【高考復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)】2021屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)課堂講練--專題三-代詞-

專題三代詞1.(2022·安徽卷)Youcanaskanyoneforhelp.________hereiswillingtolendyouahand.A.OneB.NooneC.EveryoneD.Someone2.(2022·江蘇卷)Goodfamiliesaremuchtoalltheirmembers,but________tonone.A.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothing3.(2022·福建卷)Insomecountries,peopleeatwithchopsticks,whilein________，knivesandforks.A.anotherB.othersC.bothD.all4.(2022·江西卷)—WhenshallIcall,inthemorningorafternoon?—________.I'llbeinallday.A.AnyB.NoneC.NeitherD.Either5.(2022·浙江卷)Anaverageofjust18.75cmofrainfelllastyear,making________thedriestyearsinceCaliforniabecameastatein1850.A.eachB.itC.thisD.one6.(2022·大綱卷)—Who'sthatatthedoor?—________isthemilkman.A.HeB.ItC.ThisD.That7.(2022·山東卷)Susanmade________cleartomethatshewishedtomakeanewlifeforherself.A.thatB.thisC.itD.her8.(2022·陜西卷)I'dappreciate________ifyoucouldletmeknowinadvancewhetherornotyouwillcome.A.itB.youC.oneD.this9.(2022·四川卷)She'dlivedinLondonandManchester,butsheliked________andmovedtoCambridge.A.bothB.neitherC.noneD.either10.(2022·重慶卷)Asmilecosts________butgivesmuch.A.anythingB.somethingC.nothingD.everything1.【答案】C【解析】句意：你可以向任何人求助。這兒的每個(gè)人都樂意掛念你。one(某一個(gè)人、物)表泛指；noone＝nobody(沒有人)；everyone(每個(gè)人)強(qiáng)調(diào)全體；someone(某個(gè)人)。本句強(qiáng)調(diào)全部人都情愿，故選C項(xiàng)。2.【答案】C【解析】句意：優(yōu)秀的家庭對家庭成員們來說意味著很多，但并不是一切。something(某些事情；重要人物)；anything(任何事情，一些事情)；nothing(沒有東西，無關(guān)緊要的東西)。everything(一切)符合句意。3.【答案】B【解析】句意：在一些國家，人們用筷子吃飯，而在其他國家，人們用刀叉。some...,others...是對稱結(jié)構(gòu)。4.【答案】D【解析】句意：——我什么時(shí)候打電話過來？早晨還是下午？——都可以，我一天都在。依據(jù)句意應(yīng)答者在早晨和下午兩種狀況中作出選擇。A、B兩項(xiàng)表三者或三者以上的狀況；neither表兩者都不。5.【答案】B【解析】句意：去年平均降雨量為18.75厘米，讓去年成為1850年加利福尼亞建州以來最干燥的一年。each表三者或以上的任何一個(gè)；it指上文提及的同一事物；this指代上文或下文內(nèi)容；one指代可數(shù)名詞，表泛指。本句中it指lastyear。6.【答案】B【解析】句意：——誰在門邊？——是送奶工。it指代一位性別不明的小孩或未知的人(如敲門等)，符合本句情形。7.【答案】C【解析】句意：Susan向我說清楚了她期望有自己的新生活。it是形式賓語，真正賓語為that從句。8.【答案】A【解析】句意：假如你能提前讓我知道你是否來，我將感謝不盡。Iwouldappreciateitif/when...(假如……我將感謝不盡)是固定句式。9.【答案】B【解析】句意：她曾在倫敦和曼徹斯特生活過，但這兩個(gè)地方她都不寵愛，于是搬到了劍橋。none表三者或以上的否定；both(兩者都)；either(兩者中的任何一個(gè))。neither(兩者都不)符合題意。10.【答案】C【解析】句意：微笑不要我們花費(fèi)任何東西，但賜予我們很多。本題中的關(guān)鍵詞是but，說明上下文之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所選之詞要和后面的much表相反的意思，故選C項(xiàng)。高考代詞主要考查不定代詞、替代詞、it的用法以及復(fù)合代詞。閱讀理解的選項(xiàng)中有時(shí)會消滅對全部否定與部分否定的推斷。要點(diǎn)儲備一：代詞主要用來指代人、事物或大事，就是代替消滅過的特定詞、短語或句子，避開重復(fù)。有以下幾類1人稱代詞主格I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they賓格me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them用人稱代詞作簡略回答時(shí)，要用賓格。如：—Whoisknockingatthedoor？—Me,Tom.2物主代詞形容詞性my,your,his,her,its,our,their名詞性mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,theirs3反身代詞myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves4指示代詞this,that,these,those,such,some5疑問代詞who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whichever,whatever6關(guān)系代詞that,which,who,whom,whose,as7不定代詞one/some/any,each/every＋n.,none/no,many/much,few/little/afew/alittleother/another,all/both,neither/either8復(fù)合代詞someone,somebody,something,anyone,anybody,anything,everyone,everybody,everything,nobody,noone,nothing9兼作形容詞的不定代詞each，all,any,none,both,either,neither,few,little,many,much,some10相互代詞eachother,oneanother要點(diǎn)儲備二：不定代詞用法留意點(diǎn)1.one,some與any詞匯用法舉例one可以泛指任何人，復(fù)數(shù)為onesOneshouldlearntothinkofothers.some多用于確定句；也可用于疑問句，表示期望得到確定的答復(fù)，或者表示建議、懇求等Ihavesomequestionstoask.Wouldyoulikesomebananas？Couldyougivemesomemoney？Ihavereadthisarticleinsomemagazine.Therearesome3，000studentsinthisschool.some修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí)，表示某個(gè)(＝acertain)；some和數(shù)詞連用時(shí)，表示“大約”any多用于疑問句和否定句中，以及if之后Pleasecorrectthemistakes,ifany.Doyoufeelanybettertoday？any修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí)，表示“任何一個(gè)”；any可與比較級連用，表示程度2.no，none,noone,nobody與nothing詞匯用法舉例no等于notany/a/an，作定語Thereisnosuchpersonintheoffice.none既可指人也可指物，既可指可數(shù)名詞，也可指不行數(shù)名詞；用于回答Howmany/much疑問句Howmuchwateristhereinthebottle？—None.Noneofthestudentsare(is)afraidofdifficulties.I'dlikesomebread,buttherewasnoneinthefridge.noone＝nobody一般指人，其后不能加of短語；作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；指代句子前面消滅的somebody/anybody/everybody；用于回答Who疑問句Whotoldyouthenews？—Nobody.Ireadthenewspaper.—Isthereanyoneintheroom？—Nobody/Noone.nothing泛指，只表物；作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；指代句子前面消滅的something/anything/everything；用于回答What疑問句What'sinthebox?—Nothing.Nothingisimpossibleifyouputyourheartintoit.3.other,theother與another詞匯用法舉例other泛指“另外的，別的”，常與其他詞連用：some/any/no/every＋other＋名詞some...others;one...theother;eachother;nootherbut(不是正是)theotherday,everyotherweek,someotherreason,nootherwayJohnisn'there.Hemightbeinsomeotherroom.Idon'tlikethiscolor.Doyouhaveanyothers？HeisnootherbutTom.theother特指兩者中的另外一個(gè)，復(fù)數(shù)為theothers，等同于“the＋名詞復(fù)數(shù)”Heheldabookinonehandandhisnotesintheother.Twostudentsinourclassfailed,butalltheotherspassedtheexam.another意為“又一個(gè)，另一個(gè)”，無所指，復(fù)數(shù)形式是others，泛指“別的人/事”；another與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用表“另外”常用短語：one...another(一個(gè)，另一個(gè))；oneanother(彼此)Idon'tlikethisshirt;pleaseshowmeanother(one).Thetrousersaretoolong;pleasegivemeanotherpair/someothers.Somelikefootball,whileotherslikebasketball.Anotherthreestudents/Threeotherstudentswerelatethismorning.Anotherfiveminutes/FivemoreminutesandI'llfinishthework.4.all,both,neither與either詞匯用法舉例all表物時(shí)，all＝everything，其謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；表人時(shí)，all＝allthepeople,其謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；加否定詞表示部分否定，全部否定用none，nothing，nobodyAllofthebooksarenotwritteninEnglish.＝NotallofthebooksarewritteninEnglish.＝SomeofthebooksarewritteninEnglish.Somearenot.both加否定詞表示部分否定，全部否定用neither,等同于not...eitherBothofusarenotteachers.＝Notbothofusareteachers.＝Eitherofusisateacher.either意為“兩者中的任何一個(gè)”either...or...意為“要么……，要么……”；not...either＝neither；Idon'tlikeeitherofthewatches.＝Ilikeneitherofthewatches.Youcaneitherstayorleave.It'suptoyou.—Willyougotherebybusorbycar？—Neither.Iwillgotherebytrain.5.it,that,one,ones,those與theones詞匯用法舉例it代替前面提到的同一個(gè)名詞；或指代上文內(nèi)容；用于肯定句式Fathersearchedeverywhereforhisgoldenwatch,butcouldn'tfinditanywhere.that指代不行數(shù)名詞，表特指時(shí)，等同于theone;若后置定語為of引起的介詞短語時(shí)，則通常用that，指人或后有前置定語修飾時(shí)只能用theoneTheweatherofBeijingiscolderthanthatofGuangzhou.Yourdictionaryismoreusefulthantheonemyunclegaveme.Fewpleasurescanequalthatofacooldrinkonahotday.oneone與ones用來代替上文的一個(gè)或多個(gè)人或事物，前面可以加冠詞、形容詞、指示代詞、which等Auntgavemeaveryvaluablepresent,one(＝apresent)thatIhadneverseen.Whichdoyouwant？—Theredone.Greenapplesoftentastebetterthanredones.onesthose在口語中，多用those來替代特指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，尤其是當(dāng)其后有of引導(dǎo)的介詞短語或who引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾時(shí)(＝theones)；代替特指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，通常用theonesHisideasarelittledifferentfromthoseofhisfriends.Studentswhodowellinexaminationsarethose/theoneswhoaskquestionsinclass.Aretheytheoneswhomovedhererecently？I'dliketotryonthoseshoes,theonesatthefrontofthewindow.theones6.this,these,that與those用法例句this/these一般指在時(shí)間或距離上離講話者較近的人或物，that/those則表示在時(shí)間或距離上離講話者較遠(yuǎn)的人或物ThatiswhatIexplainedyesterday；thisiswhatIwanttoexplainnow.this有時(shí)指代前面的整個(gè)句子或整段描述，也可指代即將進(jìn)行的描述；that一般只指代上文Ifweputourfoodintoarefrigeratoritbecomesverycoldandthiscanstopitfromgoingbad.that/those可指代前面所提及的同類名詞，以避開重復(fù)Thespeedofradiowavesisequaltothatoflight.Themagazinesontheshelfseemmoredifficulttoreadthanthoseonthedesk.this/that有時(shí)可用作狀語，表示程度，意為“這么”“那么”That'sabeautifulleatherwallet,butIcan'taffordtopaythatmuch.要點(diǎn)儲備三：“it”用法及其句型和固定搭配，是高中英語語法的重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)，又是近幾年高考的熱點(diǎn)，因此應(yīng)賜予足夠的重視用法例句實(shí)詞指代前文提到的事物；替代前文中的內(nèi)容Iboughtapenlastweekbutitismissingnow.Hefailedintheexamagain.Itmadehimverysad.指代一位性別不明的小孩或未知的人(如敲門，打電話時(shí)用)；指代未指明但談話雙方都知道的那件事Whocanbeknockingatthedoor?—ItmustbeTom.Heiswelloverfifty,butdoesn'tlookit.指代時(shí)間、天氣、環(huán)境、氣候、距離等自然現(xiàn)象Itwasnearlymidnightwhenhecameback.Welcometomyhomeifitisconvenienttoyou.替代模糊概念，無補(bǔ)語，指代從句所敘內(nèi)容Idon'tlikeitwhenpeoplespeakwiththeirmouthfull.Youcandependonitthathewillcometoyourhelp.形式主語替代作主語的動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、主語從句：Itbe＋adj.＋(forsb.)todosth.Itbe＋adj.＋ofsb.todosth.It's(well)worthdoing...It's＋n．/adj./v.－ed＋that從句It＋vi.＋that/wh－從句It＋vt.＋sb.＋that從句Itisillegal(forateenager)todriveacarwithoutalicense.It'skindofyoutohelpmewiththeproblem.It'snousecryingoverspiltmilk.Itisnosecret/surprisethatthepresidentwantstohaveasecondtermatoffice.Itisveryclearthathe'sroundandtalllikeatree.Itissaidthatthecouplehavegotdivorced.It'snotsettledwhetherIamgoingabroad.Itappearsthatitisgoingtorain.Itturnedoutthattheordinarymanwasarichone.Itmakesnodifferencewhowilltakethepost.Itworriedmethatshedrovesofast.形式賓語vt.＋it＋n./adj.vt.＋it＋adj./n.(one's)doingv.＋it＋as＋n．/adj.＋從句v.＋it＋prep.＋that從句(句型詳見名詞性從句)Weconsideritourdutytoprotecttheenvironment.I'llmakeitworthyourwhiletellingmeabouthissecret.Ithinkitnousearguingwiththestubbornman.Ithinkitimportantthatyou(should)attendtheconference.Thelecturertakesitasencouragingwhensomanystudentsattendhislecture.Thestudentowesittohistutorthathesucceeded.Don'tbothertoarrangeanything.Justleaveittometosortout.Itakeitthatyouwantedsomethingelse.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型Itis/was＋強(qiáng)調(diào)物＋that＋句子余下部分Itis/was＋強(qiáng)調(diào)人＋who/that＋句子余下部分★強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的主語、賓語和狀語等，連接詞不行使用when,where,howWhenwasitthathechangedhismind？Iwonderwhatitwasthatmadehimsad.Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn'tcometoschoolyesterday.ItwasnotuntilhetookoffhisdarkglassesthatIrealizedhewasmybrother與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型易混句型Itisthefirsttimethat＋現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Itwasthefirsttimethat＋過去完成時(shí)Itis(high)timethat＋過去時(shí)/shoulddoIt's...since＋過去時(shí)Itwillbe...before＋現(xiàn)在時(shí)Itwas...before＋過去時(shí)Itwas＋時(shí)間名詞＋when...Itwas＋地點(diǎn)名詞＋where...Itwas＋狀語＋that...It'sthethirdtimethathehasfailedthedrivingtest.Itwasthefirsttimethathehadbeenabroad.It's(about/high)timethatweshouldtakeaction.ItistwoyearssinceIsawhimlasttime.ItwasyearssinceIhadseenher.Itwasnotlongbeforetheyarrived.Itwillbelongbeforemydreamcomestrue.Itwas7o'clockwhenhecamehereyesterday.常用的固定搭配及其他句型Ittakessb.sth.todo...It's(just)(un)likesb.todo...makeit(成功做到，趕上，準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)；商定好時(shí)間)asitis(事實(shí)上；照原樣)that'sit(至此為止，沒有別的；對啦)Asithappened,...(真不湊巧，真圓滿)Asitturnedout,...(最終被證明是)Believeitornot(信不信由你)It'suptosb.(由某人打算，由某人負(fù)責(zé)，取決于某人)ifitweren'tfor.../ifithadn'tbeenfor...(要不是……)(其余it口語用法見情景交際)Ittookthemenaweektomendourroof.Itwas(just)likehimtothinkofhelpingus.It'shardtomakeittothetopinshowbusiness.—Shallwemeetnextweek？—OK.WejustmakeitnextSaturday.Leavethetableasitis.Youcanhaveonemoresweet,andthat'sit.—Iguessthekeytotheproblemisthechoice“A”．—That'sit.Asithappened,theywereoutwhenIcalledonthemyesterday.Asitturnedout,hisstatementwasfalse.Believeitornot,TomisgettingmarriedtoMarynextSunday.—Shallwegooutfordinner？—It'suptoyou.Ifitweren'tforTom,Iwouldn'tbealivetoday.要點(diǎn)儲備四：反身代詞的習(xí)慣用語搭配含義例句besideoneself由于生氣、感動(dòng)等而近乎發(fā)狂、忘形Hewasbesidehimselfwithjoy(欣喜若狂)whenheheardthenewsthathehadpassedtheexam.byitself自動(dòng)地Thecomputermayshutoffbyitself.byoneself單獨(dú)地、獨(dú)自地Ican'tfinishtheworkbymyself.foroneself親自You'dbettergotoseeifyoursonhasgonetoschoolforyourself.inoneself本質(zhì)上，自身Moneyinitselfmeantnothingtothem.tooneself獨(dú)占、獨(dú)用Everyonewouldratherhaveabedroomtooneself.absentoneself缺課、缺勤Heabsentedhimselffromworkbecausehehadtheflu.adaptoneselfto適應(yīng)于Youshouldadaptyourselftothechangedconditions.applyoneselfto認(rèn)真致志于It'shardtoapplyyourselftosomedullwork.beoneself處于正常狀態(tài)Itlooksasiftheboyisnothimselftoday.behaveoneself法規(guī)點(diǎn)Youknowthatisnotthewaytobehaveeto(oneself)糊涂過來Whenhecametohimself,hefoundhimselflyinginhospital.devoteoneselfto認(rèn)真于；獻(xiàn)身于Iwilldevotemyselftoscienceinthefuture.enjoyoneself玩得快活，過得開心Ihopeyou'llenjoyyourselves.findoneself...不自覺間發(fā)覺自己……It'snofuntofindoneselfattheendoftherope.helponeselfto...自取Hehelpedhimselftothemoneyonthetable.makeoneselfathome不要拘束，不要客氣Justmakeyourselfathome.seatoneself坐Theguestseatedhimselfattheotherendofthetable.thinkforoneself獨(dú)立思考Onehastolearntothinkforoneselftreatoneselftosth.用某物款待自己Iusuallytreatmyselftosomemusicafteraday'shardwork.重點(diǎn)突破把握各類代詞基本用法；重點(diǎn)關(guān)注高考熱點(diǎn)與代詞短語；牢記it慣用法并依據(jù)語境機(jī)敏運(yùn)用。1.MrShen'smethodofteachingisnothinglike________oftheteachersatmyjuniorhighschool.A.theoneB.oneC.thatD.it2.Ilike________intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.A.thisB.thatC.itD.one3.NelsonMandeladevotedallhislifetothestruggleoftheAfricanpeopleand________ofeverynationthatseeksfreedom.A.itB.oneC.thoseD.that4.Thecustomerdidn'tchoose________ofthetiesandwentawaywithoutlookingatathirdone.A.manyB.anyC.allD.either5.Thepresident'sspeechwas________boring;itis,infact,ratherinspiringandinteresting.A.anythingbutB.nothingbutC.nomoreD.allbut6.—Doyouthinkalltheplayersaregood?—________ofthemareverygood.Butsomecouldhavebeenbetter.A.NoneB.FewC.MostD.All7.Doyouexpect________tobeapossibilitythatweshallbeabletoaffordtheparticularfurnitureweneed?A.itB.thereC.thatD.one8.Women'sDayisaroundthecorner,andI'mconsideringbuyingagiftforMum,________thatistohertaste.A.forwhichB.whichC.theoneD.one9.AsMrsRooseveltput________，I'dratherlightacandlethancomplainaboutthedarkness.A.itB.thatC.thisD.them10.—Whatkindofhousewouldyoulike?—I'dlike________withaswimming－poolatthebackof________．A.it;oneB.one;oneC.it;itD.one;it11.Thepricesystemisacomplexnetworkcomposedofthepricesofalltheproductsboughtandsoldintheeconomyas________ofagreatnumberofservices.A.theoneB.thatC.onesD.those12.—Whatkindofpeopledoyouneedfortheposition?—________withagoodcommandofEnglish.A.AnyoneB.WhoeverC.WhomeverD.Anyonewho13.Wewon'tforgetthefinancialcrisisandthetroubles________hascausedtothepeopleallovertheworld.A.whichB.thisC.whatD.it14.—MaryandBettylookexactlythesametome.—Oh,sometimesIalsofindithardtotellonefrom________．A.anotherB.otherC.theotherD.theothers15.—You've