2016上海英語高考題

2016年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（上海卷）英語GrammarandVocabularySectionA

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.(A)BagsofLove

Lastyear,Iwasassignedtoworkatanofficenearmymother’shouse,soIstayedwithherforamonth.Duringthattime,Ihelpedoutwiththehouseworkandcontributedtothegroceries.

Afterlessthanaweek,Istartednoticingthatthegrocerieswererunningoutprettyquickly—wewerealwayssuddenlyoutofsomething.(25)_______(wonder)howmymumcouldconsumethemsoquickly,Ibeganobservingherdailyroutinefortwoweeks.Tomysurprise,Ifoundthatshewouldpackapaperbagfullofcannedgoodsandheadouteverymorningataboutnine.Eventually,Idecidedtofollowherand(26)_______happenedtrulyamazedme.Shewastakingthefoodtotherefugeecamp,in(27)______shedistributedittochildren.Iaskedaroundandfoundoutthatmymumwasverywellknowninthearea.Thekidswereveryfriendlywithherandevenlookeduptoherasifsheweretheirownmother.Thenithitme—whywouldshenotwanttotellmeaboutwhatshe(28)_____(do)?WassheworriedabouthowIwouldreactorthatIwouldstop(29)_____(buy)thegroceriesifIfoundout?

Whenshegothome,Itoldheraboutmydiscovery.(30)_____shecouldreact,Igaveherabighugandtoldhershedidn’tneedtokeepitasecret(31)______me.Shetoldmethatsomeofthechildrenlivedwithanolderladyinashelterwhileotherssleptonthestreets.Foryears,mymumhasbeenhelpingoutbygivingthemwhateverfoodshecouldspare.Iwassoimpressedby(32)_____selflessshewas.25.Wondering

26.

what

27.

which

28.

had

done

29.

buying

30.

Before

31.

from

32.

how

【解析】試題分析：本文屬于記敘文，我在無意中發(fā)現(xiàn)媽媽偷偷地幫助難民，贊美了媽媽善良無私的美麗品質(zhì)。Wondering

考查現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語。動詞wonder與本句主語I構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，所以使用現(xiàn)在分詞wondering在句中做狀語。what

考查主語從句。本句中連接代詞what引導(dǎo)主語從句whathappened并在句中做主語。句意：發(fā)生的事情真讓我很驚訝。which

考查定語從句。本題定語從句的先行詞是therefugeecamp，關(guān)系代詞which指代先行詞在定語從句中作為介詞in的賓語，inwhich相當(dāng)于關(guān)系副詞where。had

done

考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)上下文告訴我們“我”被派到媽媽家附近工作，這是過去發(fā)生的事情，而媽媽幫助難民是在我來這里工作之前就發(fā)生的事情，所以應(yīng)該使用過去完成時表示過去的過去發(fā)生的事情。抱著她并告訴她這件事情不必對我保密。how

考查賓語從句。本句中表語從句howselflessshewas作為介詞by的賓語，因為selfless是形容詞，所以使用how來引導(dǎo)這個從句，用法和感嘆句類似。【名師點睛】連詞before最主要的含義為“在....之前”，但在不同的語境中有不同的翻譯方法。本文中before意為“還沒來得及...就.....”。before作為連詞，其基本含義是“在……之前”，又可以根據(jù)不同語境靈活翻譯成“才”、“還沒來得及就……”、“趁……”、“就”等。具體用法如下：

1)與情態(tài)動詞can/could連用

這時候從句雖為肯定形式，根據(jù)漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣譯成“還沒來得及就”，如：

BeforeIcouldgetinaword，hehadmeasuredme.

我還沒來得及插話他就為我量好了尺寸。

Beforeshecouldmove，sheheardaloudnoise，whichgrewtoaterribleroar.

她還沒來得及邁步，就聽見一聲巨響，接著就是可怕的隆隆轟鳴。

2)用于肯定句中強調(diào)主句所表達(dá)的時間，距離長，或花費的精力大，譯成“才”

Wehadsailedfourdaysandfournightsbeforewesawlands.

我們航行了四天四夜才看到陸地。

Wewaitedalongtimebeforethetrainarrived.

我們等了很長時間火車才到。

3)用于否定句中，強調(diào)主句所表達(dá)的時間，距離短，或花費的精力小，譯成“不到……就”如：

Wehadn‘trunamilebeforehefelttired.

我們跑了還不到一英里他就累了。4)主句含有hardly，scarcely等半否定副詞時可以譯為“剛……就”

這時候主句應(yīng)用過去完成時態(tài)，從句用過去時，還可以用when替代before如：

Wehadscarcelyreachedtheschoolbefore/whenthebellrang.

我們剛到學(xué)校鈴聲就響了。

5)有時還有“寧愿”的意思

I‘dshootmyselfbeforeIapologizedtohim.

我寧死也不向他道歉。

6)用于“It+be/take+時間段+before句型”

在這一句型中又可以根據(jù)主從句的時態(tài)分成兩種情況。

若主句是一般時將來時態(tài)，從句是一般現(xiàn)在時.若主句是肯定句意思是“要過多長時間才”；若主句是否定形式翻譯成“用不了多久就”。

Itwillbetwoweeksbeforeeverythingreturnstonormal.

兩周之后一切才能恢復(fù)正常。

Itwillbemanyyearsbeforethesituationimproves.

這種狀況或許要過許多年才能得以改善。

Itwon‘tbelongbeforewemeetagain.用不了多久我們就會再見面的。這時若主句是一般過去時從句也是一般過去時。若主句是肯定句翻譯成“多長時間之后才”，若主句是否定形式翻譯成“沒過多久就”。如：學(xué)優(yōu)高考網(wǎng)

ItwassometimebeforeIrealizedthetruth.

過了很長一段時間我才了解到真相。

Itwasn‘tlongbeforeshebecameabravesolider.

沒過多久她就成了一名勇敢的戰(zhàn)士。

Afterthatitstilltooksevenyearsbeforetheygotmarried.

他們又過了七年才結(jié)婚?？键c：考查語法填空(B)Stress:GoodorBad?

Stressusedtobeanalmostunknownword,butnowthatweareusedtotalkingaboutit,Ihavefoundthatpeoplearebeginningtogetstressedaboutbeingstressed.

Inrecentyears,stress(33)______(regard)asacauseofawholerangeofmedicalproblems,fromhighbloodpressuretomentalillness.Butlikesomanyotherthings,itisonlytoomuchstress(34)______doesyouharm.Itistimeyouconsideredthatiftherewerenostressinyourlife,youwouldachievealittle.Ifyouarestuckathomewithnostress,thenyourlevelofperformancewillbelow.Uptoacertainpoint,themorestressyouareunder,the(35)_____(good)yourperformancewillbe.Beyondacertainpoint,though,furtherstresswillonlyleadtoexhaustion,illnessandfinallyabreakdown.Youcantellwhenyouareoverthetopandonthedownwardslope,byaskingyourself(36)_______numberofquestions.Doyou,forinstance,feelthattoomuchisbeingexpectedof(37)______,andyetfinditimpossibletosayno?Doyoufindyourselfgettingimpatientor(38)_____(annoy)withpeopleoverunimportantthings?...Iftheanswertoallthosequestionsisyes,youhadbetter(39)______(control)yourstress,asyouprobablyareundermorestressthanisgoodforyou.

Tosomeextentyoucancontroltheamountofstressinyourlife.Doctorshaveworkedoutachartshowinghowmuchstressisinvolvedinvariousevents.Gettingmarriedis50,pregnancy40,movinghouse20,Christmas12,etc.Ifthetotalstressinyourlifeisover150,youaretwiceaslikely(40)_______(get)ill.【答案】33.has

been

regarded

34.

that

35.

better

36.

a

37.

you

38.

annoyed

39.

control

40.

to

get【解析】試題分析：本文是一篇說明文，壓力成為了我們生活中常見的一個詞匯。文章告訴我們一定范圍之內(nèi)的壓力能促進(jìn)我們的工作，但一旦壓力過大，就會給我們的生活帶來很多負(fù)面的影響。33.has

been

regarded

考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。本句的時間狀語是inrecentyears最近幾年以來，該時間狀語通常和現(xiàn)在完成時連用，且句子主語stress與動詞regard構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，所以使用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)形式hasbeenregarded。34.that

考查強調(diào)句型。強調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為Itis/was被強調(diào)成分that/who其它成分；其最大的特點38.

annoyed

考查形容詞。形容詞annoyed惱怒的，該詞是由過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)換而來的形容詞，通常修飾人。本句中該詞和impatient構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系一起和系動詞get構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。39.control

考查固定搭配。動詞短語hadbetterdosth最好做某事；“hadbetter”是情態(tài)動詞，后面要接動詞原形。40.to

get考查形容詞短語。形容詞短語belikelytodosth可能做某事；句意：如果你生活中的壓力超過150，你就非常有可能生病了?！久麕燑c睛】本文考查了強調(diào)句型的用法。強調(diào)句是一種修辭方法，是人們?yōu)榱吮磉_(dá)自己的意愿或情感而使用的一種形式：強調(diào)句型：“It

is（was）＋被強調(diào)的部分＋that（who）＋原句其它部分”來強調(diào)說話人的意愿：

It

was

on

Monday

night

that

all

this

happened．所有這一切發(fā)生在周一晚上。

It’s

me

that

he

blamed．他怪的是我。

強調(diào)句型最重要的句型是：

It

is

(was)

＋

被強調(diào)部分＋

that／

who

＋

句子的其它成份

。英語中許多句子常?？梢酝ㄟ^強調(diào)句型對句子的不同成份進(jìn)行強調(diào)。如：

It

is

they

who

／that

will

have

a

meeting

tomorrow．

(強調(diào)主語)

It

is

a

meeting

that

they

will

have

tomorrow．

(強調(diào)賓語)

It

is

tomorrow

that

they

will

have

a

meeting．

(強調(diào)時間狀語)

應(yīng)注意的要點:

1．強調(diào)句型可以用來強調(diào)主語、賓語（包括介詞賓語）和狀語。其中的it

本身沒有詞義。

2．強調(diào)句中的連接詞一般只用who(指人)或that(可指物，也可指人)，若被強調(diào)的是狀語，也只能用that

，而不能用when

或者where。而且連接詞都不能省略。如：

It

was

in

the

park

that

he

met

an

old

friend

yesterday．

(雖然強調(diào)的是地點，但不能用where。)

3．強調(diào)句子的主語時，that

或who

之后的謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要與它前面被強調(diào)的名詞或代詞一致。如：

It

is

Mary

and

Tom

who

often

do

good

deeds．

4．強調(diào)句型的時態(tài)常見的有兩種：一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時。即It

is

．．．

that／who．．．和It

was

．．．that／who．．．。如：

It

was

the

way

he

asked

that

really

upset

me．

5．判斷一個句子是否是強調(diào)句的方法是：如果將句中的It

is／was．．．that／who．．．去掉，經(jīng)整理后還是一個完整的句子，本句就是強調(diào)句。否則，就不是。如：

It

was

in

today's

newspaper

that

we

found

the

news．

去掉It

was

．．．that

之后，句子可以整理為:We

found

the

news

in

today's

newspaper．

這是一個完整的句子，故本句是強調(diào)句。

常見考法:

1．用介詞短語來作為被強調(diào)的部分。如：

It

was

for

this

reason

that

he

left

that

school．

It

was

in

this

way

that

he

solved

the

problem．

2．用時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句等作為被強調(diào)的部分。如：It

was

only

when

I

reread

his

poems

that

I

began

to

appreciate

their

beauty．

3．用

not

until

復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)作為被強調(diào)的部分。如：

It

was

not

until

she

took

off

her

dark

glasses

that

I

realized

she

was

a

film

star．

It

was

not

until

1920

that

regular

radio

broadcasts

began．

4．在被強調(diào)的部分后接定語從句，使句子結(jié)構(gòu)更加復(fù)雜。如：

It

was

on

July

7th

1975

when

he

was

born

that

his

father

died．

5．通過句型轉(zhuǎn)換來進(jìn)行考查。如把肯定句改成一般疑問句或特殊疑問句，或把肯定句改成否定句或否定疑問句等。如：

Was

it

during

the

Second

World

War

that

he

died？

When

was

it

that

the

sports

meeting

began？

It

was

not

Tom

that

stole

the

book．

Wasn't

it

he

that

had

made

a

mistake？

6．通過改變系動詞的形式來進(jìn)行考查。強調(diào)句型的系動詞除了用

is

或

was外

，還可以在其前面加上

may

／

might

／must

等表示推測的情態(tài)動詞。如：

It

might

be

him

that

you

met

yesterday．考點：考查語法填空SectionB

Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.account

B.adjustable

C.appliances

D.capture

E.decorations

F.direct

G.experiment

H.intended

I.operated

J.soulless

K.squeezeGoldenRulesofGoodDesignWhatmakesgooddesign?Overtheyears,designersandartistshavebeentryingto

41

theessentialsofgooddesign.Theyhavefoundthatsomesayingscanhelppeopleunderstandtheideasofgooddesign.Therearefourasfollows.Lessismore.ThissayingisassociatedwiththeGerman-bornarchitectMiesvander

Rohe.InhisModernistview,beautyliesinsimplicityandelegance,andtheaimofthedesigneristocreatesolutionstoproblemsthroughthemostefficientmeans.Designshouldavoidunnecessary

42Moreisnotabore.TheAmerican-bornarchitectRobertVenturiconcludedthatifsimplicityisdonebadly,theresultis

43

design.Post-Modernistdesignersbeganto

44

withdecorationandcoloragain.Productdesignwasheavilyinfluencedbythisviewandcanbeseeninkitchen

45

suchasovensandkettles.Fitnessforpurpose.Successfulproductdesigntakesintoconsiderationaproduct’sfunction,purpose,shape,form,color,andsoon.Themostimportantresultfortheuseristhattheproductdoeswhatis

46

.Forexample,thinkofa(n)

47

desklamp.Itneedstobeconstructedfrommaterialsthatwillstandtheheatofthelampandregularadjustmentsbytheuser.Italsoneedstobestable.Mostimportantly,itneedsto

48

lightwhereitisneeded.Fromfollowsemotion.ThisphraseisassociatedwiththeGermandesignerHartmut

Esslinger.Hebelievesdesignmusttakeinto

49

thesensorysideofournature―sight,smell,touchandtaste.Theseareasimportantas

rational(理性的).Whenchoosingeverydayproductssuchastoothpaste,weappreciateacool-lookingdevicethatallowsustoeasily

50thetoothpasteontoourbrush.答案】D42.E43.J44.G45.C46.H47.B48.F49.A50.K【解析】試題分析：本文屬于說明文，告訴我們好的設(shè)計應(yīng)包括四個黃金定律：簡約、功能以及情感等等。D動詞capture獲得；捕獲；本句中該詞構(gòu)成的不定式短語“tocapture.....”作為動詞try的賓語。句意：多年以來，設(shè)計師和藝術(shù)家一直都在努力搞清楚好的設(shè)計的本質(zhì)。42.E名詞decorations裝飾，該詞在句中作為動詞avoid的賓語。本段的主題是“Lessismore”倡導(dǎo)裝修設(shè)計的簡單化。句意：設(shè)計應(yīng)該避免不必要的裝飾物。學(xué)優(yōu)高考網(wǎng)43.J形容詞soulless沒有靈魂的；該詞在本句中做定語修飾名詞design。根據(jù)前半句“TheAmerican-bornarchitectRobertVenturiconcludedthatifsimplicityisdonebadly...”可知美國建筑家RobertVenturi總結(jié)過，如果簡約沒有做好，那么這樣的設(shè)計就是沒有靈魂的；44.G動詞短語experimentwith試用，用...做實驗；句意：后現(xiàn)代主義設(shè)計師們再一次開始試驗裝飾和顏色。45.C名詞appliance電器，電器工具；該詞可由后面列舉的例子“ovensandkettles烤箱和水壺”推理，指廚房電器等物品。46.H形容詞intended預(yù)期的；本句中該詞和系動詞is構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：對用戶來說最重要的是產(chǎn)品達(dá)到了預(yù)期的效果。47.B形容詞adjustable可調(diào)節(jié)的；本句中該詞作為定語修飾名詞desklamp，意為“可調(diào)節(jié)的臺燈”，與后句【名師點睛】在選詞填空中，很重要的一點就是要確認(rèn)空格詞的詞匯。下面給大家一些確認(rèn)空格詞詞性的小規(guī)律：確定空格為名詞(1)如果空格前面為冠詞a/an/the、形容詞或者及物動詞.，空格處應(yīng)填入名詞；(2)如果空格前面是介詞，空格充當(dāng)該介詞的賓語，需填入一個名詞。(3)如果空格后面是謂語動詞的，且空格前沒有句子主語，空格處應(yīng)填入該動詞的主語(名詞)；確定空格為動詞(1)如果空格前面已經(jīng)有名詞或代詞做主語，后面又有名詞或代詞作為動詞的賓語，且中間無謂語動詞，空格處應(yīng)為及物動詞；如F動詞direct對準(zhǔn)，指揮；(2)如果空格處前面是be動詞，后面又無賓語且句意為被動，空格中應(yīng)填及物動詞的過去分詞；(3)如果空格前面是名詞或代詞做主語，后面沒有賓語或有一個介詞加賓語(4)如果空格處前面是名詞或代詞做主語，后面是形容詞，空格應(yīng)填入系動詞或be動詞；(5)如果空格處前有不定式標(biāo)志to，空格處應(yīng)填入動詞原形；另一種情況to是介詞，后面應(yīng)填入動名詞。確定空格為形容詞(1)如果空格后面為名詞的，空格處可能填入形容詞；如47.形容詞adjustable可調(diào)節(jié)的(2)如果空格處前面是副詞的，空格處可能填入形容詞；(3)如果空格處前面是系動詞或be動詞的，空格處可能填入形容詞作表語。如46.形容詞intended預(yù)期的；確定空格為副詞(1)如果空格處前面或者后面為動詞的，空格處可能填入副詞。(2)如果空格處后面是形容詞的，空格處可能填入副詞?？键c：考查選詞填空III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillin

eachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Inthe1960s,DouglasMcGregor,oneofthekeythinkersintheartofmanagement,developedthemowfamousTheoryXandTheoryY.TheoryXistheideathatpeopleinstinctively

51

workandwilldoanythingtoavoidit.TheoryYistheviewthateveryonehasthepotentialtofindsatisfactioninwork.Inanycase,despitesomuchevidencetothe

52

,manymanagersstillagreetoTheoryX.Theybelieve,

53

,thattheiremployeesneedconstantsupervisioniftheyaretoworkeffectively,orthatdecisionsmustbeimposedfrom

54

withoutconsultation.This,ofcourse,makesforauthoritarian(專制的)managers.Differentcultureshavedifferentwaysof

55

people.Unlikeauthoritarianmanagement,somecultures,particularlyinAsia,arewellknownfortheconsultativenatureofdecision-making―allmembersofthedepartmentorworkgroupareaskedto

56

tothisprocess.Thisismanagementbythecollectiveopinion.ManywesterncompanieshavetriedtoimitatesuchAsianwaysofdoingthings,whicharebasedongeneral

57

.Someexpertssaythatwomenwillbecomemoreeffectivemanagersthanmenbecausetheyhavethepowertoreachcommongoalsinawaythattraditional

58

managerscannot.Arecenttrendhasbeentoencourageemployeestousetheirowninitiative,tomakedecisionsontheirownwithout

59

managersfirst.This

empowerment

(授權(quán))hasbeenpartofthetrendtowardsdownsizing:

60

thenumberofmanagementlayersincompanies.Afterde-layeringinthisway,acompanymaybe

61

withjustatoplevelofseniormanagers,front-linemanagersandemployeeswithdirectcontactwiththepublic.Empowermenttakestheideaofdelegation(委托)muchfurtherthanhas

62

beenthecase.Empowermentanddelegationmeannewformsofmanagementcontrolto

63

thattheoverallbusinessplanisbeingfollowed,andthatoperationsbecomemoreprofitableundertheneworganization,ratherthanless.Anothertrendisoff-siteor

64

management,whereteamsofpeoplelinkedbye-mailandtheInternetworkonprojectsfromtheirownhouses.Projectmanagersevaluatethe

65

oftheteammembersintermsofwhattheyproduceforprojects,ratherthantheamountoftimetheyspendonthem.51.A.desireB.seekC.loseD.dislike52.A.contraryB.expectationC.degreeD.extreme53.A.viceversaB.forexampleC.howeverD.otherwise54.A.outsideB.insideC.belowD.above55.A.replacingB.assessingC.managingD.encouraging56.A.referB.contributeC.objectD.apply57.A.agreementB.practiceC.electionD.impression58.A.bossyB.experiencedC.westernD.male59.A.askingB.trainingC.warningD.firing60.A.doublingB.maintainingC.reducingD.estimating61.A.honoredB.leftC.crowdedD.compared62.A.economicallyB.traditionallyC.inadequately不充足地D.occasionally63.A.denyB.admitC.assumeD.ensure64.A.virtualB.ineffectiveC.day-to-dayD.on-the-scene65.A.opinionB.riskC.performanceD.attractiveness【答案】51.D52.A53.B54.D55.C56.B57.A58.D59.A60.C61.B62.B63.D64.A65.C試題分析：本文是說明文，作者在第一段中提出道格拉斯·麥克雷戈所提出的人性假設(shè)理論中的X理論和Y理論，并介紹了現(xiàn)代社會中一種新型管理理論：授權(quán)管理及其作用。51.D考查上下文串聯(lián)。根據(jù)后半句“....willdoanythingtoavoidit”可知很多人為了避免工作而愿意做任何事情，說明那些人大多數(shù)人生性都是懶惰的，都不愿意工作，他們盡可能地逃避工作。故D項正確。52.A考查上下文串聯(lián)。短語tothecontrary相反的；tothedegree在某種程度上；totheextreme走向極端；在文章第一段中提到了X理論，大多數(shù)人都缺乏進(jìn)取心和責(zé)任心，不愿對人和事負(fù)責(zé)，沒有什么雄心壯志，不喜歡負(fù)責(zé)任，寧可被領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。而Y理論認(rèn)為大多數(shù)人愿意對工作、對他人負(fù)責(zé)，人們愿意實行自我管理和自我控制來完成應(yīng)當(dāng)完成的目標(biāo)。這是兩種完全相反的理論，盡管對于這兩種完全相反的理論有很多的證據(jù)，很多管理人仍然同意X理論。故A正確。53.B考查上下文串聯(lián)。本句中forexample表示舉例說明；這些管理人仍然同意X理論，例如他們認(rèn)為如果要員工效率高，就需要給與他們不斷的監(jiān)督。這屬于X理論的舉例說明。故B正確。54.D考查上下文串聯(lián)。根據(jù)后句“...makesforauthoritarianmanagers....”可知這屬于專制的管理方法，他們的決定是來自上而下的，沒有任何商量的余地。故D項“above上面的”正確。55.C考查上下文串聯(lián)。根據(jù)前段可知本文討論的管理學(xué)的理論，使用本句使用動詞“manage管理”，不同的文化中有不同的管理人的方法。而且和下文中亞洲、西方的管理方法形成呼應(yīng)。故C正確。56.B考查動詞短語辨析。短語referto提到，談到；contributeto做貢獻(xiàn)；導(dǎo)致；objectto反對；applyto適用于；亞洲人使用的是協(xié)商式的管理方法，所有人都被要求對管理的過程做出自己的貢獻(xiàn)。故B正確。57.A考查上下文串聯(lián)。名詞agreement同意；practice練習(xí)，做法；election選舉；impression印象；亞洲人使用協(xié)商式的管理方法，這種方法是建立在共同的協(xié)議基礎(chǔ)之上的，西方人也想學(xué)習(xí)這樣的管理方法。故A正確。58.D考查上下文串聯(lián)。根據(jù)前半句“....womenwillbecomemoreeffectivemanagersthanmen....”可知有些專家認(rèn)為女性比男性管理更高效。因為女性更有親和力，比男性管理人更容易與別人達(dá)成一致的目標(biāo)。故D正確。59.A考查上下文串聯(lián)。根據(jù)前句“...encourageemployeestousetheirowninitiative...鼓勵員工使用自己的首創(chuàng)精神”，也就是說在做出決定的時候不要請示上級經(jīng)理，自己做出決定即可。故A項正確。型的管理方法，與傳統(tǒng)的管理模式不一樣。故B正確。63.D考查動詞辨析。動詞deny否認(rèn)；admit承認(rèn)；assume假定，設(shè)想；ensure保證，確保；授權(quán)管理是一種新型的管理方法，省略了中央管理環(huán)節(jié)，保證了整個商業(yè)計劃被采用。根據(jù)句意可知D正確。64.A考查上下文串聯(lián)。形容詞virtual虛擬的；ineffective低效的；day-to-day日常的；on-the-scene現(xiàn)場的；根據(jù)后句“whereteamsofpeoplelinkedbye-mailandtheInternetworkonprojectsfromtheirownhouses”可知在這種新型的管理方法中，人們都是通過郵件和網(wǎng)絡(luò)聯(lián)系，說明這種一種新型通過虛擬網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行的管理方法。故A正確。65.C考查名詞辨析。名詞opinion觀點；risk冒險；performance表現(xiàn)；attractiveness魅力；根據(jù)后半句中“intermsofwhattheyproduceforprojects,ratherthantheamountoftimetheyspendonthem”可知我們評價員工的表現(xiàn)是根據(jù)他們的產(chǎn)品而不是工作的時間。故C項正確?！久麕燑c睛】本篇完形填空對于上下文串聯(lián)及詞匯的復(fù)現(xiàn)進(jìn)行了集中考查，占到了三分之二。由于完形填空的文章是一個意義相關(guān)聯(lián)的語篇，圍繞一個話題論述，因此在行文中詞語的重復(fù)、替代、復(fù)現(xiàn)和同現(xiàn)現(xiàn)象是不可避免的。根據(jù)這個原則，某一個空格所對應(yīng)的答案很可能就是在上下文中復(fù)現(xiàn)或同現(xiàn)的相關(guān)詞，考生可以根據(jù)這些詞之間的有機聯(lián)系來確定答案。所以，解題時應(yīng)聯(lián)系上下文尋找相關(guān)線索，如某一個詞的原詞、指代詞、同義詞、近義詞、上義詞、下義詞和概括詞等。但由于我們在做題時不可能總是重復(fù)地閱讀文章，因此，在做完形填空時要培養(yǎng)一種捕捉并記憶相關(guān)信息的能力。如本文57題考查上下文串聯(lián)。亞洲人使用協(xié)商式的管理方法，這種方法是建立在共同的協(xié)議基礎(chǔ)之上的，西方人也想學(xué)習(xí)這樣的管理方法。故A項名詞“agreement同意、協(xié)議”正確?？键c：考查說明文閱讀SectionBDirection：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedsattments.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Oneearlymorning,Iwentintothelivingroomtofindmymotherreadingathickbookcalled

BestLovedPoemstoReadAgainandAgain.Myinterestwasarousedonlybythefactthattheword“Poems”appearedinbig,hotpinkletters.“Isitgood?”Iaskedher.“Yeah,”sheanswered.“There’soneIreallylikeandyou’lllikeit,too.”Ileanedforward.“‘PattyPoem,’”shereadthetitle.WhoisPatty?Iwondered.Thepoembegan:Sheneverputshertoysaway,Justleavesthemscattered①

wheretheylay,…

①散亂的Thepoemwasjustthreeshortsections.Thefinalonecamequickly:Whenshegrowsandgatherspoise②,

②穩(wěn)重I’llmissherharum-scarum③

noise,

③莽撞的Andlookinvain④

forscatteredtoys.

④徒勞地AndI’llbesad.Aterriblesorrowwashedoverme.WhoeverPattywas,shewasameangirl.Then,theshock.“It’syou,honey,”Mymothersaidsadly.Tomymother,thepoemrevealedaparent’saffectionwhenherchildgrowsupandleaves.Tome,the“she”inthepoemwashorror.Itwasmymamawhowouldbesad.ItwassoterribleIburstoutcrying.“What’swrong?”mymotherasked.“OhMama,”Icried.“Idon’twanttogrowupever!”Shesmiled.“Honey,it’sokay.You’renotgrowingupanytimesoon.Andwhenyoudo,I’llstillloveyou,okay?”“Okay,”Iwasstillweeping.Mypanichasgone.ButIcouldnothelpthinkingaboutthatsillypoem.Afterwhatseemedlikeasafeamountoftime,Ireadthepoemagainandwasconfused.Itallfitsowelltogether,likeapuzzle.Thelanguagewassimple,sosimpleIcouldplainlyunderstanditsmeaning,yetitwasstillbeautiful.Iwasnowfascinatedbytheideaofpoetry,wordsthathadthepowertomakeorbreakaperson’sworld.Ihavesincefalleninlovewithotherpoems,but“PattyPoem”remainsmypoem.Afterall,“PattyPoem”gavememyloveforpoetrynotbecauseitwasthepoemthatliftedmyspirits,butbecauseitwastheonethathurtmethemost.Whywasthewriterattractedbythebook

BestLovedPoemstoReadAgainandAgain?Whywasthewriterattractedbythebook

BestLovedPoemstoReadAgainandAgain?66.A.Itwasathickenoughbook.

B.Somethingonitscovercaughthereye.

C.Hermotherwasreadingitwithinterest.

D.Ithasameaningfultitle.67.Afterhermotherreadthepoemtoher,thewriterfelt______atfirst.

A.sadB.excitedC.horrifiedD.confused68.Thewriter’smotherlikedtoread“PattyPoem”probablybecause______.

A.itreflectedherownchildhood

B.itwaswritteninsimplelanguage

C.itwascomposedbyafamouspoet

D.itgaveherahintofwhatwouldhappen69.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat“Patty

Poem”leadsthewriterto_______.

A.discoverthepowerofpoetry

B.recognizeherloveforpuzzles

C.findhereagernesstogrowup

D.experiencegreathomesickness【答案】66.B67.A68.D69.A【解析】69.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Ihavesincefalleninlovewithotherpoems,but“PattyPoem”remainsmypoem.Afterall,“PattyPoem”gavememyloveforpoetrynotbecauseitwasthepoemthatliftedmyspirits,butbecauseitwastheonethathurtmethemost.”可知這首詩讓作者感受了詩歌的美，讓作者愛上了詩歌，這首因為她發(fā)現(xiàn)詩歌有強烈的情感沖擊力。故A項正確?！久麕燑c睛】本文屬于判斷推理題中的人物性格、心情處境、態(tài)度及觀點等推斷題高考閱讀測試中有些題目考查學(xué)生對文章作者的主導(dǎo)思想、被描寫人物語氣、言談話語中流露的情緒、性格傾向和作用或文中人物的態(tài)度、觀點等方面的理解。做這一類題時一定注意：（1）由表及里地準(zhǔn)確把握字里行間的意思，切勿用自己的主觀想法或觀點代替作者的思想觀點。（2）特別注意那些描寫環(huán)境氣氛的語言，以及表達(dá)感情，態(tài)度觀點的詞語。要特別注意作者在文章中的措辭，尤其是感情色彩的形容詞。（3）能結(jié)合自己平時積累的有關(guān)英語國家的文化傳統(tǒng)、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣等背景知識來識別評價。以為例，根據(jù)文章最后一段“Ihavesincefalleninlovewithotherpoems,but“PattyPoem”remainsmypoem.Afterall,“PattyPoem”gavememyloveforpoetrynotbecauseitwasthepoemthatliftedmyspirits,butbecauseitwastheonethathurtmethemost.”可知這首詩讓作者感受了詩歌的美，讓作者愛上了詩歌，這首因為她發(fā)現(xiàn)詩歌有強烈的情感沖擊力。考點：考查記敘文閱讀（B）Istherelinkbetweenhumansandclimatechangeornot?Thisquestionwasfirststudiedintheearly1900s.Sincethen,manyscientistshavethoughtthatouractionsdomakeadifference.In1997,theKyotoProtocolexplainedourroleintheEarth’schangingatmosphereandsetinternationallimitsforgas

emissions(排放)from2008to2012.Somecountrieshavedecidedtocontinuethesereductionsuntil2020.Morerecently,theParisAgreement,stuckbynearly200countries,alsoaimstolimitglobalwarming.Butjustnowhowmuchwarmeritwillgetdependsonhowdeeplycountriescutcarbonemissions.3.5℃Thisishowmuchtemperatureswouldriseby2100evenifnationsliveuptotheinitialParispromisestoreducecarbonemissions;thisrisecouldstillputcoastalcitiesunderwateranddriveoverhalfofallspeciestoextinction.2℃Tomeetthisminimumgoal,theAgreementrequirescountriestotightenemissionstargetseveryfiveyears.Eventhisincreasecouldsinksomeislands,worse

drought(干旱)anddriveadeclineofuptoathirdinthenumberofspecies.1.5℃ThisisthemostambitiousgoalfortemperaturerisesetbytheParisAgreement,afterapushbylow-lyingislandnationslikeKiribati,whichsaylimitingtemperatureriseto1.5℃couldsavethemfromsinking.0.8℃Thisishowmuchtemperatureshaverisensincetheindustrialagebegan,puttingus40%ofthewaytothe2℃point.0℃70.Thebaselinehereisaverageglobaltemperaturebeforethestartoftheindustrialage.Itcanbeconcludedfromparagraph1that_______.theproblemofglobalwarmingwillhavebeenquitesolvedby2020gasemissionshavebeeneffectivelyreducedindevelopedcountriestheParisAgreementsismoreinfluentialthantheKyotoProtocolhumanshavemadecontinuouseffortstoslowdownglobalwarming71.IfnationscouldonlykeeptheinitialpromisesoftheParisAgreement,whatwouldhappenbytheyear2100?Thehumanpopulationwouldincreasebyonethird.Littleover50%ofallspecieswouldstillexist.Nationswouldnotneedtotightentheiremissionstargets.TheAgreement’sminimumgoalwouldnotbereached.72.Ifthoseislandnationsnotfarabovesealevelaretosurvive,themaximumtemperaturerise,sincethestartoftheindustrialage,shouldbe_______.0.8℃B.1.5℃2℃D.3.5℃【答案】70.D71.D72.B試題分析：本文介紹了人們一直努力減少溫室氣體的排放，并設(shè)立了到2100年我們應(yīng)該達(dá)成的目標(biāo)以及達(dá)成目標(biāo)要符合的條件。70.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段三至六句“Sincethen,manyscientistshavethoughtthatouractionsdomake

【名師點睛】細(xì)節(jié)理解題一直都是高考閱讀理解中?？嫉念}型，通常細(xì)節(jié)題的正確選項有以下特征：1、對原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行替換。把原文中的一些詞換成意義相近的詞，成為正確選項。2、詞性或者語態(tài)的變化。把原文中的一些詞變換一下詞性，或者改變原文句子的語態(tài)，給考生制造障礙。3、語言簡化。把原文中的復(fù)雜語言現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行簡化，成為正確答案。4、正話反說。把原文中的意思反過來表達(dá)而成為正確選項(適用于尋找錯誤選項的題目)。以本文為例，第四段1.5℃ThisisthemostambitiousgoalfortemperaturerisesetbytheParisAgreement,afterapushbylow-lyingislandnationslikeKiribati對于那些低海拔的國家來說溫度上升不超過1.5度，就可以避免他們被淹沒。干擾項也是以文章中的某個細(xì)節(jié)設(shè)題，若不仔細(xì)辨別，很容易把它當(dāng)成正確選項。干擾項有以下特征：1、將原文內(nèi)容擴大或縮小。把原文中的限定詞去掉或替換，使該選項看似正確，實際上卻是錯誤選項。2、把未然當(dāng)已然。改變文中某句話的時態(tài)，如把將來時變成現(xiàn)在時，把未發(fā)生的事情當(dāng)成已發(fā)生的事情。3、無中生有。即選項內(nèi)容是根據(jù)主觀想象或推測得出的結(jié)論，而文中并未涉及。4、偷換概念。把原來做該事的“張三”換成“李四”，所述細(xì)節(jié)確實與原文一致，一不小心就會誤選。5、文不對題。這類題最不容易辨別，選項中的描述與原文完全一致，確屬原文中的一個細(xì)節(jié)，這時要回到題干，看該選項是否能回答題干所提的問題?？键c：考查說明文閱讀(C)Enough“meaninglessdrivel”.That’sthemessagefromagroupofmembersoftheUKgovernmentwhohavebeenexamininghowsocialmediafirmslikeLinkedIngatherandusesocialmediadata.TheHouseofCommonsScienceandTechnologyCommittee’sreport,releasedlastweek,hasblamedfirmsformakingpeoplesignuptolongincomprehensiblelegalcontractsandcallsforaninternationalstandardor

kitemark

(認(rèn)證標(biāo)記)toidentifysitesthathavecleartermsandconditions.“Thetermandconditionsstatementthatweallcarelesslyagreetois

meaninglessdrivel

toanyone,”saysAndrewMiller,thechairofthecommittee.Instead,hesays,firmsshouldprovideaplain-Englishversionoftheirterms.Thesimplifiedversionwouldbecheckedbyathirdpartyandawardedakitemarkifitisanaccuratereflectionoftheoriginal.Itisnotyetclearwhowouldadministerthescheme,buttheUKgovernmentislookingatintroducingitonavoluntarybasis.“weneedtothinkthroughhowwemakethatworkinpractice,”saysMiller.Wouldwepayanymoreattentiontoakitemark?“Ithinkifyouwentanddidthesurvey,peoplewouldliketothinktheywould,”saysNigelShadboltattheUniversityofSouthampton,UK,whostudiesopendata.“Wedoknowpeopleworryalotabouttheinappropriateuseoftheirinformation.”Butwhatwouldhappeninpracticeisanothermatter,hesays.Otherorganisationssuchasbanksaskcustomerstosignlongcontractstheymaynotreadorunderstand