2022天津市高考英語一輪閱讀理解專題選練及參考答案12

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Haveyoueverlookedtowardtheskyonafalldayandwitnessedagroupofmigratingbirds?Ifso,youprobablynotedtheV-shapedformationofthebirdsorthebirdsflyinginaball-likeformation.Whydobirdsflythisway?Manytheorieshavebeendevelopedtoexplaintheformationpatternsofdifferenttypesofbirds.Onetheoryisthatbirdsflyincertainformationstotakeadvantageofthelawsofnature.ThebirdsknowthatflyinginaV-shapedpatternwillsaveenergy.Liketheleadcyclistinaracewhodecreaseswindforceforthecyclistswhofollow,theleadbirdcutswindforceforthebirdsthatfollow.Thisdecreaseinwindforcemeansthatthebirdsuseupto70percentlessenergyduringtheirflight.Whentheleadbirdbecomestired,amorerestedbirdtakesoverthatposition.Butsavingenergyisimportantformorethanonereason.Sometimesfoodisshortduringmigrationflights.Keepingenergyenablesthebirdstoflylongerdistancesbetweenmeals.Whenfoodissighted,thebirdsguideoneanotherinadifferentway.Whenabirdidentifiesafamiliarfeedingarea,itmightturnaroundinordertosignalthegrouptochangedirection.Then,thisbirdbecomesthenewleader.Ithelpsguaranteethatotherbirdswillknowexactlywhereitisgoing.Thenthewholegroupmakesachangeindirection,gentlystreamingfromtheskydowntotheground.Thisformationislikeanarrowpointingtothelocationoffood.Scientistshavealsostudiedthebirdsthatsometimesflyinaball-likeformation.Researchersbelievethatthebirdscometogetherifapredator（天敵）isspotted.Thepredatormaythenbecomeimpatientwaitingforasinglebirdtoflyawayfromthegroup.Thebirdswilloftendipanddiveasagroup,frustratingeventhemostpersistentenemy.Scientistsreportthatthisisaveryeffectivemethodofdefenseagainstanattack.Thebirdscarefortheirfellowfliersthroughteamwork.AstransportationexpertHenryFordoncesaid,“Ifeveryoneismovingforwardtogether,thensuccesstakescareofitself.”Whenitcomestoteamwork,thesefeatheredfliersareasoaringsuccess!1.Accordingtothepassage,wecanlearnthatbirds___________.A.movefasterthancyclistsB.prefertoflyinaVformationC.aresmarterthanotheranimalsD.playdifferentrolesinaformation2.Whenfoodissighted,____________.A.thegroupfollowsthediscovererB.theleadbirddecideswhattodoC.thediscovererleavesthegroupD.thewholegroupformsastream3.Toprotectthemselvesfromattack,birdswill_____________.A.breakintogroups B.comeclosetogetherC.changedirections D.flyupanddown4.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.ABird’s-EyeViewofTeamwork.B.SuccessTakesCareofItself.C.TheStrongestWillSurvive.D.AScienceBehindFlying.【參考答案】1—4、DA BA 【2022高考英語湖北省漢陽市聯(lián)考試題】C.400-year-oldplantsfromtheLittleIceAgewerebroughtbacktolife,whichcouldhelpusunderstandhowtheEarthwilldealwithclimatechange.Moss(蘚類植物)foundburiedbeneaththeTeardropglacier(冰川)onEllesmereIslandinCanadahasbeenbroughtbacktolife.Findingssuggestthattheseplantscouldhelprepopulateregionsexposedbymeltingicecaps.PlantsthatwereburiedbeneaththickiceinCanadamorethan400yearsagoandwerethoughttohavefrozentodeathhavebeenbroughtbacktolifebyCanadianscientists.Samplesofthemossplant,coveredbytheglacierduringtheLittleIceAgeof1550to1850AD,werereplantedinalabattheUniversityofAlbertaandgrewnewstems(莖).Researchersnowthinkthesefindingscangiveindicationastohowregionscanrecoverastheicecoveringthemmelts.BiologistDr.CatherineLaFargeandherteamattheUniversityofAlbertawereexploringtheregionaroundtheTeardropglacieronEllesmereIsland.IceonEllesmereIslandregionhasbeenmeltingataroundfourmeterseachyearforthepastnineyears.Thismeansthatmanyareasoflandthatwerepreviouslycoveredbyicehavesincebeenexposed.ManyecosystemsthatwerethoughttohavebeendestroyedduringtheLittleIceAgebetween1550and1850ADcannowbestudied,includingmanyspeciesthathaveneverbeenstudiedbefore.Whileexamininganexposedareaofland,LaFargeandherteamdiscoveredasmallareaofmosscalledAulacomniumturgidum.Itisatypeofbryophyte(苔蘚類植物)plantthatmainlygrowsacrossCanada,theUSandtheHighlandsofScotland.DrLaFargenoticedthatthemosshadsmallpatchesofgreenstems,suggestingitiseithergrowingagainorcanbeencouragedtorepopulate.DrLaFargetoldtheBBC,“Whenwelookedatthesamplesindetailandbroughtthemtothelab,Icouldseesomeofthestemsactuallyhadnewgrowthofgreenbranches,suggestingthattheseplantsaregrowingagain,andthatblewmymind.Whenwethinkofthickareasoficecoveringthelandscape,we’vealwaysthoughtthatplantshavetocomefromrefugia(瀕絕生物疼惜區(qū)),neverconsideringthatlandplantscomefromunderneathaglacier.It’sawholeworldofwhat’scomingoutfromunderneaththeglacierthatreallyneedstobestudied.Theiceisdisappearingprettyfast.Wereallyhavenotexaminedallthebiologicalsystemsthatexistintheworld;wedon’tknowitall.”DrLaFargetooksamplesofthemossand,usingcarbon-datingtechniques,discoveredthattheplantsdatebacktotheLittleIceAge.DrLaFarge’steamtookthesamples,plantedthemindishesfullofnutrient-richpottingsoilandfedthemwithwater.ThesampleswerefromfourseparatespeciesincludingAulacomniumturgidum,Distichiumcapillaceum,EncalyptaproceraandSyntrichiaruralis.ThemossplantsfoundbyDrLaFargearetypesofbryophytes.Bryophytescansurvivelongwintersandregrowwhentheweathergetswarmer.However,DrLaFargewassurprisedthattheplantsburiedundericehavesurvivedintothetwenty-firstcentury.Herfindingsappearinproceedings（論文集）oftheNationalAcademyofSciences.59.DrLaFarge’sresearchisofgreatimportanceto________.A.knowingwhattheplantsduringtheLittleIceAgewerelikeB.understandinghowecosystemsrecoverfromglaciers.C.regrowingmanyspeciesthathavebeendestroyedbefore.D.figuringouttheeffectsofmeltingicecapsonmoss.60.Theunderlinedpart“blewmymind”inParagraph6canbestbereplacedby“________”.A.surprisedmeB.greatlyfrightenedmeC.putmydoubtoutofmymindD.wasexactlywhatIhadinmymind61.Accordingtothepassage,Aulacomniumturgidum________.A.livesbetterinsmallgroups B.isveryactiveinhotweatherC.isstrongenoughtosurvivecoldnessD.ischosenfromCanadianrefugia62.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Bryophyteecologyisgreatlyaffectedbyclimatechange.B.400-year-oldmoss’ssurvivalisamysterytosolve.C.MossinancienttimeswasdiscoveredinCanada.D.400-year-oldplantswerebroughtbacktolife.【參考答案】59、ＢＡ61-62ＣＤ【2022高考英語湖北省漢陽市聯(lián)考試題】D.Today,inmanyhighschools,teachingisnowatechnicalmiracleofcomputerlabs,digitalcameras,DVDplayersandlaptops.Teacherscane-mailparents,postmessagesforstudentsononlinebulletin(公告，告示)boards,andtakeattendancewithaquickmovementofamouse.Eventhoughwearenowlivinginthedigitalage,thebasicandmostimportantelementofeducationhasnotchanged.Moststudentsstillneedthatone-on-one,teacher-studentrelationshiptolearnandtosucceed.TeenagersneedinstructioninEnglish,mathorhistory,buttheyalsowantpersonaladviceandencouragement.Kidstalkwithmeabouttheirfamilies,theirweekendplans,theirfavoriteTVshowsandtheirrelationshipproblems.InmyEnglishandjournalismclasses,wetalkaboutShakespeareandpersuasive(富有哲理的)essays,butwealsodiscusscollegebasketball,thewarinIraqandcareerchoices.Studentsshowmepicturesoftheirrebuiltcars,theirfamilyvacations,andtheirnewbornbabybrothers.Thispersonalconnectionisthenecessarylinkbetweenteachersandstudentsthatnoamountoftechnologycanimproveuponorreplace.AfewyearsagoIhadastudentinsophomoreEnglishwhowasstrugglingwithmyclassandwithschoolingeneral.Althoughhewasahumorousyoungmanwholikedtojokearound,Iknewhisfamilylifewasfarfromideal.WheneverIapproachedhimaboutmissinghomeworkorlowtestgrades,healwayshadthesamereply,“Itdoesn'tmatterbecauseI'mquittingschoolanyway.”Eventhoughhealwayssaidthisinahalf-teasingway,Iknewheneededtohearmydifferentopinionandmy“valueofahighschooleducation”lecture.Heneededtohearthisspeechfromme.Afterheleftmyclass,hestruggledthroughthenexttwoyearsofschool.But,hedidfinallygraduatebecausewekepttellinghimtohanginthere.We’dcaredabouthimfinishingschool.Recently,IsawthisformerstudentworkingatalocalItalianrestaurant.ItoldhimagainhowproudIwasofhim.Hesaidthathewashopingtogobacktoschooltobecomeacertifiedelectrician.Iencouragedhimtogetthattraining.Studentsrelyoncompassionateteacherstoguide,totutor,tolisten,tolaughandtocrywiththem.Teachersprovidethemostimportantlinkintheeducationalprocess—thehumanone.63.Thefirstparagraphmainlytalksabout_____________.A.thevarietyofmodernteachingmethods.B.thewideuseofmoderntechnologyineducationC.theimportanceofteacher-parentrelationship.D.theimportanceofusingmoderntechnology.64.Theunderlinedword“compassionate”inPara5means____________.A.ambitiousB.knowledgeableC.sympatheticD.generous65.Accordingtothetext,themostimportantelementineducationis_________.A.teachers’goodinstructionB.advancedtechnologyC.teachers’encouragementD.personalconnection66.Theauthorstateshisviewofeducationby__________.A.exampleB.descriptionC.figureD.comparison【參考答案】63、BCD66、APassageTen(TheImportanceofIndependentThinking)

Noonecanbeagreatthinkerwhodoesnotrealizethatasathinkeritisherfirstdutyto

followherintellecttowhateverconclusionsitmaylead.Truthgainsmoreevenbytheerrorsofonewhowithduestudyandpreparation,thinksforhimself,thanbythetrueopinionsofthosewhoonlyholdthembecausetheydonotsufferthemselvestothink.Nothatitissolely,ofchiefly,toformgreatthinkersthatfreedomofthinkingisrequired.Onethecontrary,itisasmuchorevenmoreindispensabletoenableaveragehumanbeingstoattainthementalstaturewhichtheyarecapableof.Therehavebeenandmanyagainbegreatindividualthinkersinageneralatmosphereofmentalslavery.Butthereneverhasbeen,noreverwillbe,inthatatmosphereanintellectuallyactivepeople.Whereanyofheterodoxspeculationwasforatimesuspended,wherethereisatacitconventionthatprinciplesarenottobedisputed:wherethediscussionofthegreatestquestionswhichcanoccupyhumanityisconsideredtobeclosed,wecannothopetofindthatgenerallyhighscaleofmentalactivitywhichhasmadesomeperiodsofhistorysoremarkable.Neverwhencontroversyavoidedthesubjectswhicharelargeandimportantenoughtokindleenthusiasmwasthemindofapeoplestirredupfro9mitsfoundationandtheimpulsegivenwhichraisedevenpersonsofthemostordinaryintellecttosomethingofthedignityofthinkingbeings.

Shewhoknowsonlyherownsideofthecaseknowslittleofthat.Herreasonsmaybefood,andnoonemayhavebeenabletorefutethem.Butifshesequallyunabletorefutethereasonsoftheoppositeside;ifshedoesnotsomuchasknowwhattheyare,shehasnogroundforpreferringeitheropinion.Therationalpositionforherwouldbesuspensionofjudgment,andunlessshecontentsherselfwiththat,sheiseitherledbyauthority,oradopts,likethegeneralityoftheworldthesidetowhichshefeelsthemostinclination.Norisitenoughthatsheshouldheattheargumentsofadversariesfromherownteachers,presentedastheystatethem,andaccompaniedbywhattheyofferasrefutations,Thatisnotthewaytodojusticetothearguments,orbringthemintorealcontactwithherownmind.Shemustbeabletohearthemformpersonswhoactuallybelievethem;whodefendtheminearnest,anddotheirveryutmostforthem.Shemustknowthemintheirmostplausibleandpersuasiveform;shemustfeelthewholeforceofthedifficultywhichthetrueviewofthesubjecthastoencounteranddisposeof;elseshewillneverreallypossessherselfoftheportionoftruthwhichmeetsandremovesthatdifficulty.Ninety-nineinahundredofwhatarecallededucatedpersonsareinthiscondition;evenofthosewhocanarguefluentlyfortheiropinions.Theirconclusionmaybetrue,butitmightbefalseforanythingtheyknow;theyhaveneverthrownthemselvesintothementalpositionofthosewhothinkdifferentlyformthemandconsideredwhatsuchpersonsmayhavetosay;andconsequentlytheydonot,inanypropersenseoftheword,knowthedoctrineswhichtheythemselvesprofess.

1.Thebesttitleforthispassageis

[A]TheAgeofReason

TheneedforIndependentThinking

[C]TheValueofReason

[D]StirringPeople’sMinds

2.Accordingtotheauthor,itisalwaysadvisableto

[A]haveopinionswhichcannotberefuted.

adoptthepointofviewtowhichonefeelsthemostinclination.

[C]beacquaintedwiththeargumentsfavoringthepointofviewwithwhichonedisagrees,

[D]suspendheterodoxspeculationinfavorofdoctrinaireapproaches.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,inagreatperiodsuchastheRenaissancewemayexpecttofind

[A]acceptanceoftruth

controversyoverprinciples

[C]inordinateenthusiasm

[D]

adreadofheterodoxspeculation

4.Accordingtotheauthor,thepersonwhoholdsorthodoxbeliefswithoutexaminationmaybedescribedinallofthefollowingwaysEXCEPTas

[A]enslavedbytradition

lessthanfullyrational

[C]determindedoncontroversy

[D]

havingaclosedmind

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements

[A]Atrulygreatthinkermakesnomistakes.

Periodsofintellectualachievementareperiodsofunorthodoxreflection,

[C]The

refutationofacceptedideascanbestbeprovidedbyone’sownteachers.

[D]excessivecontroversypreventsclearthinking,

Vocabulary

1.

stature

高度，境界，狀況

2.

heterodox

不合乎公認(rèn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的，異端的，異教的

3.

tacit

心照不宣

4.

refute

反對(duì)

5.

adversary

對(duì)立面，對(duì)手，敵人

6.

plausible

擅長花言巧語的/辭令的，好像有理的/有可能的

7.

doctrine

教義，學(xué)說

8.

profess

表示，明言，承認(rèn)，自稱，信奉

難句譯注

1.

Truegainsmoreevenbytheerrorsofonewhowithduestudyandpreparation,thinksforhimself,thenbythetrueopinionsofthosewhoonlyholdthembecausetheydonotsufferthemselvestothink.

[參考譯文]

真理甚至從一個(gè)經(jīng)過恰當(dāng)爭辯和預(yù)備進(jìn)行獨(dú)立思考的人的錯(cuò)誤中獲得更多的東西，而從那些只是由于不予思考卻持有正確的觀點(diǎn)中獲得的少（一種經(jīng)過恰當(dāng)?shù)臓庌q和預(yù)備進(jìn)行獨(dú)立思考的人犯的錯(cuò)誤，另一種人是不予思考的卻持有正確的觀點(diǎn)，真理從前者錯(cuò)誤中獲得的東西比從后者的正確觀點(diǎn)中獲得的要多）。

2.

mentalslavery

思想禁錮，精神受奴役狀態(tài)

3.

Neverwhencontroversyavoidedthesubjectswhicharelargeandimportantenoughto

kindleenthusiasmwasthemindofapeoplestirredupfromitsfoundationandtheimpulsegivenwhichraisedevenpersonsofthemostordinaryintellecttosomethingofthedignityofthinkingbeings.

[結(jié)構(gòu)簡析]

這是一句以Never否定詞開頭的倒裝句，正常的句序應(yīng)把never放在句中，形成：themindofpeoplewasneverstirredupfromitsfoundations

[參考譯文]

當(dāng)辯論比開重大課題，重大到足以燃起/激起人們激/熱忱的課題時(shí)，那么一個(gè)民族的思想絕不會(huì)從天賦的情感和原始的基礎(chǔ)上升華，甚至使最一般智力的人上升到優(yōu)點(diǎn)莊重的思想家水平上。

4.

Therationalpositionforherwouldbesuspensionofjudgement,andunlessshecontentsherselfwiththat,sheiseitherledbyauthority,oradopts,likethegeneralityoftheworld,thesidetowhichshefeelsthemostinclination.

[參考譯文]

對(duì)她來說理智的立場是停止推斷，而且除非她滿足于這一點(diǎn)，否則，她不是為權(quán)威人物的觀點(diǎn)所左右，后者就像世界上蕓蕓眾生一樣，倒向她感覺最傾向的一邊。

5.

Thatisnotthewaytodojusticetothearguments,orbringthemintotealcontactwithherownmind.

[結(jié)構(gòu)簡析]

dojusticeto公正對(duì)待，適當(dāng)處理。Bring……intocontactwith使和……接觸／聯(lián)系。

[參考譯文]

這不是對(duì)正確觀點(diǎn)評(píng)價(jià)的方法，也不能使自己的思想真正接觸到論點(diǎn)的實(shí)質(zhì)。

6.

Shemustknowthemintheirmostplausibleandpersuasiveform;shemustfeelthewholeforceofthedifficultywhichthetrueviewofthesubjecthastoencounteranddisposeof;elseshewillneverreallypossessherselfoftheportionoftruthwhichmeet