2021年高考英語二輪精講精練講義-專題-聽力經(jīng)典精講(上)-

聽力經(jīng)典精講（上）主講老師：林斌北京八十中學(xué)英語高級老師開篇語本講在高中學(xué)習(xí)中的地位及考查形式：主要考點(diǎn)梳理聽力的考查方式場景題型⑴地點(diǎn)題型⑵時間題型⑶人物關(guān)系題型⑷職業(yè)推斷題型推斷題型建議題型聽取信息（新題型）場景題型地點(diǎn)題型。常見的提問形式有：①Wheredoesthisconversationprobablytakeplace?②Wheredidithappen?③Whereis...?④Whatkindofstoreisshegoingto?例如：Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inthelibrary. B.Intheoffice. C.Inthebookstore.Wheredoesthisconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Inarestaurant. B.Inagrocery C.Inalibrary.時間題型。常見的提問方式有：①Whendoestheconversationtakeplace？②Whendoesthemanwanttoleave？③Howlongdidittakethemantowritehispaper？④Whendidthefootballmatchstart？Whendidthemanprobablyleavethegate?A.At12：00.B.At12：30.C.At1：00.WhattimedoesthelasttrainstartforOxford?A.At8：35am B.At8：35pm C.At7：25pm人物關(guān)系題型。常見的提問形式是：Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?Whatistherelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Doctorandpatient.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Bossandemployee.職業(yè)推斷題型。常見的提問形式有：①What'sthewoman'sjob?②What'stheprofession(職業(yè))oftheman?③Whoisthewomanprobablyspeakingto?1.Whatistheman?A.Ataxidriver.B.Abusdriver.C.Acinemamanager.推斷題型常見的提問形式有：①Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?②Whatdoestheconversationtellus?③Whycan'tthewomanfindthebook?④Whatisthemandoing?⑤Whatwilltheweatherbelike?⑥What'stheiropinionofLinda'sbrother?⑦Whatdoesthemanmean?⑧Whatcanweconcludefromtheman'sreply?⑨Whathappenedtothewoman?⑩Whatwastheconsequenceoftheaccident?Whatisthemandoing?A.Askingforhelp. B.Makingsuggestions.C.Showingtheway.Whataretheytalkingabout?A.Abook. B.AnAmerican.C.Aclub.建議題型Whatdoesthewomansuggest?A.Seeingthemovie.B.Goingtobedearly.C.Stayinguptilleleven.聽取信息DetailsoftheJobInterviewNameMr.CarterBraggTelephoneNo.8956061Whatthemancando·SpeakEnglishandSpanish.·Usea16.·Swim.·Workasa17in·Likeworkingwith18.WorkTimeEveryday,except19.PaymentAbout$20a聽力考試留意事項(xiàng)數(shù)字。數(shù)字型試題主要考查數(shù)字，包括數(shù)量、年齡、時間、價格等，可以毀滅在聽力考試的全部題型中。針對不同的數(shù)字型試題，考生可以實(shí)行記錄、推斷以及推斷等不同技巧進(jìn)行答題。提示1：如對電話號碼、門牌號、航班號、車牌號等，考生可實(shí)行聽寫記錄所需數(shù)字。提示2：對推斷類數(shù)字題需要在聽到的兩個或兩個以上數(shù)字中推斷符合題意的數(shù)字。提示3：對推斷類數(shù)字題則通常涉及到簡潔的數(shù)學(xué)四則運(yùn)算，需稍加計算，才能得出正確答案。由于聽力材料中往往會毀滅干擾內(nèi)容，這就要求考生認(rèn)真聽清原文，對數(shù)字格外敏感，任何數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)都需要精確記錄并能理清不同數(shù)字的來龍去脈。地點(diǎn)。地點(diǎn)型試題主要考查地點(diǎn)，該項(xiàng)內(nèi)容的考查多為以where開頭的特殊疑問句，如：Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?（這段對話最可能發(fā)生在什么場合？）解這類試題時，我們需要有一些積累和推斷。提示1：生疏、積累常用地名，如國家、首都、大城市、出名的標(biāo)志性建筑以及出名山川河流的名稱等。提示2：生疏、積累與各個地點(diǎn)場全部關(guān)的單詞、短語、句型和場景。提示3：依據(jù)對話內(nèi)容，結(jié)合生活常識進(jìn)行規(guī)律推斷，從而得知對話發(fā)生地點(diǎn)。由于地點(diǎn)型試題可能毀滅在填空中，因此考生還需要留意地點(diǎn)名稱的大小寫，做到拼寫精確規(guī)范。推斷。推斷型試題不僅包括推斷數(shù)字和地點(diǎn)，還?？疾橥瑢W(xué)對人物身份、關(guān)系、人物態(tài)度、情感以及大事緣由的推斷。一般來說，此類題通常毀滅在短對話中。提示1：平常生疏、積累不同人物身份及人物關(guān)系所對應(yīng)的單詞、短語、句型和場景，測試時依據(jù)對話內(nèi)容所供應(yīng)的稱呼語、關(guān)鍵詞，結(jié)合生活常識進(jìn)行推斷。提示2：生疏、積累不同語音語調(diào)所表達(dá)的不同意思，以及特定單詞、短語和句型所表達(dá)的隱含信息，進(jìn)行精確推斷。提示3：認(rèn)真聽清大事發(fā)生的全部過程及前因后果，去粗取精，去偽存真，才能找出大事發(fā)生的真正緣由。主題內(nèi)容。主題型試題主要考查同學(xué)對短對話或短文獨(dú)白的主要內(nèi)容的把握力氣。同學(xué)需要抓住關(guān)鍵字或主題句，依據(jù)所獲得的關(guān)鍵信息，進(jìn)行分析概括主題。聽力訓(xùn)練的幾個留意事項(xiàng)聽力力氣的提高必需要進(jìn)行聽力訓(xùn)練。但是聽力是受到多種因素制約的，一味地追求聽錄音的時間，不留意語言力氣的培育，不講究聽力訓(xùn)練的策略的話，是很難有效提高自己的聽力水平的。因此，建議考生高考復(fù)習(xí)時在聽力訓(xùn)練上留意把握以下幾個方面：培育正確的語音和語言技能?？忌匦璋盐諉卧~的正確發(fā)音，要能正確區(qū)分單詞的重讀、弱讀、爆破及失去爆破，學(xué)會辨別句子的連讀、節(jié)奏以及語調(diào)的變化。堅(jiān)持聽說訓(xùn)練。每天堅(jiān)持確定時間量的練習(xí)，形式可以是多種多樣的，如大聲朗讀課文或其他閱讀材料，邊聽磁帶邊朗讀，做些聽寫單詞、句子和短文填空之類的練習(xí)，也可以與同學(xué)一起練習(xí)對話等等。同是對大腦感官的刺激，聽與說是相輔相成的。留意語篇較長的聽力技巧訓(xùn)練。在聽較長的語篇時要留意整體的把握。留意的焦點(diǎn)應(yīng)當(dāng)是整個語篇的大意，而不是在個別詞語上。不要強(qiáng)迫聽清每一個詞，要把重點(diǎn)放在聽關(guān)鍵詞即實(shí)詞上，一邊聽一邊把要點(diǎn)及回答問題的關(guān)鍵詞登記來。留意重復(fù)的詞語，這些詞通常會給你一些線索，還會幫你回憶起在題目中聽過的人名和事物等名稱。留意聽短文的首句和首段，文章的開首和開首段，這些往往是對短文內(nèi)容的概括，如講話目的、主要內(nèi)容、作者、論點(diǎn)、故事發(fā)生的時間、地點(diǎn)及事由等。答題時學(xué)會利用聽錄音前的時間，快速地捕獲每個小題題干選項(xiàng)所供應(yīng)的信息，猜想短文或?qū)υ捒赡苌婕暗降膬?nèi)容，這樣聽錄音材料時就有的放矢，有所側(cè)重，提高答題的精確率。留意各選項(xiàng)中的主要區(qū)分?？忌赡軙吹揭恍┎煌拿只虻攸c(diǎn)或不同的動詞，這些不同之處將會幫你確定這道題中哪些是要聽的關(guān)鍵，即關(guān)鍵詞。聽力常見詞匯及句型重要詞匯：reserve/reservation,reception/receptionist/receptiondesk,register/registration/book名詞：rent,style,reservation,conference,grades,returnflights,accommodation,details,destination,flat/apartment,section,aking’sroom,shower,deadline動詞：reserve,spare,register,sign,appreciate形容詞：available,amazing,scaring,boring,incredible,grand,extra,awful,digital,punctual副詞：definitely,down,though,slightly詞組：checkout,startoff,lookinto,nowthat,inalongrun,onbehalfof,boundfor,apartfrom,tour/scenicspots,take/leaveamessage,dropinon/at,putsb.atease,dropsb.off,instock句型：1.Thenallset?2.Takeyourtime.3.Anythingbutcheap.4.Nowonder…5.It’sadeal.6.You’rekidding.7.Canwemakeit…?8.That’sthewayitis.9.Itdepends.10.It’snotintendedforscientists,either.北京聽力新題型重點(diǎn)是要留意要有對聽力材料進(jìn)行加工整理的意識，5道聽力聽寫題中至少有一道是這樣的題型。留意大小寫，名詞單復(fù)數(shù)，動詞的適當(dāng)形式等。另外，對于單詞的拼寫確定要重視，例如：星期：Saturday,Wednesday月份：February,November職業(yè)：clerk,accountant,receptionist,secretary地點(diǎn)：receptiondesk,gym,café,clinic人名：Johnson,Stevenson,Margaret其它:optimistic,environment,receive,belief…聽力題中聽取信息必備詞匯星期Sunday,Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,Friday,Saturday月份January,February,March,April,May,June,July,August,September,October,November,December一般人名/姓Mary,John,Tom,George,Susan,David,James,Jack,Jane…Smith,Brown,Taylor,Johnson,White,Williams,Black…常見國家/人民/語言America-American-AmericanCanada-Canadian-CanadianAustralia-Australian-AustralianAustria-Austrian-Austrian(奧地利)Brazil-Brazilian-BrazilianDenmark-Danish-DaneEgypt-Egyptian-EgyptianFrance-Frenchman/Frenchwoman-FrenchGermany-German(s)-German Britain-British-BritishGreece-Greek-GreekHolland-Dutchman-DutchIndia-Indian-IndianIndonesia-Indonesian-IndonesianIran-Iranian-Iranian Iraq-Iraqi-IraqiIreland-Irish-Irish Italy-Italian-ItalianKorea-Korean-KoreanMexico-Mexican-MexicanSingapore-Singaporean-SingaporeanSpain-Spaniard-SpanishPoland-Pole-PolishRussia-Russian-Russian常見城市London,NewYork,Athens(雅典)，Boston,Chicago,HongKong,Macao,Seattle,Tokyo,Soul(首爾)，Toronto,Washington,Ottawa(渥太華),Vancouver(溫哥華)，Paris,Berlin(柏林),Moscow(莫斯科),Sydney(悉尼)七大洲/四大洋Asian,Europe,Africa,NorthAmerica,SouthAmerica,Antarctica(南極洲)，Oceania(大洋洲)Pacific,Atlantic(大西洋)，IndianOcean,theArcticOcean科目名稱Physics(物理),Chemistry(化學(xué)),Biology(生物),Politics(政治),History(歷史),Geography(地理),Maths(數(shù)學(xué))天氣狀況常用詞weatherreport,wet,warm,cloudy,grey(陰天),sunny,snowy,dark,rainy,icy,foggy,storm，windy,fine,sunshine,snow,heavyrain,strongwind,cold,cool,hot,spring,summer,autumn/fall,winter旅館、餐廳常用詞bookabed,goDutch（各付各的帳）,tip,soup,menu,paythebill,food,beef,fish,egg,soup,dumpling,softdrink,steak,maindish(主菜)，waiter,waitress,wine,softdrink,salad,order,fastfoodshop,receptiondesk，restaurant,asingle/doubleroom,checkin（登記）,checkout（退房）商場、超市常用詞dosomeshopping,salesman,saleswoman,shoppingcart(購物手推車)，pricetag（價格標(biāo)簽）,fashion,men’ssuit,departmentstore,supermarket,onsale（減價出售）,check-outcounter（付賬臺）,size,color,T-shirt,shirt,sweater,shoes,trousers,jacket,shopassistant,tryon,style（款式）銀行、郵局常用詞bank,money,bankofficer,check,interest(利息),creditcard（信用卡），mail,postage（郵資）,envelop,stamp,cash,postoffice,airmail,package,letter,savingsaccount(儲蓄存款賬戶)學(xué)校、家庭常用詞homework,exam,test,mid-term/finalexamination,marks,textbook,playground,department,Bachelor’sdegree,Master’sdegree,Doctor’sdegree,campus,lecture,dormitory,semester,term,dining-hall,swimming-pool,courses,foreignlanguage,gym,housewife,housework,bed-room,kitchen,waiting-room,dining-room,sofa,chair,table,dressing-table,cupboard(廚柜),furniture機(jī)場、車站等交通常用詞：luggage,baggage,airline,airport,passport,check,railway/trainstation,expresstrain(快車),platform,sleepingcar,seatbelt,takeoff,land,boardingcard（登機(jī)卡）,Gate1,flightnumber(班機(jī)號碼),nonstopflight(直達(dá)航班)，arrivaltime,conductor,ticketoffice,plane,passenger;warninglight,roadsign,motorway,one-way(單程的),rou