同濟(jì)大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)模擬試卷11

同濟(jì)大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)模擬試卷11

一、詞匯（本題共30題，每題7.0分，共30分。）

1、Beforeturningtowriting,Ispenteightyearsasalawyerabouthowlifewould

bewithaprominentfatherblazingmytrail.

A、fantasizing

B、fascinating

C、facilitating

D、finalizing

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：fantasize意為“想象,幻想”,fascinate意為“使著迷”,facilitate意為

“幫助，促進(jìn)“，finalize意為“使結(jié)束，使完結(jié)”。只有選項(xiàng)A可以與about連用，且

與題意符合。故正確答案為A。

2、Accordingtoacrosstherelevantresearchcommunity,thepublishedattack

representsanextremepositioninitsdemandsforproof.

ANsoundings

B、echoes

C^sonarsystems

D^reflections

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是：soundings聲響，意見(jiàn)調(diào)查；echoes回聲，

反響；sonarsystems聲吶系統(tǒng)；reflections反射，見(jiàn)解?？崭裉幩谖淖值囊馑?/p>

是：根據(jù)相關(guān)研究團(tuán)體口勺反應(yīng)。根據(jù)句子意思推出止確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

3、Thefloorofhisstudywasoccupiedbyamassofbooksandpapers.

A、callous

B、hectic

C^chaotic

D、cute

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：c

知識(shí)點(diǎn)露析：本題是說(shuō)也書(shū)房的地板亂糟糟地堆滿了書(shū)和報(bào)紙。C項(xiàng)chaotic"混亂

的，無(wú)秩序的“符合題意，如：Afterascriesairraid,thetrafficinthecapitalwas

chaolic.（在敵人連續(xù)空襲后，首都的交通糟透了。）其他三項(xiàng)callous“無(wú)情的，冷

淡的“，hectic”興奮的，狂熱的“，cute“可愛(ài)的”都不正確。

4、Marycouldinviteherfriendstothehouseatherownifshetoldhermotherin

time.

A、prudence

discretion

C、reaction

D、exertion

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：（discretion斟酌決定的自由，處理權(quán)限）。句意為：如果瑪麗及時(shí)告訴

母親，她可以自行邀請(qǐng)朋友到那個(gè)房子里去。A.prudence慎重；C.reactionx

應(yīng)；D.exertion盡力。

5、Ihebrightflowersandwarmwindsthatspringhadcome.

A、threatened

announced

C、stated

D、pronounced

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題是說(shuō)，明艷的花朵和和煦的風(fēng)預(yù)示著春天已經(jīng)來(lái)了。B項(xiàng)

“announcevt.（本義或比喻）宣告，宣布；預(yù)示''符合題意。其他三項(xiàng)中，ihreaten

vt.“預(yù)示，是……的征兆''（一般指壞的情況即將到來(lái)）；statevt.”陳述，說(shuō)明”；

pronouncevt.”發(fā)音；宣布，宣判''都與題意不符。

6、Themunicipalplanningcommissionsaidthattheirfinancialoutlookforthenextyear

wasoptimistic.Theyexpectincreasedtax.

privileges

B、efficiency

C、revenues

D、validity

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：C選項(xiàng)：“revenues收入，國(guó)家的收入，稅收”符合題意。其他三項(xiàng)

中，A選項(xiàng):privileges特權(quán),特別待遇，基本公民權(quán)力，B選項(xiàng)：efficiency效

率，功效，D選項(xiàng)：validily有效性，合法性，正確性，都與題意不符。本題是說(shuō)

市政計(jì)劃委員會(huì)說(shuō)他們下一年度的財(cái)政前景是樂(lè)觀的。他們期望提高稅收。

7、Hecutthestringandheldupthetwototiethebox.

A、segments

B、sediments

C^seizures

D、secretes

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:segment段、節(jié)，sediment沉淀物，seizure抓住，奪取，secrete穩(wěn)

藏。

8、AHthemusicinstrumentsintheorchestrawillbebeforeitstarts.

A、civilized

chattered

C、chambered

D、chorded

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:chord調(diào)（樂(lè)器的）弦，civilize使開(kāi)化，chatter喋喋不休地談,chamber

把……關(guān)在房間里。

9、Theneedtoseethatjusticeisdoneeverydecisionmadeinthecourts.

A、implantsinto

imposeson

C^impingesupon

D、imprecatesupon

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析?：此題的意思是人們希望看到正義被伸張的需要影響著法庭的每一項(xiàng)決

定。在這里impingeon的意思就不是打擊，侵犯的意思了，而是影響的意思。

impkintinto灌輸，牢固樹(shù)立；imposeon強(qiáng)加，征收（稅）：imprecaleupon詛

咒，祈求降（禍）給某人。

10、Thecharacterarmorconsistsofdefensivecharactertraits,likearroganceor

apprchcnsivcncss,thatdevelopedinchildhoodtopainfulfeelings.

A、turnaside

B、wardoff

C、breadup

D、watchover

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：lurnaside避開(kāi)，轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)臉，使轉(zhuǎn)變方向；wardoff擋開(kāi)，避開(kāi)，盡力避

免；breadup無(wú)此用法，bread只能用作名詞；watchover看守，監(jiān)督。

11、Whenaskediftherewereanycircumstancesunderwhichtheywoulddeclarewar,he

dismissedsuchquestionsaspurelyhypothetical.

A、imaginary

pessimistic

C、inevitable

D、ironical

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：這句話的意思是：當(dāng)被問(wèn)及是否會(huì)發(fā)動(dòng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，他不考慮這樣的問(wèn)題：

認(rèn)為那是純粹的---o在給出的選項(xiàng)中，imaginary?，想象的，虛構(gòu)的”；

pessimistic“悲觀的"；inevitable”不可避免的“；ironical"諷刺的”。根據(jù)題意，只有

A項(xiàng)能夠替換劃線部分詞語(yǔ)。因此本題答案為A。

12、Hewasinextremestateofdistressanddepressionwhenheknewthathe

hadlungcancer.

A^extracted

B、contracted

C、abstracted

D、attracted

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：各項(xiàng)的意思是：contractadisease“患病”；extract"（費(fèi)力地）拔出。抽

出；提?。徽コ鰁xtract…from…“從……中提取''；abstract“提取，抽??；做….

的摘要attract”吸引，引起……的注意根據(jù)句意判斷，答案為B。

13、Wefinishthischapterbygivingyouexamplesofnutritious,wellbalancedeasy

meals.Thesearenotatalloriginalorbutarebasedontheordinarythingsthat

mostpeopletendtoeat.

A、exotic

B、majestic

C^weird

D、provincial

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

14、Themountainousareasofthecountryarepopulated.

A、infrequently

B、sparsely

C、slightly

D、loosely

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題意為“這個(gè)國(guó)家的山區(qū)人口稀少”，B項(xiàng)的"sparsely稀少地”符合

題意。其他三項(xiàng)“infrequently很少發(fā)生地；slightly少量地；loosely初散地”都不正

確。

15、Althoughtherearemorefemalestudentsatthecollegethanmalestudents,the

womenseemtohaveainfluenceonthestudentgovernment.

A^tremendous

B、negligible

C、provocative

D^venerable

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案；B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：（negligible微不足道的）。句意為：盡管該院的女生比男生多，但是女

生對(duì)學(xué)生自治機(jī)構(gòu)的影響微不足道。A.tremendous巨大的：C.provocative挑釁

的；D.venerable可尊敬的。

16、Thisstateresearchprogramismadeupoftwofunds,couldlastfortwo

years.

A^thelargerone

B、thelargerofwhich

C、thelargestone

D、thelargestofwhich

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格處意為兩項(xiàng)基金中多的那項(xiàng)可持續(xù)兩年。兩項(xiàng)基金之間進(jìn)行比

較，用比較級(jí)；從句由which引導(dǎo)。因此B項(xiàng)正確。

17、SpringtimedisplaysoffruitblossomsintheShenandoahValleythousands

oftouristseachyear.

A^attract

B、delight

C、console

D、inspire

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

18、springsnotoutoftrueanddeepadmiration,butmoreoftenoutofaself-seeking

wishtoidentifywithsomeoneimportantorfamous.

A、Acompliment

Anadulatory

C^Flattery

D、Praise

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析?：木句的意思是“奉承話并非出自真誠(chéng)的、深刻的仰慕，更多情況下是

出自一種利己主義的期望，期望自己被某個(gè)重要人物或名人認(rèn)同”。flattery意為“奉

承話，諂媚的舉動(dòng)”，是貶義詞。compliment”稱贊，褒揚(yáng)，褒義詞"；adulatory4餡

媚的，吹捧的“；praise"贊揚(yáng)，歌頌”都與句意不符，因此只有C項(xiàng)為正確答案。

19、Researchhasproducedmanynewthatwillbeusedinthemanufactureofa

varietyofgoods.

A^hypotheses

B、summaries

C、synthetics

D^emphasize

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案；C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：synthetics合成物;hypotheses假設(shè)，假說(shuō)；summary總結(jié)；emphasize

強(qiáng)調(diào)。句意：通過(guò)研究已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生了許多化學(xué)合成物，以用于將來(lái)加工制造各種實(shí)

物。

20、Thebookmightwellhavehaditbeenlessexpensive.

A、workedout

B、gonethrough

C、caughton

D、fittedin

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:C項(xiàng)“catchon變得流行“，如ItisanicesongandIthinkitwillcatchon

quickly（這首歌很好，我想它會(huì)很快流行起來(lái)），根據(jù)句意：如果這書(shū)便宜一些，可

能會(huì)妥得很流行，故選C。A項(xiàng)的workout可以解決，計(jì)算出，想出；B項(xiàng)的go

through經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)受；D項(xiàng)的6tin適應(yīng)，適合”，均不符合題意。

21、Canyouimagine!Heofferedme$5000tobreakmycontract.That5s.Of

courseIdidn'tagree.Iwouldtakelegalaction.

A、fraud

B>blackmail

C、bribery

D、compensation

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：fraud欺騙，欺詐；blackmail勒索：bribery賄賂；compensation補(bǔ)

償，賠償。句意；你能想象么!他提出給我五千美元來(lái)違約，這是種賄賂行為，我

要采取法律手段。

22、Laura,whocomesfromawealthyfamily,spendsmostofhertimeenjoyingherself,

buttakespainswithherlessons.

A、little

B、few

C^alittle

D、afew

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:pains復(fù)數(shù)形式表示“辛苦,努力“，是不可數(shù)名詞。takepains盡力,

耐心；takelittlepains不努力。本題空格處是說(shuō)在功課上不努力。因此A項(xiàng)為正確

答案。

23、Hewaswhenheheardtheunexpectednews,butIfinallyconvincedhim.

A、incredible

inevitable

C^incredulous

D^indifferent

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案.C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)露析：暫無(wú)解析

24、Itwasanallusiontowhatthescientistthoughtwasaninappropriatedistributionof

fundsforstemcellresearch.

A、reference

contradiction

C、explanation

D、rejection

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

25、We'rebymosquitoesuphereinthenorthinsummer.

A^infested

B>infected

C、swarmed

D^plagued

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：（plague折磨）。句意為：夏天，我們經(jīng)常受到北方蚊子的折磨。

A.infest害蟲(chóng)、盜賊大批出沒(méi)于（某地），侵?jǐn)_；B.infect傳染；C.swarm擠滿。

26、Nomatterwhathesaidtoyou,hismannershowedanthathedidnot

actuallyagreewiththeproposal.

Axobjection

B、implication

C、enlightenment

D、approach

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：implicalion暗示，暗指；objeclion不贊成，反對(duì)；enlighlenmenl啟

迪，教化；叩proach方法，步驟。

27、Helplesslysheblinkedupathim,feelingaslowlethargycreepthroughherwhole

body.

A、provision

cylinder

C、contradiction

D、exhaustion

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：A.provision供應(yīng)，規(guī)定B.cylinder圓筒，圓柱體。C.contradiction

反駁,矛盾。D.exhaustion疲憊,精疲力竭。

28、Psychoanalyststendtoregardbothandmasochismasarisingfromchildhood

deprivation.

A、attachment

B、distinction

C、ingenuity

D、sadism

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:本題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,attachment意為“附屬（物）；愛(ài)慕，依戀：忠

誠(chéng)”；distinction意為“區(qū)別，分清"；ingenuity意為“獨(dú)創(chuàng)性，精巧，靈活性”；

sadism意為“虐待狂，病態(tài)的殘忍”。句意是，心理分析學(xué)家往往把虐待狂和受虐狂

看做是童年剝奪感的結(jié)果。所以正確答案是D項(xiàng)。

29>ThoughIhadtriedtoexplainitasclearlyaspossible,myexplanationseemednot

to.

A、getup

B、getalong

C、getacross

D、getdown

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：gelacross通過(guò)，被理解。getup起床。gelalong相處，進(jìn)展，有起

色。getdown吞下，使沮喪。

30、Thefalsebanknotesfooledmanypeople,buttheydidnottoclose

examination.

A、putup

B、keepup

C、standup

D、lookup

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是：putup舉起，增加；keepup（使）不倒下，跟

上，維修；standupio對(duì)抗，站得住腳；lookup向上看，抬頭春，查找。句意是，

盡管假鈔迷惑了許多人，但是它們禁不起仔細(xì)的檢查。

二、閱讀理解（本題共127題，每題1.0分，共127

分。）

Suicideterrorismisthereadinesstosacrificeone'slifeintheprocessofdestroyingor

attemptingtodestroyatargettoadvanceapoliticalgoal.Theaimofthepsychologically

andphysicallywar-trainedterrorististodiewhiledestroyingtheenemytarget.Inthe

1980ssuicideterrorismwaswitnessedinLebanon,KuwaitandSriLanka.Inthe1990sit

hadspreadtoIsrael,India,Panama,Algeria,Pakistan,Argentina,Croatia,Turkey,

TanzaniaandKenya.Withenhancedmigrationofterroristgroupsfromconflict-ridden

countries,theformationofextensiveinternationalterroristinfrastructuresandthe

increasedreachofterroristgroupsinthepostColdWarperiod,suicideterrorismislikely

toaffectWesternEuropeandNorthAmericaintheforeseeablefuture.Therearenov/10

religiousandsecularterroristgroupsthatarecapableofusingsuicideterrorismasatactic

againsttheirgovernmentsand/orforeigngovernments.Theyare:theIslamResistance

MovementandthePalestinianIslamicJihadoftheIsraelioccupiedterritories;Hizbullah

ofLebanon;theEgyptianIslamicJihadandGamayaIslamiyaofEgypt;theArmed

IslamicGroupofAlgeria:BarbarKhalsaInternationalofIndia;theLiberationTigersof

TamilEelamofSriLanka;theKurdistanWorker'sPartyofTurkey;andtheOsamabin

LadennetworkofAfghanistan.Therewerealsofourpro-Syrian,LebaneseandSyrian

politicalparliesengagedinsuicideterrorisminthe1980s,buttheyarecurrentlyinactive

intheterroristfront.Thesegroupsstagedaround25suicideattacksinLebanon.Asmore

thanonegroupclaimedsomeoftheattacks,perhapstodiffusethethreattothegroup,it

isdifficulttoidentifythegroupresponsible.Thegroupsengagedinsuicideoperationsin

LebanonalongsideHizbullahweretheNatzersitSocialistPartyofSyria;theSyrian

NationalistParty;theLebaneseCommunistParty;andtheBaathPartyofLebanon.There

aretwotypesofsuicideoperations:battlefieldandoffthebattlefield.Inbattlefield

operations,suicidebombersareintegratedintotheattackinggroups.Mostoff-the-

battlefieldoperationshaveinvolvedsinglesuicidebombers.InthecaseoftheLTTEand

Hamas,therehavebeenmultiplesuicidebombers.Thetargetshavebeenstaticand

mobile,againstinfrastructureandhumans.Suicidebombershavedestroyedmilitary,

political,economicandculturalinfrastructure.Theyhavecommittedterroristattacksby

killingciviliansinbuses,crowdedplacesandinbuildings.Suicidebombershavealso

assassinatedpoliticalandmilitaryVIPs.(386words)

31、Whatisthefunctionofthefirstsentence?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第一句是對(duì)suicideterrorism名稱的解釋，在寫(xiě)作手法上稱之為“定義

法”。

32、Wheredid"suicideterrorism"firstappear?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：從第二段第一句可以看出，在80年代第一批出現(xiàn)人肉彈的三個(gè)國(guó)家

里，只有Kuwait在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)里有，故選C。

33、Whatdoes"tactic"(Line2,Para.3)paragraphmean?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：tactic和strategy都是“策略”之意。

34、Whatcanweconcludeaboutthefourpro-Syrian,LebaneseandSyrianpolitical

parties?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：參考第四段第一句的后半部分：他們目前沒(méi)有在恐怖戰(zhàn)線上活動(dòng)。

35Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：batllefiekl與offihebattlefield的區(qū)別在于前者統(tǒng)一活動(dòng)，后者則單獨(dú)

活動(dòng)。由于LTTE和Hamas緊跟在offthebattlefield解釋之后，我們認(rèn)為答案是

Co

Everyprofessionortrade,everyart,andeverysciencehasitstechnicalvocabulary,the

functionofwhichispartlytodesignatethingsorprocesseswhichhavenonamesin

ordinaryEnglish,andpartlytosecuregreaterexactnessinnomenclature.Suchspecial

dialects,orjargons,arenecessaryintechnicaldiscussionofanykind.Beinguniversally

understoodbyihedevoteesoftheparticularscienceorart,theyhavetheprecisionofa

mathematicalformula.Besides,theysavetime,foritismuchmoreeconomicaltonamea

processthantodescribeit.Thousandsofthesetechnicaltermsareveryproperlyinevery

largedictionary,yet,asawhole,theyareratherontheoutskirtsoftheEnglishlanguage

thanactuallywithinitsborders.Differentoccupations,however,differwidelyinthe

characteroftheirspecialvocabularies.Intradesandhandicrafts,andothervocations,like

farmingandfishery,thathaveoccupiedgreatnumbersofmenfromremotetimes,the

technicalvocabulary,isveryold.Itconsistslargelyofnativewords,orofborrowed

wordsthathaveworkedthemselvesintotheveryfibreofourlanguage.Hence,though

highlytechnicalinmanyparticulars,thesevocabulariesaremorefamiliarinsound;and

moregenerallyunderstood,thanmostothertechnicalities.Thespecialdialectsoflaw.

medicine,divinity,andphilosophyhavealso,intheirolderstrata,becomeprettyfamiliar

tocultivatedpcrsons,andhavecontributedmuchtothepopularvocabulary.Yetevery

vocationstillpossessesalargebodyoftechnicaltermsthatremainessentiallyforeign,

eventoeducatedspeech.Andtheproportionhasbeenmuchincreasedinthelastfifty

years,particularlyinthevariousdepartmentsofnaturalandpoliticalscienceandinthe

mechanicarts.Herenewtermsarecoinedwiththegreatestfreedom,andabandonedwith

indifferencewhentheyhaveservedtheirturn.Mostofthenewcoinagesareconfinedto

specialdiscussions,andseldomgetintogeneralliteratureorconversation.Yetno

professionisnowadays,asallprofessionsoncewere,acloseguild.Thelawyer,the

physician,themanofscience,thedivine,associatesfreelywithhisfcllow-crcatures,and

doesnotmeettheminamerelyprofessionalway.Furthermore,whatiscalled"popular

science"makeseverybodyacquaintedwithmodemviewsandrecentdiscoveries.Any

importantexperiment,thoughmadeinaremoteorprovinciallaboratory,isatonce

reportedinthenewspapers,andeverybodyissoontalkingaboutit—asinthecaseofthe

Roentgenraysandwirelesstelegraphy.Thusourcommonspeechisalwaystakingup

newtechnicaltermsandmakingthemcommonplace.(417words)

36、Thispassageisprimarilyconcernedwith.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章第一旬就點(diǎn)了“技術(shù)術(shù)語(yǔ)”，所以文章的主題就是“專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)

37、Specialwordsusedintechnicaldiscussion.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章最后一句提到“我們的普通語(yǔ)言總是在不斷地采納新術(shù)語(yǔ)，并使

它們成為普通語(yǔ)言”，這與選項(xiàng)A”成為普通語(yǔ)言的一部分“相符。

38、Itistruethat.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：參考最后一段倒數(shù)第二句。

39、WhichofthefollowinghasNOTbeendiscussedinthepassage?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析?：第三段第一和第二句：新術(shù)語(yǔ)一旦完成它們的臨時(shí)需要，就會(huì)被人們

無(wú)情地拋棄，很少能進(jìn)入一般文獻(xiàn)或R常對(duì)話當(dāng)中.

40、Theauthor'smainpurposeinthepassageisto.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：全文從頭至尾都在講述技術(shù)術(shù)語(yǔ)的情況，故選A”描述一個(gè)現(xiàn)象”。

Overthepasttwodecades,teenagechildbearingintheUnitedStates—asmeasuredby

thenumberofbirthstoteenagers-hasdecreasedconsiderably.Thenumberofteenbirths

declined19%between1970and1990from656000to533000.Thisdownwardtrer.d,

however,masksthefactthatbirthstomarriedandtounmarriedteenshavebeenmoving

inoppositedirections.Birthstomarriedteensdeclinedby62%from457000in1970to

173000in1990,whilebirthstounmarriedteensoverthisperiodincreasedby80%from

200000to361000.Asaconsequenceofthesedivergentends,theproportionofteen

birthstounmarriedwomenrosefrom30to68%between1970and1990.Americans

generallyarenotdispassionateaboutteenageout-ofwedlockchildbearing.Forsome,

concernsarerootedmainlyinmoralorreligiousbeliefs.Othersaretroubledbecause

singleparenthoodseemstotriggertheonsetofdifficuhsocialandeconomic

circumstances.Indeed,alonglineofacademicresearchhasdocumentedstrong

associationsbetweennonmaritalteenagechildbearingandlowlevelsofcompletec

schooling,earnings,andfamilyincome,increasedlikelihoodsofbeingpoororon

welfare,andfuturemaritalinstability.Firstmarriagebehaviorisonedimensionofa

singleteenagewoman'sfutureliftcircumstanceswhoseconnectiontochildbearinghas

notbeenexploredindepth.Theobjectiveofthisstudyistohelpfillthisgapinthe

literature.Itseemsreasonabletohypothesizethatout-of-wedlockchildbearinginfluences

awoman'slikelihoodofmarriage.Whetherornottheywerebornoutsideofmarriage

childrenmaybeperceivedbyprospectivehusbandsasafinancialandemotionalburden;

theyalsomaylimitawomansabilitytosearchforamarriagepartnerorpossiblyreduce

herinterestinfindingsuchapartner,especiallyinlightofrulesgoverningeligibilityfor

AFDC(AidtoFamilieswithDependentChildren).Insofarassocialstigmaisassociated

with"illegitimacy",thepresenceofsuchchildrenmaybeexpectedtodiminishanunwed

mother'smarriageprospects.Ontheotherhand,thepresenceofchildrenmightincreasea

womansdesirabilitytoprospectivehusbandswhoareattractedbyinstantparenthood,or

byparenthoodofnoninfantchildrenoroftheirownbiologicalchildren.Also,anunwed

motherinterestedinattractingahusbandmightbewillingtogotogreaterlengthstofind

aspouseortomakeherselfattractiveasaspouse,therebyincreasingherlikelihoodof

marriage.Insofarassomeofthesemechanismssuggestanegativeeffectofout-of-

wedlockchildbearingonmarriage,whileotherssuggestapositiveeffect.Theoverall

effectisverymuchanempiricalissue.(424words)

41Overthepasttwodecades,teenagechildbearingintheUnitedStatesexperienceda

downwardtrend,andbirthstounmarriedteensbetween1970and1990.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：參考第一段，已婚少女生育率從1970—1990由457000減少到173

000,下降了62%；而夫婚少女生育率則由200000增加到361000,上升了

80%o未婚少女生育率比例由30%上升了68%。

42、Generallyspeaking,theattitudetowardsteenageout-of-wedlockchildbearingis

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：在文章的第二段第一句中有否定詞和否定前綴dis。兩個(gè)否定就是肯

定，故選C。

43Accordingtothepassage,theinfluenceofteenageout-of-wedlockchildbearing

excludes.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：D與第二段最后一句“增加未來(lái)婚姻的不穩(wěn)定”相反，故選D。

44>Theprobabletitleforthepassageis.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章第一段講到20年內(nèi)美國(guó)私生子的數(shù)量劇增，第二段談到社會(huì)對(duì)

私生子的態(tài)度以及研究結(jié)果，第三段講私生子對(duì)母親再婚的影響，所以全文都在講

未婚生子問(wèn)題，故選D,

45、Whatseemstobethebiggestproblemwithanunwedteenagerwithchildren?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第二段后半部分和第三段都是在敘說(shuō)未婚生子的母親日后要面臨的困

難，由于談?wù)撍齻冊(cè)倩榈睦щy所占的篇幅大，故選A。

Placingahumanbeingbehindthewheelofanautomobileoftenhasthesamecurious

effectascuttingcertainfibersinthebrain.Theresultineithercaseismoreprimitive

behavior.Hostilefeelingsareapttobeexpressedinanaggressiveway.Thesameman

whowillstepasideforastrangeratadoorwaywill,whenbehindthewheel,riskan

accidenttryingtobeatanothermotoristthroughanintersection.Theimportanceof

emotionalfactorsinautomobileaccidentsisgainingrecognition.Doctorsandother

scientistshaveconcludedthatthehighwaydeathtollresemblesadiseaseepidemicand

shouldbeinvestigatedassuch.Dr.RossA.Mcfarland,AssociateProfessorofIndustrial

HygieneattheHarvardUniversitySchoolofPublicHealth,saidthataccidents"now

constituteagreaterthreattothesafetyoflargesegmentsofthepopulationthandiseases

do."Accidentsaretheleadingcauseofdeathbetweentheagesof1and35.Aboutone

thirdofallaccidentaldeathsandoneseventhofallaccidentalinjuriesarccausedby

motorvehicles.Basedonthepresentrateofvehicleregistration,unlesstheaccidentrate

iscutinhalf,oneofevery10personsinthecountrywillbekilledorinjuredinatraffic

accidentinthenext15years.Researchtofindtheunderlyingcausesofaccidentsandto

developwaystodetectdriverswhoareapttocausethemisbeingconductedat

universitiesandmedicalcenters.Herearesomeoftheirfindingssofar:Amandrivesas

helives.Ifheisoftenintroublewithcollectionagencies,thecourts,andpolice,chances

arehewillhaverepeatedautomobileaccidents.Accidentrepeatersusuallyareegocentric,

cxhibitionistic,resentfulofauthority,impulsive,andlackinginsocialresponsibility.Asa

group,theycanbeclassifiedasborderlinepsychopathicpersonalities,accordingtoDr.

McFarland.Thesuspicion,however,thataccidentrepeaterscouldbedetectedinadvance

byscreeningoutpersonswithmorehostileimpulsesisfalse.AstudyattheUniversityof

Coloradoshowedthattherewerejustasmanyoverlyhostilepersonsamongthosewho

hadnoaccidentsasamongthosewithrepeatedaccidents.

46、Theauthorbelievesthat,behindthewheelofanautomobile,somepeopleact

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

47、Doctorsandotherscientistshaveconcludedthat.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

48、Dr.McFarlandemphasizesthegreatmenaceofaccidentsbycomparingitto

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

49>Accordingtothearticle,accidentsaretheleadingcauseoffatalitiesamongpeople

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

50>Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue,accordingtothearticle?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案；B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

51、Accordingtothisarticle,studiesatleadinguniversitieshaveshownthataccident

repeaters.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

Thesedayswehearalotofnonsenseaboutthe"greatclasslesssociety".Theidealthat

thetwentiethcenturyistheageofthecommonmanhasbecomeoneofthegreatcliches

ofourtime.Thesameoldargumentsareputforwardinevidence.Herearesomeofthem:

monarchyasasystemofgovernmenthasbeencompletelydiscredited.Themonarchies

thatsurvivehavebeendeprivedofallpoliticalpower.Inheritedwealthhasbeensavagely

reducedbytaxationand,intime,thegreatfortuneswilldisappearaltogether.Inanumber

ofcountriesthevictoryhasbeencomplete.Thepeoplerule;thegreatmillenniumhas

becomeapoliticalreality.Buthasit?Closeexaminationdoesn'lbearouttheclaim.Itisa

fallacytosupposethatallmenareequalandthatsocietywillbeleveledoutifyou

provideeverybodywiththesameeducationalopportunities.(Itisdebatablewhetheryou

caneverprovideeveryonewiththesameeducationalopportunities,butthatisanother

question.)The/'actisthatnaturedispensesbrainsandabilitywithatotaldisregardforthe

principleofequality.Theoldrulesofthejungle,"survivalofthefittest",and"mightis

right"arestillwithus.Thespreadofeducationhasdestroyedtheoldclasssystemand

createdanewone.Rewardsarebasedonmerit.For"aristocracy"read"meritocracy";in

otherrespects,societyremainsunaltered:theclasssystemisrigidlymaintained.Genuine

ability,animalcunning,skill,theknackofseizingopportunities,allbringmaterial

rewards.Andwhatisthefirstthingpeopledowhentheybecomerich?Theyuseiheir

wealthtosecurethebestpossibleopportunitiesfortheirchildren,togivethemagood

startinlife.Forallthelipservicewepaytotheideaofequality,wedonotconsiderthis

wronginthewesternworld.Privateschoolswhichofferaffairadvantagesoverstate

schoolsarenotbannedbecauseoneoftheprinciplesinademocracyisthatpeopleshould

befreetochoosehowtheywilleducatetheirchildren.Inthisway,thenewmeritocracy

canperpetuateitselftoacertainextent:anablechildfromawealthyhomecansucceed

farmorerapidlythanhispoorercounterpart.Wealthisalsousedindiscriminatelyto

furtherpoliticalends.Itwouldbealmostimpossibletobecometheleaderofademocracy

withoutmassivefinancialbacking.Moneyisaspowerfulaweaponaseveritwas.In

societieswhollydedicatedtotheprincipleofsocialequality,privilegedprivateeducation

isforbidden.Butevenherepeoplearerewardedaccordingtotheirabilities.Infact,so

greatistheneedfbrskilledworkersthattheleastablemaybeneglected.Brightchildren

arecarefullyandexpensivelytrainedtobecomefuturerulers.Intheend,allpolitical

ideologiesboildowntothesamething:classdivisionspersistwhetheryouareruledbya

feudalkingoraneducatedpeasant.

52、Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章一開(kāi)始就對(duì)無(wú)階級(jí)社會(huì)的論點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了反駁。第2段社會(huì)依然，階

級(jí)確實(shí)存在。三、四兩段集中論述了金錢的作用。因此答案A“20世紀(jì)平等的機(jī)遇

并沒(méi)有摧毀階級(jí)''是正確的。

53、Accordingtotheauthor,thesameeducationalopportunitiescan'tgetridof

inequalitybecause.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章第2段：自然界在分賦人類智慧和能力時(shí)是不會(huì)顧及平等的。與

B選項(xiàng)相符。A.適者生存的原則存在。C.物質(zhì)報(bào)酬是根據(jù)人的真正能力。D.人

們有自由選擇如何教育芻己的孩子。

54、Whocanobtainmorerapidsuccess?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章第3段：一個(gè)來(lái)自富有家庭的有能力的孩子要比其對(duì)立面獲得成

功要快得多得多。因此能夠更快地獲得成功的人應(yīng)該是有錢的人。故A選項(xiàng)正

確。

55、Whydoestheauthorsaythenewmeritocracycanperpetuateitselftoacertain

extent?Because.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)上一題所涉及的部分：新的英才教育在一定程度上永存是因?yàn)橛?/p>

了錢才能為孩子創(chuàng)造機(jī)會(huì)獲得成功。所以金錢決定一切，A選項(xiàng)正確。B“私立學(xué)

校提供的優(yōu)越性高于公立學(xué)?！保ìF(xiàn)象不是原因）。C?人們有自由選擇教育孩子的方

式方法D”財(cái)富用力政治目的”（說(shuō)明了金錢決定一切）。

56、Accordingtotheauthor,Hclassdivisions1*refersto.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)全文的內(nèi)容可以得出：作者認(rèn)為無(wú)階級(jí)社會(huì)和人人平等并不存

在，金錢的作用不僅可以培育有能力的人，而且還是政治的后盾。階級(jí)的劃分指的

就是富人和窮人。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

Tensofthousandsofretireesarepullingupstakesinsuburbanareasandfashioningtheir

ownretirementcommunitiesintheheartofthebustlingcity.Theyarelookingforwhat

mostolderpeoplewant:ahomewithnostairsandlowcrimerates.Andtheyarewilling

toexchangeregularweeklygolftimeforrichculturalofferings,youngneighborsand

plentyofgoodrestaurants.Spyinganopportunity,majorreal-estatedevelopershave

brokengroundonurbansitestheyintendedtomarkettosuburbanretirees.Theseseniors

arealreadychangingthefaceofbigcities.Onedeveloper,FranMcCarthyasks:"Who

everthoughtthatsuburbanflightwouldberoundtrip?'Thetrickleofolderfolks

returningtothecityhasgrownintoasteadystream.Whilesomecities,especiallythose

withfewculturalofferings,haveseenanexodusofseniors,urbanplannerssayothers

havebecomeretireesmagnets.Between1999and2000,thepopulationof64-to-75-year-

oldsindowntownChicagorose17pciccnl.Austin,NewOilcans,andLosAngeleshave

seendouble-digitincreasesaswell.Theremaybehiddenhealthbenefitstocityliving.A

studyrevealsthatmovingfromsuburbstothecitycanwardoffthebyproductofaging一

socialisolationInthenextsixyears,downtownsareexpectedtogrowevengrayer.For

affluentretirees,citylifeisanincreasinglypopularoption.

57、Retiredseniorsaremovingbackintothecitybecause.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題目問(wèn)：退休的老人正在返回城市是因?yàn)槭裁?通過(guò)閱讀文章可知，

苦人們希望有更豐富的社會(huì)和文化生活，有年輕的鄰居和許多好餐館。這些愿望揭

示了老人們對(duì)孤獨(dú)感的抗拒。第一段“Theyarewillingtoexchangeregularweeklygolf

timeforrichculturalofferings,youngneighborsandplenty