山東一醫(yī)大神經(jīng)病學(xué)應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)

?醫(yī)學(xué)院校學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)考試?研究生入學(xué)考試

神經(jīng)病學(xué)

S悔MiNq$iNqxUE

應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)

目錄

第一章緒論......................................................................1

【教材精要】..................................................................1

【重點(diǎn)提示】..................................................................1

【測(cè)試題】....................................................................1

一、填空題................................................................1

二、問(wèn)答題................................................................1

【參考答案】..................................................................1

第二章神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病的常見(jiàn)癥狀....................................................3

【教材精要】..................................................................3

一、意識(shí)障礙..............................................................3

二、失語(yǔ)癥、失用癥和失能癥...............................................3

三、智能障礙和遺忘綜合征.................................................4

四、視覺(jué)障礙..............................................................4

五、眼球運(yùn)動(dòng)障礙..........................................................4

六、面肌癱瘓..............................................................5

七、聽(tīng)覺(jué)障礙和眩暈........................................................5

八、延髓麻痹..............................................................6

九、暈厥及癲癇發(fā)作........................................................6

十、軀體感覺(jué)障礙..........................................................7

H-一、癱瘓................................................................7

十二、肌萎縮..............................................................8

十三、步態(tài)異常............................................................8

十四、不自主運(yùn)動(dòng)..........................................................9

十五、共濟(jì)失調(diào)............................................................9

【重點(diǎn)提示】..................................................................9

【測(cè)試題】...................................................................10

一、名詞解釋.............................................................10

二、填空題...............................................................10

三、選擇題...............................................................11

四、問(wèn)答題...............................................................22

【參考答案】.................................................................22

第三章神經(jīng)病學(xué)的臨床方法.......................................................28

【教材精要】.................................................................28

一、病史采集.............................................................28

二、神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)檢查.........................................................28

三、昏迷患者的檢查.......................................................29

四、失語(yǔ)癥、失用癥和失認(rèn)癥檢查..........................................29

【重點(diǎn)提示】.................................................................30

【測(cè)試題】...................................................................30

一、名詞解釋.............................................................30

二、填空題...............................................................30

三、問(wèn)答題..............................................................33

【參考答案】.................................................................34

第四章神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病的輔助診斷方法..............................................36

【教材精要】.................................................................36

一、腦脊液檢查...........................................................36

二、神經(jīng)影像學(xué)檢查.......................................................36

三、神經(jīng)電生理檢查.......................................................37

四、頭頸部血管超聲檢查..................................................38

五、放射性同位素檢查....................................................38

六、腦、神經(jīng)和肌肉活組織檢查............................................38

七、分子生物學(xué)診斷技術(shù)..................................................38

【重點(diǎn)提示】.................................................................38

【測(cè)試題】...................................................................39

一、填空題...............................................................39

二、選擇題...............................................................39

三、問(wèn)答題..............................................................45

【參考答案】................................................................45

第五章神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病的診斷原則..................................................48

【教材精要】................................................................48

一、定位診斷.............................................................48

二、定性診斷.............................................................48

【重點(diǎn)提示】................................................................49

【測(cè)試題】...................................................................49

一、名詞解釋.............................................................49

二、填空題..............................................................49

三、選擇題..............................................................49

四、問(wèn)答題...............................................................50

【參考答案】.................................................................50

第六章周?chē)窠?jīng)疾病.............................................................31

【教材精要】.................................................................51

一、概論.................................................................51

二、三叉神經(jīng)痛...........................................................51

三、特發(fā)性面神經(jīng)麻痹....................................................51

四、偏側(cè)面肌痙攣.........................................................51

五、多發(fā)性腦神經(jīng)損害....................................................51

六、單神經(jīng)病及神經(jīng)痛....................................................51

七、多發(fā)性神經(jīng)病.........................................................52

八、急性炎癥性脫髓鞘性多發(fā)性神經(jīng)病......................................53

九、慢性炎癥性脫髓鞘性多發(fā)性神經(jīng)病......................................53

【重點(diǎn)提示】.................................................................54

【測(cè)試題】...................................................................54

一、名詞解釋.............................................................54

二、填空題..............................................................54

三、選擇題..............................................................55

四、問(wèn)答題..............................................................65

【參考答案】.................................................................65

第七章脊髓疾病.................................................................67

【教材精要】.................................................................67

一、概述.................................................................67

二、急性脊髓炎...........................................................68

四、脊髓空洞癥...........................................................69

五、脊髓亞急性聯(lián)合變性..................................................70

六、脊髓血管病...........................................................70

【重點(diǎn)提示】.................................................................71

【測(cè)試題】...................................................................71

一、名詞解釋.............................................................71

二、填空題...............................................................71

三、選擇題...............................................................71

四、問(wèn)答題...............................................................79

【參考答案】.................................................................79

第八章腦血管疾病...............................................................81

【教材精要】.................................................................81

一、概述.................................................................81

二、短暫性腦缺血發(fā)作....................................................82

三、腦血栓形成...........................................................82

四、腔隙性梗死...........................................................85

五、腦栓塞...............................................................85

六、腦出血...............................................................86

七、蛛網(wǎng)膜下腔出血.......................................................88

八、高血壓腦病...........................................................89

九、其他腦動(dòng)脈疾病.......................................................90

十、顱內(nèi)靜脈竇及腦靜脈血檢形成..........................................91

【重點(diǎn)提示】.................................................................91

【測(cè)試題】...................................................................91

一、名詞解釋.............................................................91

二、填空題..............................................................92

三、選擇題..............................................................93

四、問(wèn)答題..............................................................102

【參考答案】................................................................102

第九章中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)感染概論....................................................108

【教材精要】................................................................108

一、概述................................................................108

二、病毒感染性疾病......................................................108

三、阮蛋白病............................................................110

四、艾滋病的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)病變................................................110

五、結(jié)核性腦膜炎........................................................110

六、新型隱球菌腦膜炎....................................................111

七、螺旋體感染性疾病....................................................111

八、腦囊蟲(chóng)病............................................................112

【重點(diǎn)提示】................................................................112

【測(cè)試題】..................................................................112

一、名詞解釋............................................................112

二、填空題..............................................................113

三、選擇題..............................................................113

四、問(wèn)答題..............................................................116

【參考答案】................................................................116

第十章中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)脫髓鞘疾病..................................................119

【教材精要】................................................................119

一、概述................................................................119

二、多發(fā)性硬化..........................................................119

二、視神經(jīng)脊髓炎........................................................120

三、急性播散性腦脊髓炎..................................................121

四、腦橋中央髓鞘溶解癥..................................................121

【重點(diǎn)提示】................................................................122

【測(cè)試題】..................................................................122

一、名詞解釋............................................................122

二、填空題..............................................................122

三、選擇題..............................................................123

四、問(wèn)答題..............................................................127

【參考答案】................................................................128

第十一章運(yùn)動(dòng)障礙疾病..........................................................130

【教材精要】................................................................130

一、概述................................................................130

二、帕金森病............................................................130

三、小舞蹈病............................................................131

四、肝豆?fàn)詈俗冃?.......................................................131

五、肌張力障礙..........................................................132

六、其他運(yùn)動(dòng)障礙性疾病..................................................132

【重點(diǎn)提示】................................................................133

【測(cè)試題】..................................................................133

一、名詞解釋............................................................133

二、填空題..............................................................133

三、選擇題..............................................................133

四、問(wèn)答題..............................................................137

【參考答案】................................................................137

第十二章神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)變性疾病......................................................140

【教材精要】................................................................140

一、概述................................................................140

二、運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)元病........................................................140

二、多系統(tǒng)萎縮..........................................................140

【重點(diǎn)提取】................................................................141

【試題】....................................................................141

一、名詞解釋............................................................141

二、填空題..............................................................141

三、選擇題..............................................................141

四、問(wèn)答題..............................................................143

【參考答案】................................................................143

第十三章癲癇..................................................................145

【教材精要】................................................................145

一、癲癇的定義..........................................................145

二、病因及發(fā)病機(jī)制......................................................145

三、癲癇發(fā)作影響因素....................................................145

四、分類(lèi)及臨床表現(xiàn)......