolearntogetoverherfearofthepublic.這位女演員必須學(xué)會(huì)不怯場(chǎng)。Shespentthewholenightlookingthroughthestudents’homework.她花了一晚上查看學(xué)生的作業(yè)。◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用單句改錯(cuò)1.It’stimeIgotdowntothinkaboutthatessay.(think

改為thinking)2.Hehasgreatdifficultytogettingalongwellwithhisclassmates.(to改為in或刪除to)重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞?before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句The

next

morning

I

got

up

early

before

the

sun

was

hot.第二天早上,天還不是很熱,我就早早地起床了。(教材原句P20)在before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中,因?yàn)閎efore從句本身已含有否定的意思,所以謂語動(dòng)詞必須用肯定式。另外,根據(jù)before在句中的實(shí)際情況,從句譯法有多種,具體可譯為:①還沒來得及……就……(常與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can,could連用);②……(之后)才……;③不久(就)……。HerushedoutoftheroombeforeIcouldsayaword.我還沒來得及說一句話他就沖出了房間。Itwasmidnightbeforehereturned.他半夜之后才回來。ItwasnotlongbeforeMartingottohisfeet.馬丁不久就站了起來。

重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用用before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句完成句子1.我很抱歉你已經(jīng)等了這么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,但是還要再過一段時(shí)間瑪麗才能回來。I’msorryyou’vebeenwaitingsolong,butit’llstillbesometimebeforeMarygetsback.

2.趁我還沒忘,我得把它寫下來。BeforeIforgetit,Imustwriteitdown.

3.你最好離開,不然我就要發(fā)火了。You’dbettergoawaybeforeIlosemytemper.

重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞?“祈使句+and/or...+陳述句”句型Follow

it

up,explore

all

around

it,and

before

you

know

it,you

will

have

something

worth

thinking

about

to

occupy

your

mind.跟蹤下去,不斷探索,不知不覺中,你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)某種值得思考的東西盤踞在你的頭腦中。(教材原句P25)在“祈使句+and/or...+陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,前后為順承關(guān)系時(shí),用and或then;前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系時(shí),用or,otherwise或orelse。這種句型可以改為if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。Lendherahand,andshewillbegratefultoyou.=Ifyoulendherahand,shewillbegrateful.幫她一把,她會(huì)感激的。Sendanemailtoyourparents,ortheywillgetannoyed.=Ifyoudon’tsendanemailtoyourparents,theywillgetannoyed.給你的父母發(fā)個(gè)電子郵件,不然他們會(huì)生氣的。

重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)單詞◆現(xiàn)學(xué)活用用and或or填空1.Loseonehourinthemorning,andyouwillbelookingforittherestoftheday.2.Readthisstory,andyouwillrealizethatnoteverythingcanbeboughtwithmoney.3.Don’tturnoffthecomputerbeforeclosingallprograms,oryoucouldhaveproblems.一、單句填空1.(2015·廣東高考改編)DanielAnderson,afamouspsychologist,believesit’simportanttodistinguishtelevision’sinfluencesonchildren

thoseofthefamily.

1.from。句意:著名的心理學(xué)家丹尼爾·安德森認(rèn)為把電視對(duì)孩子的影響和家庭對(duì)孩子的影響區(qū)分開是非常重要的。distinguish...from...“把……和……區(qū)分開”。2.(2015·陜西高考改編)Theyareindifferenttothe

(convenient)causedtoothers.

2.inconvenience。句意:他們對(duì)給別人造成的不便很冷漠。根據(jù)句意可知,空處應(yīng)該表示造成的不便,故用inconvenience。3.(2015·浙江高考改編)Findsomething,dive

it,takethegoodparts,skipthebadparts,getwhatyoucanoutofit,goontosomethingelse.

3.into。句意:找到一些書,一心投入進(jìn)去,吸取精華部分,摒棄其糟粕,然后從中獲得你能得到的東西,繼續(xù)去看其他書。固定搭配diveinto意為“投入”。

4.(2015·湖北高考改編)OneofthefamiliesmovinginwastheBrenninkmeijers,currentlythe

(wealthy)familyoftheNetherlands.

4.wealthiest。句意:其中搬過來的有布倫寧克邁耶一家,他們是當(dāng)時(shí)荷蘭最富裕的家庭。oftheNetherlands為限定范圍,所以此處應(yīng)用形容詞的最高級(jí)。5.(2015·湖南高考改編)Thisofcoursecreatedanewproblem:dirt

(practical)buriedthefirstfloorsofeverybuildinginChicago.

5.practically。句意:這當(dāng)然引發(fā)了新的問題:灰塵實(shí)際上覆蓋了芝加哥每棟大樓的第一層樓。此處應(yīng)用副詞practically“實(shí)際上”,修飾動(dòng)詞buried。6.(2015·北京高考改編)Butitisusefultobearinmind

allsuchchangescomefromthetechnologyandnotsomeimagineddesirebyparentstokeeptheirchildrenundertheirwings.

6.that。句意:但是記住這一點(diǎn)是很有用的:所有的變化來自于科技的進(jìn)步,而非父母想將子女保護(hù)在自己的羽翼下的愿望。bearsth.inmind“把……記在心里”。此處所填詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句作bear的賓語,從句不缺少句子成分,故用that來連接。

7.(2015·上海高考改編)Instead,theyemphasizethestoryoftheyouthw