【高考復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)】2021屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)課堂講練-專題二-名詞-

專題二名詞1.(2022·安徽卷)—Whynotbuyasecond－h(huán)andcarfirstifyoudon'thaveenoughmoneyforanewone?—That'sagood________．A.sayingB.questionC.suggestionD.account2.(2022·江蘇卷)Shewasputunderhousearresttwoyearsagobutremainedapowerful________inlastyear'selection.A.symbolB.portraitC.identityD.statue3.(2022·福建卷)—Couldyoutellmethe________ofmakingsuchtastycakes?—Well,Ijustfollowthedirectionsinthecookbook.A.featureB.planC.costD.trick4.(2022·天津卷)Windisnowtheworld'sfastestgrowing________ofpower.A.sourceB.senseC.resultD.root5.(2022·浙江卷)Wemostprefertosayyestothe________ofsomeoneweknowandlike.A.attemptsB.requestsC.doubtsD.promises6.(2022·湖北卷)Her________forwritingwasadesireforwomentogettherighttohighereducation.A.motivationB.qualificationC.talentD.technique7.(2022·湖北卷)WhenRichardsaid,“Youaremuchmoreagreeableandprettiernow”，Joan'sfaceturnedredattheunexpected________．A.commandB.comparisonC.complimentD.contribution8.(2021·江蘇卷)Withinspirationfromotherfoodculture,Americanfoodculturecantakea________forthebetter.A.shareB.chanceC.turnD.lead9.(2021·浙江卷)Astheworld'spopulationcontinuestogrow,the________offoodbecomesmoreandmoreofaconcern.A.worthB.supplyC.packageD.list10.(2021·湖北卷)Carbondioxide,whichmakesa________betweenusandthesun,preventsheatfromgettingoutoftheatmosphereeasily,sotheearthisbecomingwarmer.A.differenceB.comparisonC.connectionD.barrier1.【答案】C【解析】句意：——假如你沒有足夠的錢買新車，為什么不買輛二手車呢？——是個好建議。saying(諺語，格言)；question(問題);suggestion(建議)；account(記述；賬戶；解釋)。本題中的“Whynot...？”表建議。2.【答案】A【解析】句意：盡管她兩年前就被軟禁起來了，但她在去年的選舉中照舊是個勢力強(qiáng)大的代表人物。symbol(符號，標(biāo)志；象征；代表人物);portrait(肖像，畫像);identity(身份；共性);statue(塑像，雕像)。3.【答案】D【解析】句意：——你能告知我制作如此美味的蛋糕有什么訣竅嗎？——哦，我只是照著烹調(diào)書的說明做的。feature(特征；特寫)；plan(方案)；cost(成本)；trick(陰謀；訣竅；戲法)。4.【答案】A【解析】句意：風(fēng)能如今是世界上進(jìn)展最快的能量來源。source(源頭)；sense(感覺；推斷力)；result(結(jié)果)；root(根源)。5.【答案】B【解析】句意：我們更寵愛同意我們生疏并寵愛的人的懇求。attempts(試圖，嘗試)；requests(要求，懇求)；doubts(懷疑)；promises(許諾)。6.【答案】A【解析】句意：她寫作的動力是期望讓女性得到更高訓(xùn)練的權(quán)利。motivation(動機(jī)，動力，誘因)；qualification(資格)；talent(才能，才能)；technique(技術(shù)；技巧)。依據(jù)本句后半句“adesireforwomentogettherighttohighereducation”可知敘述的是她為什么要進(jìn)行寫作，也就是她寫作的動機(jī)。7.【答案】C【解析】句意：當(dāng)Richard說，“你現(xiàn)在更有禮貌更秀麗了”，聽了這出乎意料的贊揚(yáng)(compliment)，Joan的臉紅了。8.【答案】C【解析】句意：受其他飲食文化的啟發(fā)，美國的飲食文化可以向更好的方向轉(zhuǎn)變。share(份額，股份);chance(機(jī)會，可能);turn(變化，轉(zhuǎn)變);lead(榜樣，領(lǐng)先地位)。9.【答案】B【解析】句意：隨著世界人口的持續(xù)增長，食物的供應(yīng)越來越成為一個關(guān)注的焦點。worth(價值);supply(供應(yīng))；package(包);list(清單)。10.【答案】D【解析】句意：二氧化碳在我們和太陽之間形成一道屏障，很簡潔阻擋熱量從大氣層散發(fā)出去，因此地球正變得越來越溫存。difference(區(qū)分)；comparison(比較)；connection(聯(lián)系，連接)；barrier(障礙，屏障)。高考對于名詞的考查重點以詞義辨析為主，要特殊留意名詞的固定搭配、抽象名詞的具體化、一詞多義以及熟詞新義。近些年考查名詞的題目，在設(shè)問方面更趨精細(xì)化。近年來高考熱點名詞的辨析有五大特征：1.固定搭配，如：developapreference/tastefor...,makeabarrierbetween...,causedamageto...。2.以－tion,－sion,－ce,－ment,－ty等為后綴的詞，如：expectation,reputation,accommodation,occupation,adaptation,appreciation,participation,contribution,civilization,connection,competition,ambition,satisfaction;impression,expression;patience,consequence,significance,intelligence;arrangement,assessment,equipment,compliment;quality,quantity,identity。3.形近詞的辨析，如：symbol,sign,signal;symptom,sympathy;priority,privilege。4.近義詞的辨析，如：harm,injury,ruin,damage;advice,suggestion,idea;offer,supply;strength,talent,ability,skill。5.“無關(guān)聯(lián)”詞匯的辨析，如：luck,value,time,fact;operation,growth,performance,character;purpose,reference,progress,memory;promise,lead,balance,diary。要點儲備一：名詞的特殊情形1復(fù)數(shù)形式表示特殊含義customs(海關(guān)),forces(軍隊),times(時代),drinks(飲料),sands(沙灘),papers(文件，文獻(xiàn)),manners(禮貌),looks(外表),brains(智力),greens(青菜),ruins(廢墟),congratulations,fireworks,stockings,stocks,trousers,waters(水域),belongings,surroundings,savings(積蓄),riches(財寶),ashes(灰塵),inhighspirits(心情高漲),inrags(衣衫襤褸),havewordswithsb.(同某人吵架),giveone'sregardstosb.(向某人問候),makebothendsmeet(收支平衡),do/makerepairs(修理，修理)，makepreparationsforsth./todosth.2只用作不行數(shù)名詞advice,wood,clothing,bread,baggage,luggage,furniture,fun,work,homework,housework,information,weather,news,equipment,traffic,progress,rubbish,money,word(消息)，man/mankind(人類)3可數(shù)不行數(shù)意義不同beauty(美人)(秀麗),change(變化)(零錢),exercise(練習(xí))(熬煉),experience(經(jīng)受)(閱歷),life(生命)(生活),room(房間)(空間),word(單詞)(消息),work(作品)(工作),paper(報紙；試卷；論文)(紙),time(次數(shù))(時間),light(燈)(光),chicken(小雞)(雞肉),orange(橘子)(橘子汁)4抽象名詞可數(shù)用法[U]表具體的人或物時afailure,asuccess,aconcern(關(guān)懷之事),apity(圓滿之事),apleasure(樂事),anhonour(光榮之事),a(n)increase/decreasein...(某方面的增長/下降),adeeplove(深愛),ariseinpay(漲工資),astrongwind(大風(fēng)),aheavyrain(一場大雨),arisingsun(正在升起的太陽),asenseofdirection(方向感),awasteoftime(鋪張時間),amatteroflifeanddeath(生死攸關(guān)的事),a(n)．..knowledge/understanding/master/graspofEnglish(懂、把握英語)[U]以復(fù)數(shù)形式消滅，起到一種豐富語言感情顏色或強(qiáng)調(diào)某種特殊狀態(tài)的作用Useyourbrains,please.Manythanksforyourkindness.Theysmoothedaway/gotover/overcamethedifficulties.Aftermanyfailures,theyfinallysucceeded.Haveyoumadepreparations/arrangementsfortomorrow'smeeting？物質(zhì)名詞表數(shù)量或種類之多時，可用作可數(shù)名詞somecoffee,acoffee,threecoffees;somedrink,threedrinks

要點儲備二：名詞的全部格1.－'s全部格的構(gòu)成單數(shù)名詞在末尾加－'stheboy'sfather,Jack'sbook,herson－in－law'sphoto,agrown－up'seducation,somebodyelse'sumbrella復(fù)數(shù)名詞一般在末尾加－'theteachers'room,thetwins'mother不規(guī)章復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加－'sthechildren'stoys,women'srights以－s結(jié)尾的人名全部格加－'s或者－'Dickens'novels,Charles'sjob,theSmiths'house表示各自的全部關(guān)系時，各名詞末尾均須加－'sJapan'sandAmerica'sproblems,Jane'sandMary'sbikes表示共有的全部關(guān)系時，在最終一詞末尾加－'sJapanandAmerica'sproblems,JaneandMary'sfather表示“某人家”“店鋪”，全部格后名詞省略thedoctor's,thebarber's,thetailor's,myuncle's,theSmiths'2.雙重全部格1適用情形表“部分”或“數(shù)量”的概念或表示某種感情顏色(如：觀賞、厭煩)時2結(jié)構(gòu)a/an/this/that/these/those/some/any/afew/no/every/several/such/another/which/...＋名詞＋of＋...'s/名詞性物主代詞3區(qū)分apictureofhisbrother's(他弟弟所擁有的照片中的一張，照片上不肯定是他本人)apictureofhisbrother(他弟弟本人的一張照片，照片上就是他本人)重點突破可巧記留意日常積累，同時關(guān)注熱點：近形詞、近義詞的辨析；抽象名詞具體化；名詞與動詞或介詞的固定搭配；常見不行數(shù)名詞、形單意復(fù)的名詞、集合名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)狀況1.構(gòu)詞法的日常積累與名詞詞義在具體語境中的辨析全面把握詞匯的多層意義與結(jié)構(gòu)，擴(kuò)大閱讀面2.特殊群體名詞與謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)概念的名詞謂語用復(fù)數(shù)：police,people,youth,folk警察和人們穿著衣褲，戴著眼鏡，拿著剪刀和圓規(guī)，追趕著牛群單義單形的名詞，謂語用單數(shù)，表物品的總稱：baggage,clothing,furniture,machinery,fruit,jewellery,poetry衣服、家具、機(jī)器造，水果、珠寶、詩里藏集體名詞，謂語是單是復(fù)看情形：family,group,team,class,audience,staff,government,crew,couple船員、夫妻當(dāng)觀眾，班隊組成大家庭。集體名詞要當(dāng)心，整體單數(shù)成員復(fù)1.Morethanonedoctorhaswarnedthepatientthatwithoutpropertreatmentthediseasewillleadtolung________．A.defeatB.fallC.failureD.attack2.Messi,only25,haswonhis________asoneoftheworld'sgreatestsoccerplayer.A.reputationB.achievementC.contributionD.civilization3.Sufferingfromsleeplessnights,shehas________roundhereyes.A.influenceB.colorsC.pressureD.shadows4.Theystoodlookingatthehappy________ofthechildrenplayinginthepark.A.viewB.sceneryC.sceneD.sights5.Althoughdishonestyseemssocommoninrecentyears,peoplestillbelievethathonestywillnotgooutof________．A.styleB.orderC.balanceD.shape6.ThesongTakeMeHome,CountryRoadshasmuch________topeople,forfewpeoplecanavoidgettingcaughtupinitsoriginallyrealcountrymusic.A.appealB.accessC.potentialD.devotion7.Beckisanhonestbusinessman.Ourcompanyandhishavehadalotof________inthepastfiveyears.A.dealsB.agreementsC.rewardsD.sales8.Toourgreatdelight,thepublicfacilitiesinourcityhavebeenadaptedtogive________towheelchairusers.A.privilegeB.accessC.permissionD.priority9.Asa________betweenmanagementandlabor,a5%payrisewasagreedtoendthestrike.A.connectionB.contrastC.compromiseD.consequence10.Asweknow,breakfastisprovidedatnoextra________inthisrestaurant.A.chargeB.budgetC.considerationD.choice11.Thestudentswereadvisedtotryadifferent________tosolvingthecomplexmathsproblem.A.approachB.meansC.methodD.way12.Therearesome________whenyouhavetochangeyourmindjustbeforedoingit.A.situationsB.occasionsC.circumstancesD.conditions13.Agiftisa________ofwhatarelationshipmeanstous.Thebestgiftsmeettheneedsofthereceiver.A.signalB.meansC.symbolD.record14.—Helen,whatdoesTom'smotherdo?—Sheisajournalistby________，asfarasIknow.A.businessB.jobC.professionD.work15.Ifyoudon'tliketheschoollunch,youhavethe________ofbringingyourown.A.alternativeB.preferenceC.approachD.election1.【答案】C【解析】句意：不只一個醫(yī)生已警告過這個病人：沒有適當(dāng)治療，這個病會導(dǎo)致肺衰竭。defeat意為“(競賽、戰(zhàn)斗等的)失敗”；fall(跌倒；下降)；failure意為“失?。?機(jī)器或身體的)故障；沒做到”；attack(攻擊；突然發(fā)作)。2.【答案】A【解析】句意：只有25歲的Messi已經(jīng)贏得了世界上最好足球運動員之一的名譽(yù)。reputation(名譽(yù)，名聲)；achievement(成就)；contribution(貢獻(xiàn))；civilization(文明)。3.【答案】D【解析】依據(jù)句意，失眠給她留下了黑眼圈(shadows)。4.【答案】C【解析】句意：他們站著看著孩子們在公園興奮地玩耍的場景。scenery表示的是室外的、自然存在的秀麗景色；scene強(qiáng)調(diào)戶內(nèi)外某時某地發(fā)生大事的場面及其給人的印象，這一場面不肯定是令人開心的或好看的；sights指名勝；風(fēng)景；尤指人工制成的景；view主要指從高處俯視到的景色。5.【答案】A【解析】句意：盡管近年來不誠懇好像很普遍，但是人們照舊信任誠懇不會落伍。outofstyle(過時的，不時髦的，落伍的);outoforder(出故障的，混亂);outofbalance(不平衡);outofshape(變形；身體不好)。6.【答案】A【解析】句意：TakeMeHome,CountryRoads這首歌對人們具有很大的吸引力，由于沒有幾個人能回避沉迷于最初的真正的鄉(xiāng)村音樂中。sth.hasmuchappealtosb.(某物對某人有巨大的吸引力)。7.【答案】A【解析】句意：Beck是個誠懇的商人。我們公司和他的公司在過去