蘭州市2022高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解和短文改錯(cuò)自練(7)及答案

【由江西省吉安一中2022模擬改編】閱讀理解。閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ToWhomItMayConcern:YouraddresswasforwardedtousbyHowtoMagazine.AllofusherethinkTheInternationalInstituteofNotDoingMuchisthebestorganizationintheworld.Youknowhowtoavoidunnecessaryactivities!Asamatteroffact,wecloselyfollowedtheadviceinyourarticle.First,wereplacedallourtelephoneswithcarrierpigeons.Simplyremovingthejingleoftelephonesandreplacingthemwiththepleasantsoundsofbirdshashadaremarkableeffectoneveryone.Besides,birdsarecheaperthantelephoneservice.Afterall,weareabusiness.Wehavetothinkofthebottomline.Asasidebenefit,thebirdsalsofertilizethelawnoutsidethenewemployees’sauna(桑拿房).Next,wesoldthecomputersofftoStab,Grab,Grit,andNasty,afirmoflawyersnearby.Ourelectricitybillwentwaydown.Bigsavings!Thebossisimpressed.Wehavecompletelyembracedpapertechnology.Nowthatweallusepencils,doodlingisontheincrease,andthequalityofpencilwomanshipisimpressive,asyoucantellfrommyhandwritinginthisletter.Bytheway,ifyoucan,pleasesendthisletterbacktous.Wecaneraseandreuseit.JusttieittoMaggie’slegandshe’llknowwheretotakeit.Nowit’sverycalmandquiethere.Youcannoticethedifference.Nomoreloudchatteronthetelephones!Allwehearisthescratchingofpencilonpaper,thesoundofpigeons,andthedeliveryofinter-officecorrespondencebypaperairplane.Wonderful!I’vealwayswantedtoworkforaninsurancecompanyeversinceIwasalittlegirl.Nowit’sperfect.Sincerelyyours,EleanorLightlySpokeswomanandCompanyHairStylistABCActivityInsurance:insureagainstoverdoingit1.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthelifetheauthorisleading?A.Asimple,slow-pacedlife. B.Alifeofhardworkandsecurity.C.Areligious,peasant-likelife. D.Alifeawayfrompaperandpencils.2.WhereisEleanor’slettersentto?A.HowToMagazine.B.ABCActivityInsuranceCompany.C.Stab,Grab,Grit,andNastyLawFirm.D.TheInternationalInstituteofNotDoingMuch.3.Whichofthefollowingispracticedintheauthor’scompany?A.Replacingthemanualworksystemwithmoderntechnology.B.Turningofflightsinthedaytimetosaveelectricity.C.Recyclingpaperresourceswheneverpossible.D.Buyingbirdsandpetsascompanyforthestaff.4.WhatistrueaboutMaggie?A.Sheworksasamanagerintheauthor’scompany.B.Shesometimeshelpsfertilizethelawnoutsidethesauna.C.Sheoftenhelpswithinter-officecorrespondenceusinge-mail.D.Herhandwritinghasimprovedalotafterenteringthecompany.5.Whatisthepurposeforthepersontowritethisletter?A.toshowhisdissatisfactionwiththenewenvironment.B.tocomplainaboutthebadworkingcondition.C.topersuadepeopletoliveasimplelife.D.toexpresshisgratitudeforthegoodadvice.【參考答案】1---5、ADCBD閱讀理解。Businessesarewitnessingadifficulttime,whichhasinturnproducedinfluenceonconsumers’desiretogogreen.However,shoppersarestilllayingstressonenvironmentalconcerns.Twothirdsofcustomerssaythatenvironmentalconsiderationsinformtheirpurchasestothesamedegreeastheydidayearago,whilemorethanaquartersaythattheyarenowevenbetterawareoftheenvironmentaleffectonwhattheybuy.Thismayhelptoinfluencehowshopsstoregoodsontheirshelves.Andthecompaniesshouldstillmakeeffortstobecomemoreenvironmentallyfriendly.Twooutofthreepeoplethinkitisimportanttobuyfromenvironmentallyresponsiblecompanies,withaboutoneinsevensayingthattheyhadevendecidedtotaketheircustomelsewhereiftheyfeltacompany’senvironmentalreputationwasnotgoodenough.HarryMorrison,chiefexecutive（主管）oftheCarbonTrust,sympathizes：“Iunderstandthissituationwheresurvivalisveryimportantnow.Butfromenvironmentalconsiderations,theclockisticking—wedon’thavemuchtime.Inaddition,cuttingcarbonhasanimmediateeffectascostsdropandamedium-termbenefitforthebrand.”Largercompanieshaveanextramotivationtolookatreducingtheircarbonfootprint,asnewrulesnextyearwillrequirebusinessestobuycarbonallowancestomakeupfortheiremissions（排放）.Thosethathavetakenearlyactionwillhaveaheadstart.Morethantwothirdsofconsumersarenotclearaboutwhichcompaniesareenvironmentallyresponsible.Thissuggeststhatfirmsthatareabletorelayclearlytheirmessagetothepublicwillbeinapolepositiontoattractshoppers.TheCarbonTrustbelievesthatitcanhelpbyinformingcustomersaboutthegoodworkcompaniesaredoing.“Whencompaniesaregranted（授予）thestandard,theycanusealogo（標(biāo)識(shí)）inalltheirmarketingwhichmakesitclearthattheyareworkingtowardscuttingemissions,”Mr.Morrisonsaid.()1.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Businessesarefindingwaystosendtheirmessagetotheshoppers.B.Companieswillsoongetinformationaboutcuttingcarbonemissions.C.Firmsaremakingeffortstoencouragecustomerstokeepgoodsathome.D.Firmsareurgedtocutcarbonemissionsbyshoppers’environmentalawareness.()2.Theunderlinedword“inform”inParagraph2probablymeans“”.A.affectB.changeC.disturbD.reject()3.AccordingtoHarryMorrison,businesses.A.willbenefitfromcuttingcarbonemissionsB.shouldbuycarbonallowancesforshoppersC.arerequiredtomakeupfortheircarbonemissionsD.haveencouragedshopperstotaketheircustomelsewhere()4.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatbusinesseswill.A.haveastrongdesiretoreducecostsB.usethesamelogointheirmarketingC.gainadvantagesbytakingearlyactionD.attractmoreshoppersbystoringgoods【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本篇文章為說(shuō)明文?，F(xiàn)在顧客購(gòu)物已經(jīng)開(kāi)頭考慮環(huán)保的問(wèn)題。面臨顧客環(huán)保的心理需求，企業(yè)只有主動(dòng)實(shí)行措施，削減排放，才會(huì)更好地贏得顧客的信任，進(jìn)而獲得更好的收益1、答案D。【解析】主旨大意題。依據(jù)第一段最終一句“However,shoppersarestilllayingstressonenvironmentalconcerns”及最終一段第一句可知，企業(yè)因購(gòu)買者的環(huán)保意識(shí)而去減排。故選D項(xiàng)。2、答案A?！窘馕觥吭~義猜想題。由本段中“whilemorethanaquartersaythattheyarenowevenbetterawareoftheenvironmentaleffectonwhattheybuy”可知，現(xiàn)在三分之二的顧客在購(gòu)物時(shí)對(duì)環(huán)境的考慮比一年前程度加深了。因此A項(xiàng)符合句子意思3、答案A。解析】推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段最終一句“cuttingcarbonhasanimmediateeffectascostsdropandamedium-termbenefitforthebrand”可以推斷出：商業(yè)會(huì)受益于減排。因此A項(xiàng)符合文章。4、答案C。【解析】推理推斷題。依據(jù)第五段最終一句“Thissuggeststhatfirmsthatareabletorelayclearlytheirmessagetothepublicwillbeinapolepositiontoattractshoppers”可知，早實(shí)行行動(dòng)減排的企業(yè)可以更好地吸引顧客。因此可以推斷出C項(xiàng)。閱讀下列短文,從給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。體裁：記敘文話題：慈善行為時(shí)間：6分鐘BasketballprofessionalTinaCharlesgrewupunderstandingtheimportanceofeducationandofgivingbacktoothers.WhentheWNBAstarandthe2022USOlympicWomen'sBasketballteamathleteheardaboutthechancetofundaschoolinanAfricanvillage，shemadesuretotakepart.Charlesfirstcameacrosstheopportunitywhileshewasasophomoreincollege.Atthattime，shedidn'thavethefundstohelpout，butallofthatchangedwhenshewasdrafted(選派)totheWNBA.Withthehelpoftwocharitableorganizations—OmniPeaceandbuildOn—Charlesfundedtheentire32,000costoftheschool.Theschool，completedearlierthisspring，wasbuiltinthesmallvillageofGanaleinwesternAfrica.BeforeCharles'contribution，childrenlivinginthevillagewereschooledintinymudhuts.Thelackofproperlightingandofproperairflowmadeitdifficultforthestudentstolearn.Thenewschoolbuildingisnearly3,000squarefeetandcontainsthreelargeclassrooms.Itcanfitupto150studentsatatimeandisalsousedforadultliteracy(讀寫力量)classesintheevenings.Theschoolwillbeasourceoflearningforgenerationstocome.CharlesundertookthischaritableactwhileplayingprofessionalbasketballandpreparingfortheLondonOlympics.TheOlympicGamesbegintoday，July27，andCharleswillplayforateamthathaswonthegoldmedalinthelastfourOlympicGames.Thefirst-timeOlympiccompetitorconsidersherpositionintheteam，alongwith12fellowfemalebasketballplayers，a“testamenttohowhardsheworks”．WhetheritisrepresentinghercountryintheOlympicGamesorgivingbacktothecommunity，Charlesisalwaysworkinghard.“Onceyoureceive，youhavetogive，”shetoldthereporter.“IwantedtogiveothersthesameopportunitiesIhadgrowingup.”【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】首次參與奧運(yùn)會(huì)的美國(guó)女子職業(yè)籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員蒂娜·查爾斯出資32000美元，為非洲的一個(gè)村子援建了一所學(xué)校。1．Charlesdidn'thelpwiththebuildingofaschoolthefirsttimeshecameacrosstheopportunitybecause______.A．shewasbusywithherstudiesB．shecouldn'tmakethedecisionC．shedidn'thaveenoughmoneyD．shewasbusyplayingbasketball解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段可知，在上高校期間，蒂娜就聽(tīng)說(shuō)了為非洲援建學(xué)校的事情，但是，當(dāng)時(shí)她沒(méi)有錢來(lái)供應(yīng)掛念。故答案為C。答案C2．Theunderlinedword“testament”inParagraph6probablymeans“______”．A．proof B．guaranteeC．investigation D．devotion解析詞義猜想題。依據(jù)第六段可知，蒂娜認(rèn)為自己在球隊(duì)里的位置是對(duì)自己努力的一個(gè)證明。由此可推斷畫線詞意為“證明”與proof同義。其他幾個(gè)詞代入原文均講不通。答案A3．Whatdothevillagersdointhenewschoolintheevening?A．WatchTVandmovies.B．Singanddancetohavefun.C．Learnhowtoreadandwrite.D．Helpchildrenwiththeirlessons.解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段其次句的內(nèi)容可知，成年人晚上到新學(xué)校來(lái)學(xué)識(shí)字。故答案為C。答案C4．Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A．AnOlympianLendsaHandB．AfricanChildren'sNewLifeC．ANewSchoolforAfricanChildrenD．TheWomanOlympicCompetitor解析主旨大意題。依據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，本文主要敘述了首次參與奧運(yùn)會(huì)的美國(guó)女子籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員蒂娜為非洲捐款建學(xué)校的故事，因此A項(xiàng)作為本文的標(biāo)題最合適。答案A短文改錯(cuò)（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯(cuò)誤涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。留意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。Christinewasjustagirlinoneofmyclasses.Ineverknewmuchaboutherexceptforthatshewasstrange.Shedidn’ttalkmany.Herhairwasblackandpurple,andshewornblacksportsshoesandablacksweater,althoughinthesummer.Shewas,infact,ratherattractively,andsheneverseemedcarewhattherestofusthoughtabouther.Liketherestofmyclassmate,Ididn’treallywanttogetclosedtoher.ItwasonlywhenwedidtheirchemistryprojecttogetherthatIbegintounderstandwhyChristinedressedthewayshedid.【參考答案】4.試題分析：本文敘述了作者的同學(xué)Christine在大家的眼里是格外驚異的一個(gè)人，她穿著驚異的服裝，話語(yǔ)不多，也不在乎別人對(duì)她的看法，可就在作者與她進(jìn)行一次化學(xué)的合作項(xiàng)目時(shí)，才理解為什么她總是把自己裝扮成那個(gè)樣子?！拘☆}1】考查短語(yǔ)。句意：除了她是格外的驚異，我對(duì)她了解不多。exceptfor+名詞或代詞，不跟句子，所以應(yīng)去掉for，exceptthat+句子?！拘☆}2】考查固定短語(yǔ)。句意：她的話語(yǔ)不多。這里用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞用much，many修飾可數(shù)名詞。【小題3】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：她穿著黑色的運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋。worn是wear的過(guò)去分詞，它的過(guò)去式是wore，這里短文敘述的是過(guò)去的事情，所以應(yīng)當(dāng)用過(guò)去式。【小題4】考查副詞。句意：她穿著黑色的運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋及黑色的毛衣，甚至實(shí)在夏天。although后跟句子，even是副詞，后可跟介詞短語(yǔ)。【小題5】考查形容詞。句意：她實(shí)際上很招人寵愛(ài)的。attractively是副詞；attractive是形容詞，在這里作表語(yǔ)?！拘☆}6】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。句意：她從不考慮其他的人是怎樣看她的。這里是seemedtodo好像做某事?！拘☆}7】考查名詞。句意：像我的其他同學(xué)一樣我真地不想接近她。classmate是單數(shù)；classmates是復(fù)數(shù)，由于therestof+可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，故用classmates?！拘☆}8】考查固定短語(yǔ)。句意：像我的其他同學(xué)一樣我真地不想接近她。getclosetosb接近某人。是固定短語(yǔ)。【小題9】考查代詞。句意：就在我們?cè)谝黄鹱龌瘜W(xué)項(xiàng)目時(shí)，我才真正地理解她為什么裝扮成那樣。這里their他們的；our我們的。形容詞性物主代詞應(yīng)當(dāng)與主語(yǔ)we全都，所以用our?！拘☆}10】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：就在我們?cè)谝黄鹱龌瘜W(xué)項(xiàng)目時(shí)，我才真正地理解她為什么裝扮成那樣。依據(jù)前面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞was與did可知這里敘述的是過(guò)去的事情，所以應(yīng)當(dāng)用過(guò)去式began?？键c(diǎn)：短文改錯(cuò)。點(diǎn)評(píng)：文中考查了固定短語(yǔ)，代詞、形容詞、副詞及動(dòng)詞等的用法及意義，需要考生有扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)學(xué)問(wèn)并能正確理解短文的內(nèi)容，還需要會(huì)分析簡(jiǎn)單的句子結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)而推斷用該詞的什么形式。短文改錯(cuò)共10小題每小題1分滿分10分假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯(cuò)誤涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏詞符號(hào)（A)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\)劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線（一），并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。留意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。Timefliesasanarrow.I’malreadyinGrade3afterIrealizeit.ItisonlyalittlemorethansevenmonthsbeforeIgraduatedfromourschool.Atthepresent,I’mbusyreviewmylessonsinordertotakethecollegeentranceexaminations.IhopeattendBeijingUniversity,thatisconsideredtobeoneofthebest.Mostofmyclassmatearestudyingveryhardtorealizeourdreams.【參考答案】5.as–likeafter—beforegraduated—graduateatthepresent--the去掉review—reviewinghope后加tothat—whichclassmate—classmatesour–theirwell---good6.假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（＾)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線〔\〕劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。留意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。DearEditor,I'mwritingtotellyouaboutashockedincidentthathappenedinBeijingZoointheafternoonofFeb23rd.IwasvisitingthezoothatafternoonwhileIheardbearsroaringterribly.Ihurriedtotheplacewherethebearslivedat.Isawtheblackbearbadlyinjuredandoneofthemrollonthegroundpainfully.Itwashurttooserioustomoveafoot.Thepeoplearoundwasshocked,angryand