《生物質(zhì)顆粒堆垛內(nèi)自維持陰燃反應(yīng)分析綜述》2200字

生物質(zhì)顆粒堆垛內(nèi)自維持陰燃反應(yīng)分析綜述生物質(zhì)顆粒在堆積存儲時，與空氣中的氧氣發(fā)生放熱反應(yīng)，雖然室溫下氧化反應(yīng)非常緩慢，但如果產(chǎn)生的熱量不能及時散失，會導(dǎo)致材料內(nèi)部溫度升高，當材料內(nèi)部溫度過高時，會進一步引發(fā)陰燃反應(yīng)從而導(dǎo)致火災(zāi)。陰燃是一種低溫、緩慢、無焰的燃燒反應(yīng)形式，由固相燃料表面發(fā)生氧化反應(yīng)放出的熱量維持傳播ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>J</Author><Year>1979</Year><RecNum>387</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[6,9]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>387</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="9wtpaefesfdx0jevre3peadydp0ww0pe22de"timestamp="1610456441">387</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>OhlemillerTJ</author><author>BellanJ</author><author>RogersF</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Amodelofsmolderingcombustionappliedtoflexiblepolyurethanefoams</title><secondary-title>CombustionandFlame</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>CombustionandFlame</full-title></periodical><pages>197-215</pages><volume>36</volume><dates><year>1979</year></dates><isbn>0010-2180</isbn><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Steen-Hansen</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>325</RecNum><record><rec-number>325</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="9wtpaefesfdx0jevre3peadydp0ww0pe22de"timestamp="1610456441">325</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Steen-HansenA</author><author>MikalsenRF</author><author>JensenUE</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>RISEFireResearchTrondheim,Tiller,Norway;WesternNorwayUniversityofAppliedSciences(HVL),Haugesund,Norway;OttovonGuerickeUniversityMagdeburg,Magdeburg,Germany;NorwegianUniversityofScienceandTechnology(NTNU),Trondheim,Norway</auth-address><titles><title>Smoulderingcombustioninloose-fillwoodfibrethermalinsulation:Anexperimentalstudy</title><secondary-title>FireTechnology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>FireTechnology</full-title></periodical><pages>1585-1608</pages><volume>54</volume><number>6</number><dates><year>2018</year></dates><isbn>1572-8099</isbn><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[6,9]。陰燃通常是自維持的反應(yīng)過程，反應(yīng)釋放的熱量足以使該反應(yīng)在沒有外部能量輸入的情況下持續(xù)進行ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Wang</Author><Year>2017</Year><RecNum>390</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[10]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>390</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="9wtpaefesfdx0jevre3peadydp0ww0pe22de"timestamp="1610456502">390</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>WangHZ</author><author>vanEykPJ</author><author>MedwellPR</author><author>BirzerCH</author><author>TianZF</author><author>PossellM</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Effectsofoxygenconcentrationonradiation-aidedandself-sustainedsmolderingcombustionofradiatapine</title><secondary-title>Energy&Fuels</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Energy&Fuels</full-title></periodical><pages>8619-8630</pages><volume>31</volume><number>8</number><section>8619</section><dates><year>2017</year></dates><isbn>0887-0624 1520-5029</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b00646</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[10]。與有焰燃燒相比，陰燃是在燃料或多孔基體的固體表面發(fā)生氧化反應(yīng)和放熱，反應(yīng)的峰值溫度、升溫速率和傳播速率較低；而有焰燃燒是在燃料周圍的氣相發(fā)生氧化反應(yīng)和放熱ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><RecNum>392</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[11]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>392</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="9wtpaefesfdx0jevre3peadydp0ww0pe22de"timestamp="1610456535">392</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>ReinG</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Smoulderingcombustionphenomenainscienceandtechnology</title><secondary-title>InternationalReviewofChemicalEngineering</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>InternationalReviewofChemicalEngineering</full-title></periodical><pages>3-18</pages><volume>1</volume><dates><year>2009</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[11]。陰燃反應(yīng)的峰值溫度通常在500~700°C左右，其平均燃燒熱為6~12kJ/g；有焰燃燒的峰值溫度在1500~1800°C左右，平均燃燒熱為16~30kJ/gADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[11-13]。由于這些特性，陰燃的傳播速度較慢，一般在10~30mm/h左右，比有焰燃燒的傳播速度約低兩個數(shù)量級ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><RecNum>392</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[11]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>392</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="9wtpaefesfdx0jevre3peadydp0ww0pe22de"timestamp="1610456535">392</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>ReinG</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Smoulderingcombustionphenomenainscienceandtechnology</title><secondary-title>InternationalReviewofChemicalEngineering</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>InternationalReviewofChemicalEngineering</full-title></periodical><pages>3-18</pages><volume>1</volume><dates><year>2009</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[11]。根據(jù)陰燃波傳播方向與氧化劑流動方向的異同，可以分為正向陰燃和反向陰燃。當兩者方向相同時為正向陰燃，方向相反時為反向陰燃ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>J</Author><Year>1983</Year><RecNum>386</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[14]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>386</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="9wtpaefesfdx0jevre3peadydp0ww0pe22de"timestamp="1610456441">386</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>OhlemillerTJ</author><author>LuccaDA</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Anexperimentalcomparisonofforwardandreversesmolderpropagationinpermeablefuelbeds</title><secondary-title>CombustionandFlame</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>CombustionandFlame</full-title></periodical><pages>131-147</pages><volume>54</volume><number>1-3</number><dates><year>1983</year></dates><isbn>0010-2180</isbn><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[14]。根據(jù)陰燃的空間燃燒特性，又可以分為水平陰燃和豎直陰燃。目前提出的陰燃模型包括一維和多維模型?，F(xiàn)實中的陰燃傳播是多維且不規(guī)則的，但多維陰燃模型是多個一維模型的混合，而一維陰燃模型的研究較為方便，因此被研究的最多ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>鄭克明</Author><Year>2017</Year><RecNum>338</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[15]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>338</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="9wtpaefesfdx0jevre3peadydp0ww0pe22de"timestamp="1610456441">338</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="Thesis">32</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>鄭克明</author></authors><tertiary-authors><author>王德明,</author></tertiary-authors></contributors><titles><title>煤田火區(qū)煤陰燃特性及治理研究</title></titles><keywords><keyword>陰燃特性</keyword><keyword>火風(fēng)壓</keyword><keyword>供氧通道</keyword><keyword>最低供風(fēng)速率</keyword><keyword>堵漏技術(shù)</keyword><keyword>露天礦煤火</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2017</year></dates><publisher>中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)</publisher><work-type>碩士</work-type><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[15]。迄今為止，已經(jīng)有許多關(guān)于陰燃的研究報道。陰燃是一個受顆粒粒徑、床層滲透率、密度、含水率、初始溫度和火源等影響的復(fù)雜反應(yīng)過程ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Hagen</Author><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>357</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[16]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>357</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="9wtpaefesfdx0jevre3peadydp0ww0pe22de"timestamp="1610456441">357</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>HagenBC</author><author>FretteV</author><author>KleppeG</author><author>ArntzenBJ</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>StordHaugesundUniversityCollege,Bj?rnsonsgt.45,N-5528Haugesund,Norway;;DepartmentofPhysicsandTechnology,UniversityofBergen,Pb.7803,N-5020Bergen,Norway</auth-address><titles><title>Onsetofsmolderingincotton:Effectsofdensity</title><secondary-title>FireSafetyJournal</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>FireSafetyJournal</full-title></periodical><pages>73-80</pages><volume>46</volume><number>3</number><keywords><keyword>Smolder</keyword><keyword>Ignition</keyword><keyword>Cotton</keyword><keyword>Density</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2010</year></dates><isbn>0379-7112</isbn><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[16]。在陰燃引燃過程中，熱通量、點火時間、空氣流量等因素是主要研究內(nèi)容。WangADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Wang</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>391</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[17]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>391</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="9wtpaefesfdx0jevre3peadydp0ww0pe22de"timestamp="1610456521">391</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>WangHZ</author><author>vanEykPJ</author><author>MedwellPR</author><author>BirzerCH</author><author>TianZF</author><author>PossellM</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Identificationandquantitativeanalysisofsmolderingandflamingcombustionofradiatapine</title><secondary-title>Energy&Fuels</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Energy&Fuels</full-title></periodical><pages>7666-7677</pages><volume>30</volume><number>9</number><section>7666</section><dates><year>2016</year></dates><isbn>0887-0624 1520-5029</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b00314</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[17]通過時間和空間溫度分布、質(zhì)量損失規(guī)律和氣體分析對生物質(zhì)顆粒陰燃燃燒和有焰燃燒的起始特性進行了實驗研究，分析了陰燃燃燒與有焰燃燒的區(qū)別，發(fā)現(xiàn)有焰燃燒的峰值溫度、升溫速率和平均質(zhì)量損失速率遠遠高于陰燃燃燒。CarvalhoADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Carvalho</Author><Year>2002</Year><RecNum>378</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[18]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>378</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="9wtpaefesfdx0jevre3peadydp0ww0pe22de"timestamp="1610456441">378</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>CarvalhoER</author><author>VerasCAG</author><author>CarvalhoJrJA</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>DepartamentodeEnergia,UniversidadeEstadualPaulista(UNESP),Av.AribertoPereiradaCunhano.333,CEP12516-410,Guaratinguetá,SP,Brazil;;UniversidadedeBras??lia,Bras??lia,DF,Brazil;;InstitutoNacionaldePesquisasEspaciais(INPE),Cach?iraPaulistra,SP,Brazil</auth-address><titles><title>Experimentalinvestigationofsmoulderinginbiomass</title><secondary-title>BiomassandBioenergy</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>BiomassandBioenergy</full-title></periodical><pages>283-294</pages><volume>22</volume><number>4</number><keywords><keyword>Smouldering</keyword><keyword>Biomasscombustion</keyword><keyword>Heattransfer</keyword><keyword>Machaeriumanguwtifolium</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2002</year></dates><isbn>0961-9534</isbn><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[18]通過實驗研究了木材的陰燃過程，檢查引發(fā)和控制陰燃過程穩(wěn)定性的參數(shù)，發(fā)現(xiàn)供氧和熱損失是陰燃過程自維持的主要參數(shù)。RondaADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Ronda</Author><Year>2017</Year><RecNum>337</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[19]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>337</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="9wtpaefesfdx0jevre3peadydp0ww0pe22de"timestamp="1610456441">337</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>RondaA</author><author>DellaZassaM</author><author>BiasinA</author><author>Martin-LaraMA</author><author>CanuP</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>DepartmentofChemicalEngineering,UniversityofGranada,18071Granada,Spain;;DepartmentofIndustrialEngineering,UniversityofPadua,35131Padova,Italy</auth-address><titles><title>Experimentalinvestigationonthesmoulderingofpinebark</title><secondary-title>Fuel</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Fuel</full-title></periodical><pages>81-94</pages><volume>193</volume><keywords><keyword>Pinebark</keyword><keyword>Smouldering</keyword><keyword>Combustion</keyword><keyword>Biomassself-heating</keyword><keyword>Thermalignitionofbiomass</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2017</year></dates><isbn>0016-2361</isbn><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[19]在實驗室條件下對松樹皮樣品進行了幾十克范圍內(nèi)的自熱實驗，研究了顆粒大小、含水率、材料壓實度、加熱速度和儲存幾何形狀對陰燃開始和發(fā)展的影響，結(jié)果表明松樹皮在190~240°C內(nèi)觸發(fā)自熱行為。ReinADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Rein</Author><Year>2008</Year><RecNum>364</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[20]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>364</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="9wtpaefesfdx0jevre3peadydp0ww0pe22de"timestamp="1610456441">364</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>ReinG</author><author>CohenS</author><author>SimeoniA</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>BRECentreforFireSafetyEngineering,UniversityofEdinburgh,King’sBuildings,AGB,EdinburghEH93JL,UK;;UMRCNRS6134–SPE,UniversitàdiCorsica,France</auth-address><titles><title>Carbonemissionsfromsmoulderingpeatinshallowandstrongfronts</title><secondary-title>ProceedingsoftheCombustionInstitute</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ProceedingsoftheCombustionInstitute</full-title></periodical><pages><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="178"size="100%">2489-2496</style></pages><volume>32</volume><keywords><keyword>Biomassburning</keyword><keyword>Carbonmonoxide<ce:keyword>Carbondioxide</keyword><keyword>Emissionfactor</keyword><keyword>Smoldering</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2008</year></dates><isbn>1540-7489</isbn><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[20]研究了含水率對泥炭陰燃過程的影響，結(jié)果表明含水率較低時生物質(zhì)陰燃會產(chǎn)生更廣泛的熱解前沿，而在高含水率條件下陰燃反應(yīng)可能會熄滅。何芳ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>何芳</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>348</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[21]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>348</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="9wtpaefesfdx0jevre3peadydp0ww0pe22de"timestamp="1610456441">348</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>何芳</author><author>易維明</author><author><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">李志合</style><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">，等</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address>山東理工大學(xué)農(nóng)業(yè)工程和食品科學(xué)學(xué)院;</auth-address><titles><title>生物質(zhì)內(nèi)部燃燒特性的陰燃實驗研究</title><secondary-title>工程熱物理學(xué)報</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>工程熱物理學(xué)報</full-title></periodical><pages>792-795</pages><volume>35</volume><number>04</number><keywords><keyword>生物質(zhì)</keyword><keyword>燃燒</keyword><keyword>陰燃實驗</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2014</year></dates><isbn>0253-231X</isbn><call-num>11-2091/O4</call-num><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[21]通過陰燃實驗的方法研究了生物質(zhì)內(nèi)部的燃燒特性，考察了物料種類、含水率、孔隙尺寸對燃燒溫度、干燥前沿及炭氧化前沿的移動速度、裂紋和氣體成分等的影響，發(fā)現(xiàn)物料內(nèi)最高溫度隨燃料種類、孔隙尺寸略有變化，幾乎不隨含水率變化。許多學(xué)者對陰燃傳播過程開展了相關(guān)研究，主要研究不同因素對陰燃傳播規(guī)律及傳播速度的影響。HeADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>He</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>346</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[22]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>346</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="9wtpaefesfdx0jevre3peadydp0ww0pe22de"timestamp="1610456441">346</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>HeF</author><author>YiWM</author><author>LiYJ</author><author>ZhaJW</author><author>LuoB</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>ShandongUniversityofTechnology,Zibo,Shandong255049,PRChina</auth-address><titles><title>Effectsoffuelpropertiesonthenaturaldownwardsmolderingofpiledbiomasspowder:Experimentalinvestigation</title><secondary-title>BiomassandBioenergy</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>BiomassandBioenergy</full-title></periodical><pages>288-296</pages><volume>67</volume><keywords><keyword>Fueltype</keyword><keyword>Moisturecontent</keyword><keyword>Particlesize</keyword><keyword>Biomass</keyword><keyword>Smoldering</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2014</year></dates><isbn>0961-9534</isbn><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[22]為了驗證一維生物質(zhì)陰燃燃燒模型的有效性，通過實驗研究了燃料類型、含水率和粒度對生物質(zhì)粉末自然向下陰燃的影響，發(fā)現(xiàn)炭氧化前沿的傳播速度受碳密度和灰分含量的影響較大，幾乎不受含水量和粒徑的影響。ChenADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Chen</Author><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>343</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[23]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>343</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="9wtpaefesfdx0jevre3peadydp0ww0pe22de"timestamp="1610456441">343</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>ChenHX</author><author>ReinGu</author><author>LiuNA</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>StateKeyLaboratoryofFireScience,UniversityofScienceandTechnologyofChina,Hefei,Anhui230026,PRChina;;DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering,ImperialCollege,London,UK</auth-address><titles><title>Numericalinvestigationofdownwardsmolderingcombustioninanorganicsoilcolumn</title><secondary-title>InternationalJournalofHeatandMassTransfer</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>InternationalJournalofHeatandMassTransfer</full-title></periodical><pages>253-261</pages><volume>84</volume><keywords><keyword>Self-sustainedsmoldering</keyword><keyword>Criticalmoisturecontent</keyword><keyword>Organicsoil</keyword><keyword>Numericalmodel</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2015</year></dates><isbn>0017-9310</isbn><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[23]通過建立一個陰燃向下蔓延通過一根有機土柱的數(shù)值模型，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)影響有機土壤自維持陰燃的主要因素是水分含量、無機物含量、堆積密度和陰燃熱。SmuckerADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Smucker</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>322</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[24]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>322</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="9wtpaefesfdx0jevre3peadydp0ww0pe22de"timestamp="1610456441">322</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>SmuckerBD</author><author>MulkyTC</author><author>CowanDA</author><author>NiemeyerKE</author><author>BlunckDL</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>SchoolofMechanical,Industrial,andManufacturingEngineering,OregonStateUniversity,Corvallis,OR,97331,USA</auth-address><titles><title>Effectsoffuelcontentanddensityonthesmolderingcharacteristicsofcelluloseandhemicellulose</title><secondary-title>ProceedingsoftheCombustionInstitute</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ProceedingsoftheCombustionInstitute</full-title></periodical><pages>4107-4116</pages><volume>37</volume><number>3</number><keywords><keyword>Wildlandfires</keyword><keyword>Smoldering</keyword><keyword>Solidcombustion</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2019</year></dates><isbn>1540-7489</isbn><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[24]為確定密度和燃料濃度對纖維素和半纖維素混合物陰燃特性的影響，測量了不同密度和不同比例纖維素樣品的向下陰燃傳播速度和水平陰燃傳播速度，發(fā)現(xiàn)在一定的堆積密度下，陰燃傳播速度隨著纖維素含量的降低而增加。QiADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Qi</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>339</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[25]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>339</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="9wtpaefesfdx0jevre3peadydp0ww0pe22de"timestamp="1610456441">339</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>QiGS</author><author>WangDM</author><author>ZhengKM</author><author>TangY</author><author>LuXX</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>KeyLaboratoryofCoalMethaneandFireControl,MinistryofEducation,ChinaUniversityofMiningandTechnology,Xuzhou,China;;SchoolofSafetyEngineering,ChinaUniversityofMiningandTechnology,Xuzhou,China</auth-address><titles><title>Smolderingcombustionofcoalunderforcedairflow:experimentalinvestigation</title><secondary-title>JournalofFireSciences</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JournalofFireSciences</full-title></periodical><pages>267-288</pages><volume>34</volume><number>4</number><keywords><keyword>Coal</keyword><keyword>forwardsmoldering</keyword><keyword>reversesmoldering</keyword><keyword>forcedairflow</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2016</year></dates><isbn>0734-9041</isbn><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[25]為獲得煤的陰燃特性，進行了不同風(fēng)量下豎直正向陰燃和反向陰燃實驗，并對陰燃燃燒過程、速度和溫度進行了分析，結(jié)果表明正向陰燃和反向陰燃的燃燒過程雖然有顯著差異，但陰燃速度相同，均隨空氣流量單調(diào)增加，空氣流量越大，耗氧率越高。一些學(xué)者對陰燃過程進行了數(shù)值模擬研究。賈寶山ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>賈寶山</Author><Year>2007</Year><RecNum>366</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[26]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>366</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="9wtpaefesfdx0jevre3peadydp0ww0pe22de"timestamp="1610456441">366</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>賈寶山</author><author>解茂昭</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>大連理工大學(xué)能源與動力學(xué)院,大連理工大學(xué)能源與動力學(xué)院大連116024,遼寧工程技術(shù)大學(xué)安全科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院,阜新123000,大連116024</auth-address><titles><title>聚氨酯泡沫燃料正向陰燃傳播特性的數(shù)值模擬</title><secondary-title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">東南大學(xué)學(xué)報(英文版)</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>東南大學(xué)學(xué)報(英文版)</full-title></periodical><pages>278-284</pages><volume>23</volume><number>02</number><keywords><keyword>聚氨酯泡沫</keyword><keyword>正向陰燃</keyword><keyword>多孔介質(zhì)</keyword><keyword>陰燃速度</keyword><keyword>數(shù)值模擬</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2007</year></dates><isbn>1003-7985</isbn><call-num>32-1325/N</call-num><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[26]建立了聚氨酯泡沫陰燃反應(yīng)的二維兩相流數(shù)學(xué)模型，預(yù)測了固相溫度和固相成分（聚氨酯泡沫、焦炭和灰分）的變化情況，得到了陰燃平均傳播速度和平均最高溫度，研究了入口空氣流速和燃料性能（導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)、比熱、密度和孔徑）對陰燃傳播的影響，結(jié)果表明隨著進氣速度的增加，陰燃速度和陰燃溫度大致呈線性增加，燃料密度是決定陰燃傳播最重要的因素。ZanoniADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Zanoni</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>324</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[27]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>324</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="9wtpaefesfdx0jevre3peadydp0ww0pe22de"timestamp="1610456441">324</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>ZanoniMAB</author><author>ToreroJL.</author><author>GerhardJI</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>DepartmentofCivilandEnvironmentalEngineering,TheUniversityofWesternOntario,SpencerEngineeringBuilding,Rm.3029,London,OntarioN6A5B9,Canada;;A.JamesClarkSchoolofEngineering,TheUniversityofMaryland,CollegePark,MD20742,USA</auth-address><titles><title>Delineatingandexplainingthelimitsofself-sustainedsmoulderingcombustion</title><secondary-title>CombustionandFlame</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>CombustionandFlame</full-title></periodical><pages>78-92</pages><volume>201</volume><keywords><keyword>Smoulderingcombustion</keyword><keyword>Localthermalnon-equilibrium</keyword><keyword>Porousmedium</keyword><keyword>Energybalance</keyword><keyword>Heatlosses</keyword><keyword>Extinction</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2019</year></dates><isbn>0010-2180</isbn><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[27]通過一個一維數(shù)值模型模擬了利用陰燃處理被瀝青污染砂土的情況，量化了陰燃過程中化學(xué)反應(yīng)和傳熱過程在空間和時間上的復(fù)雜相互作用，證實了局部能量平衡在反應(yīng)熄滅時變?yōu)樨撝担帜芰科胶庠谳^早時變?yōu)樨撝?。RostamiADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Rostami</Author><Year>2003</Year><RecNum>377</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[28]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>377</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="9wtpaefesfdx0jevre3peadydp0ww0pe22de"timestamp="1610456441">377</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>RostamiA</author><author>MurthyJ</author><author>HajaligolM</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>PhilipMorrisUSA,ResearchCenter,P.O.Box26583,Richmond,VA23261,USA;;DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering,CarnegieMellonUniversity,Pittsburgh,PA15213,USA</auth-address><titles><title>Modelingofasmolderingcigarette</title><secondary-title>JournalofAnalyticalandAppliedPyrolysis</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JournalofAnalyticalandAppliedPyrolysis</full-title></periodical><pages>281-301</pages><volume>66</volume><number>1-2</number><keywords><keyword>Modeling</keyword><keyword>Smoldering</keyword><keyword>Combustion</keyword><keyword>Cigarettesmoldering</keyword><keyword>Burnvelocity</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2003</year></dates><isbn>0165-2370</isbn><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[28]建立了煙絲自然陰燃的瞬態(tài)二維模型，模型中假設(shè)氣相和固相溫度不同，通過相間熱交換相互作用，對不同工況和邊界條件下的陰燃過程進行模擬，研究了燃料密度的變化、焦炭的形成和氧化、陰燃速度和陰燃溫度分布等，發(fā)現(xiàn)陰燃過程主要是由氧氣向燃燒區(qū)的擴散控制的，紙的滲透性對燃燒過程的發(fā)展和維持影響很大。CostaADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Costa</Author><Year>2004</Year><RecNum>375</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[29]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>375</rec-number><foreign-keys><