英語(yǔ)中名詞的用法

一、英語(yǔ)中各種詞性的用法及解釋1.名詞名詞可以分為專有名詞（ProperNouns）和普通名詞(monNouns）。專有名詞是某個(gè)（些）人，地方，機(jī)構(gòu)等專有的名稱，如Beijing，China等。（不是專有名詞就是普通名詞）名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的方法1)規(guī)則的變復(fù)數(shù)的方法情況構(gòu)成方法例詞一般情況加-smap-mapsbag-bagscar-cars以s,sh,ch,x等結(jié)尾的詞加-esbus-buseswatch-watches以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞變y為i再加esbaby---babies2)不規(guī)則變化情況以o結(jié)尾的名詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)：a.加s，如：photo---photospiano---pianosradio---radioszoo---zoos；b.加es，如：potato—potatoestomato—tomatoes（基本規(guī)律：有生命性質(zhì)的詞在后面加es，否則加s）以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)：a.加s，如：belief---beliefsroof---roofssafe---safesgulf---gulfs；b.去f,fe加-ves，如：half---halvesknife---knivesleaf---leaveswolf---wolveswife---wiveslife---livesthief---thieves；名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化child---childrenfoot---feettooth---teethmouse---miceman---menwoman---women單復(fù)同形如：deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese集體名詞，以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，但實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。如：peoplepolicecattle等本身就是復(fù)數(shù)，不能說(shuō)apeople，apolice，acattle，但可以說(shuō)aperson，apoliceman，aheadofcattle,theEnglish，theBritish，theFrench，theChinese，theJapanese，theSwiss等名詞，表示國(guó)民總稱時(shí)，作復(fù)數(shù)用。以s結(jié)尾，仍為單數(shù)的名詞，如：maths，politics，physics等學(xué)科名詞，為不可數(shù)名詞，是單數(shù)。news是不可數(shù)名詞。(2)名詞的格1)在英語(yǔ)中有些名詞可以加"'s"來(lái)表示所有關(guān)系，帶這種詞尾的名詞形式稱為該名詞的所有格，如：ateacher'sbook。名詞所有格的規(guī)則如下：2)單數(shù)名詞詞尾加"'s"，復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾沒(méi)有s，也要加"'s"，如theboy'sbag男孩的書(shū)包，men'sroom男廁所。3)若名詞已有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s，只加"'"，如：theworkers'struggle工人的斗爭(zhēng)。凡不能加"'s"的名詞，都可以用"名詞+of+名詞"的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示所有關(guān)系，如：thetitleofthesong歌的名字。在表示店鋪或教堂的名字或某人的家時(shí)，名詞所有格的后面常常不出現(xiàn)它所修飾的名詞，如：thebarber's理發(fā)店。如果兩個(gè)名詞并列，并且分別有's，則表示"分別有"；只有一個(gè)'s，則表示'共有'。如：John'sandMary'sroom（兩間）JohnandMary'sroom（一間）例題解析1.Theygotmuch_____fromthosenewbooks.A.ideasB.photosC.newsD.stories2.Ihavetwo_______andthreebottlesof_________here.A.orange,orangeB.oranges,orangesC.oranges,orangeD.orange,oranges3.EveryeveningMr.Kingtakesa_________tohishome.A.25minutes’walkB.25minute’swalkC.25minutewalkD.25minuteswalk解析:句中的minute應(yīng)該用其復(fù)數(shù)的所有格形式,只+’,而不能+s,因此選A。4.Anold_______wantstoseeyou.A.peopleB.personC.thepeopleD.theperson解析:person與people都有”人”的意思,但用法不同.“一個(gè)人”用“aperson”,“兩個(gè)人”用“twopersons”;people泛指“人們”是集合名詞,表示復(fù)數(shù),thepeople指“人民”,apeople指“一個(gè)民族”.應(yīng)選B。5.Helpyourselfto__________.A.chickensandapplesB.chickensandappleC.chickenandappleD.chickenandapples解析:chicken可用作可數(shù)名詞指小雞,用作不可數(shù)名詞指雞肉,根據(jù)詞題意應(yīng)理解為雞肉;apple為可數(shù)名詞,故應(yīng)+s,因此選D。6.Oh,dear.Iforgotthetwo_________.A.room’snumberB.rooms’numberC.roomnumbersD.rooms’numbers解析:roomnumber房間號(hào)碼.room可直接用作定語(yǔ)修飾后面的名詞.類似的還有myphsicsteacher,twobusdrivers等.應(yīng)選C。7.ShehasbeeninTianjinfortenyears.Tianjinhasbeehersecond_________.A.familyB.houseC.homeD.room解析:family指的是家庭或是家庭成員;house指的是房子(住所);room指的是房間;而home指的是家,因此選C.8.________motherscouldn’tgotothemeeting,becausetheyhavegonetoShanghai.A.MaryandPeter’sB.MaryandPeterC.Mary’sandPeterD.Mary’sandPeter’s解析:此句中“mothers”是復(fù)數(shù),表示兩個(gè)人各自的母親,因此應(yīng)選D。9.LiLeihasbeento__________manytimesthismonth.A.heruncleB.heruncle’sC.herunclesD.aunt’s解析:此句意為“李雷這個(gè)去她舅舅家多次”.表示具體場(chǎng)所時(shí),可省去所有格后面的名詞.因此選B。10.Heisasuccessasaleaderbuthehasn’t________inteaching.A.manyexperiencesB.muchexperienceC.anexperienceD.alotexperience解析:experience作“經(jīng)驗(yàn)”講時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞,作“經(jīng)歷”講時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞.本句中應(yīng)理解為“經(jīng)驗(yàn)”,因此是不可數(shù)名詞,排除AC.又因alotof,lotsof,plentyof只用于肯定句,不用于否定句,因此選B。11.Aclassmateof_________washeretenminutesago.A.youB.yourC.yoursisterD.yoursister’s解析:此題考查名詞的雙重所有格.應(yīng)選D。12.Agroupof_________aretalkingwithtwo___________.A.Frenchmen,GermansB.Germans,FrenchmansC.Frenchmans,GermenD.Germen,Frenchmen解析:Frenchman是復(fù)合詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式為Frenchmen;German的復(fù)數(shù)為直接在單詞末尾+S,應(yīng)選A.13.Theteam________havingameeting.A.isB.areC.amD.be解析:team是一個(gè)集合名詞,即可表示復(fù)數(shù)意義(指整個(gè)小組),也可指小組中的成員(表示復(fù)數(shù)),此題意為后者,因此選B。14.“Wouldyoulike_________?”“________,please.”A.drink,ThreecoffeesB.acupofdrink,CoffeesC.adrink,AcoffeeD.adrink,Threecupsofcoffees解析:drink和coffee是不可數(shù)名詞,可以用…of來(lái)表示數(shù)量,eg,threecupsofcoffee,當(dāng)前面加a時(shí),則表示“一杯”．因此選C。15.TheGreatWallwasmadenotonlyby_______,butalsothefleshandbloodof________men.A.earthandstone,millionsofB.earthsandstones,millionsC.theearthandstone,millionofD.theearthsandstones,millions解析：earth是不可數(shù)名詞，因此刪除BD,數(shù)以百萬(wàn)的應(yīng)為millionsof.因此選A。選擇最佳答案：1．Lastnight,therewasafoodaccident.The_______wereill,butno_______werelost.A.child,livesB.children,lifeC.children,livesD.child,life2.---Thisisaphotoof_________whentheywereyoung.---OK,howhappytheybothlooked!A.myfatherandmotherB.mymotherandfather'sC.mymother'sandfather'sD.myfather'sandmymother3.Thenewstudentisin__________,GradeTwo.A.ClassThirdB.ThirdClassC.ClassThreeD.Threeclass4.TodayisSeptember10th.It's__________Day.Let'sgoandbuysomeflowersforourteachers.A.TeachersB.Teachers'C.theTeachers'D.Teacher's5.Themarketisn'tfarfromhere.It'sonly_________bicycleride.A.halfanhours'B.halfanhour'sC.halfanhourD.anhourandahalf6.---Whatwouldyouliketodrink,girls?---_________,please.A.TwocupofcoffeeB.TwocupsofcoffeC.TwocupsofcoffeeD.Twocupsofcoffees7.DuringChristmas,peoplegettogetherandsingChristmassongsfor_________.A.funB.wishesC.interestD.thanks8.Some_________areflyingkitesneartheriver.A.childB.boyC.boysD.childs9.Aftertheexam,we'llhave________holiday.A.twoweeksB.two-weeksC.twoweeks'D.twoweek's10.Theyarethose_________bags.Pleaseputthemonthebus.A.visitorB.visitorsC.visitor'sD.visitors'11.---Howmanyworkersarethereinyourfactory?---Therearetwo___________.A.hundredsB.hundredC.hundredofD.hundredsof12.---Whatdoyouthinkofthe_______theMoonlightSonatabyBeethoven?---Itsoundsreallywonderful.A.subjectB.musicC.bookD.animal13.Thereisnotenough_________inthecornerforthefridge.A.placeB.roomC.fieldD.ground14._________esfromsheepandsomepeoplelikeeatingitA.WoolB.PorkC.MuttonD.Milk15.Ifyoudon'ttakemore________,you'llgetfat.A.medicineB.lessonsC.photosD.exercise16.Myschoolisabouttwenty________walkfromhere.A.minuteB.minutes'C.minutes'sD.minutes17.Mum,Ihave_______totellyou!A.agoodnewsB.somegoodnewsC.somegoodnewesD.muchgoodnews18.Whichisthe________tothepostoffice?A.streetB.wayC.roadD.address19.Istayedat________lastSunday.A.myunclesB.myuncles'C.myuncle'sD.myuncle'sfamily20.Maths________noteasytolearn.A.areB.isC.amD.were1-5CBCBB6-10CACCD11-15ABBCD16-20BBBC2.形容詞A“HowcanIlearnEnglishwell?”Thisisaquestionmanystudentsask.Inmyopinion,themosteffectivewayistolearnlessonsbyheart.Ifyoucanrecitethetextandwriteitout,you’velearneditfairlywell.Andifyoucantell,inyourownwords,whatthelessonsaysyou’reaverysuccessfullearnerindeed.YourEnglishwillbequiteperfect.Thisisadifficulttask.However,ifyoutrytolearnbyheartonlypartofeachlesson,you’llfinditnothalfsohardasyoumighthavethought.Learningthisway,youwillmakerapidprogress.Ofcourse,writingisalsonecessary.IthelpsyoualotonourwaytosuccessinEnglish.Equallyimportantistofeelthelanguage.Youshouldbeabletolaughatjokesandbeshockedatbadnews.WhenusingEnglish,trytoforgetyourmothertongue.Insteadofhelpingyou,yourownlanguagegetsinyourway.So,nevertrytoseeEnglishthroughtranslation.1.Inthewriter’sopinion,themosteffectivewayinlearningEnglishis____.A.topractisespeaking,writingandfeelingitB.toforgetyourownnativelanguageC.totranslateeverythingintohisownlanguageD.tomemorizetheEnglishwordsandgrammaticalrules2.“Insteadofhelpingyou,yourownlanguagegetsinyourway.”Thissentencemeansthatmemorizingyourownlanguagecan________.A.helpyoutostudyEnglishwellB.stopyoumasteringEnglishC.makeEnglisheasytolearnD.helpyounoticemistakes3.Equallyimportantistofeelthelanguage.“tofeelthelanguage”heremeans________.A.togetaknowledgeofEnglishbytouchingB.tobeabletoreadandwriteEnglishC.totranslateEnglishintoyourownbyimaginingD.tobeabletoexperiencetherichsensationofthelanguageBWhenwecanseewell,wedonotthinkaboutoureyesoften.Itisonlywhenwecannotseeperfectlythatweetoseehowimportantoureyesare.Peoplewhoarenearsightedcanonlyseethingsthatareveryclosetotheireyes.Manypeoplewhodoalotofclosework,suchaswritingandreading,beenearsighted.Thentheyhavetowearglassesinordertoseedistantthingsclearly.Peoplewhoarefarsightedfacejusttheoppositeproblem.Theycanseethingsthatarefaraway,buttheyhavedifficultyreadingabookunlesstheyholditatarm’slength.Iftheywanttodomuchreading,theymustgetglassestoo.Otherpeopledonotseeclearlybecausetheireyesarenotexactlytherightshape.This,too,canbecorrectedbyglasses.Somepeople’seyesbeecloudybecauseofcataracts.Longagothesepeopleoftenbecameblind.Now,however,itispossibletooperateonthecataractsandremovethem.Whennightfalls,colorsbeefaintertotheeyesandfinallydisappear.Afteryoureyeshavegrownusedtothedark,youcanseebetterifyouusethesideofyoureyesratherthanthecenters.Sometimes,afterdark,youseeasmallthingtoonesideofyou,whichseemstodisappearifyouturnyourheadinitsdirection.Thisisbecausewhenyouturnyourhead,youarelooking?atthethingtoodirectly.Menonguarddutysometimesthinktheyseesomethingmovingtoonesideofthem.Whentheyturntolookstraightatit,theycannotseeitanymore,andtheybelievetheyweremistaken.However,thismistakehappensbecausethecenteroftheeye,whichisverysensitiveindaylight,isnotassensitiveasthesidesoftheeyeafterdark.1.Wedon’tknowthatoureyesareofgreatimportanceuntil________.A.wethinkaboutoureyesB.wecannotseeclearlyC.wewearglassesD.wehavetodomuchreading2.Accordingtothepassage,a________ismorelikelytobenearsighted.A.tailorB.doctorC.guardD.painter3.Peoplewhoarefarsighted________.A.cannotdoalotofcloseworkwithoutglassesB.canonlyseethingsthatareveryclosetotheireyesC.havedifficultyreadingabookiftheyholditatarm’slengthD.havethesameproblemasthenearsightedpeople4.Toseeasmallthingatnight,itisbettertolook________.A.withwideopeneyesB.withhalfshutornarrowedeyesC.straightatitD.inaslightlydifferentdirectionCTreesareusefultomaninthreeimportantways:theygivehimwoodandotherusefulthings,theygivehimcoolplaces,andtheyhelptostopdroughtandflood.Unluckily,inmanypartsoftheworld,manhasnotfoundthatthethirdofthesepointsisthemostimportant.Manwantstomakemoneyfromtrees,sohehascutthemdowninlargenumbers,onlytofindthatwithoutthemhehaslostthebestfriendshehad.Andalso,heisusuallytoocarelesstoplantandlookafternewtrees.Sotheforestsslowlydisappear.Thisdoesnotonlymeanthatmanwillhavefewertrees.Theresultsareevenworse:forwheretherearetrees,theirrootsbreakupsoil-maketherainin-andalsobindthesoil,thusstoppingitfrombeingwashedawayeasily;butwheretherearenotrees,therainfallsonhardgroundandflowsaway,causingfloodsandcarryingawaytherichtop-soil.Whenallthetop-soilisgone,nothingisleftbutuselessdesert.1.Themostimportantpointsoftreestomanis________.A.theyhelphimtomakemoneyB.theygivehimcoolC.theygivehimwoodandotherthingsD.theyhelphimtostopdroughtandfloods2.Inmanyplacesforestsslowlydisappearbecause________.A.manytreeshavebeencutdownbymanB.newtreesarenotwelllookedafterC.manhasnotpaidenoughattentiontoplantingtreesD.alltheabove3.Landbeesdesertafteralltreesarecutdownbecause____A.rootsoftreesbreakupthesoilB.therearetoomanyrainfallsC.strongwindsbringalotofsandD.therearenolongertreestokeeptherainandprotectthetop-soil.4.Whichtitlebestfitsthepassage?A.TreesandManB.TheFunctionofTreeWoodC.HowdoPeopledowithTrees?D.TheUsageofTreeRoots英語(yǔ)完形填空練習(xí)Thesedaysputergameshavebeemoreandmorepopularinmanycitiesandtowns.Alotofsmallshopsalongbusy_1_havechangedintoputergamehousesinordertogetmore__2___.Theseplacesarealwayscrowdedwithpeople.Intheputergamehouses,people3alotofmoneymatchingonthemachines,It's4foronetobeataputer,butonecandowellaftertryingagainandagain.Peoplewantto5whentheyplayputergames.Themorethey6,themoretheywanttowin,andatlasttheyevencan't7withoutit.Theresultisthatsomepeopledon'twantto