考點(diǎn)11 動(dòng)名詞-新高考英語(yǔ)一輪總復(fù)習(xí)（上海專用）（解析版）

PAGE1考點(diǎn)11動(dòng)名詞課前熱身練用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子1．Ifind(paint)withwatercolouraloteasierthanwithoil.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)2．It’snotworth(bother)withanumbrella—thecar’sjustoutside.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)3．Whatmakesthedwellingsadmirableistheirabilityto“aircondition”ahousewithout(use)electricequipment.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)4．After(look)atthetoyforsometime,heturnedaroundandfoundhisparentsweremissing.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)5．Ispendhourseveryday(edit)myselfies,postingthemandeagerlycheckingmyphoneahundredtimesforcomments.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)6．OurEnglishteacheracknowledged(be)atfaultonEnglishlearning.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)7．Aswellaslookingatexhibits,visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模擬)andimaginethemselveslivingatadifferenttimeinhistoryor(walk)througharainforest.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)8．IshowedthemIwasindependentby(wear)strangeclothes.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)9．Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowerscarriesspecialsignificance.Theyrepresenttheearth(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)10．Althoughheresigned,hestilldidwhateverhecouldtohelpthedisabled,sohedeserved.(praise)(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)參考答案：1．painting【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：我發(fā)現(xiàn)用水彩畫比用油畫容易得多。根據(jù)句意，作find的賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞painting，故填painting。2．bothering【詳解】考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：不必打傘——汽車就停在外面。It’s(not)worthdoingsth.(（不）值得做某事)，bother用動(dòng)名詞形式。故填bothering。3．using【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：讓這些住宅令人欽佩的是，它們能夠在不使用電氣設(shè)備的情況下為房子“調(diào)節(jié)空氣”。介詞后接名詞、動(dòng)名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)?？涨坝薪樵~without，空處應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞。故填using。4．looking【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：看了玩具一段時(shí)間后，他轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身來(lái)，發(fā)現(xiàn)他的父母不見(jiàn)了。介詞后接名詞、動(dòng)名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)?？涨癆fter為介詞，動(dòng)詞look應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞。故填looking。5．editing【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：我每天花幾個(gè)小時(shí)編輯我的自拍，發(fā)布它們，并急切地查看手機(jī)一百次去看評(píng)論。spendtime(in)doingsth.為固定短語(yǔ)，表示“花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事”，短語(yǔ)中的介詞in可以省略，所以空處應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語(yǔ)。故填editing。6．havingbeen【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：我們的英語(yǔ)老師承認(rèn)在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)上有過(guò)錯(cuò)。acknowledgedoingsth.表示“承認(rèn)做某事”，所以空處應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語(yǔ)，且結(jié)合語(yǔ)意，“有過(guò)錯(cuò)”這一動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，所以空處應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞的完成式havingbeen。故填havingbeen。7．walking【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：除了觀賞展品，游客還可以玩電腦模擬游戲，想象自己生活在一個(gè)不同的歷史時(shí)期，或者漫步在熱帶雨林中。短語(yǔ)：imaginesb.doingsth.“想象某人做某事”。sb.doing此處為動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，作動(dòng)詞imagine的賓語(yǔ)。分析句子可知，此處與living是并列成分，共同作imagine的賓語(yǔ)，故填walking。8．wearing【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：我穿奇裝異服，向他們表明我很獨(dú)立。介詞后接名詞、動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)?？涨癰y為介詞，所以此處填動(dòng)名詞，故填wearing。9．coming【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：這就是帶有樹(shù)、水果和花的裝飾賦有特殊意義的原因。它們象征著大地的復(fù)蘇和對(duì)新開(kāi)端的美好祝愿。句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為represent，所以這里為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)。theearth是其邏輯主語(yǔ)，與comebackto之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，所以用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。故填coming。10．praising/tobepraised【詳解】考查固定搭配。句意：雖然他辭職了，但他仍然盡一切努力幫助殘疾人，所以他應(yīng)該被贊揚(yáng)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知，這里考查固定搭配deservedoing/tobedone/，意為“值得被……”。故答案為praising或tobepraised。核心考點(diǎn)梳理（一）概念如果一個(gè)動(dòng)詞加上了ing變成了名詞，那么這個(gè)詞稱動(dòng)名詞。動(dòng)名詞是一種兼有動(dòng)詞和名詞特征的非限定動(dòng)詞。它可以支配賓語(yǔ)，也能被副詞修飾。動(dòng)名詞有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。（二）動(dòng)名詞的句法功能一）作主語(yǔ)表示抽象的、習(xí)慣性的或經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作，常泛指某種動(dòng)作或行為。其位置有以下幾種：1）把動(dòng)名詞置于句首，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。如：Learningnewwordsisveryusefultome。2）用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把真正的主語(yǔ)置于句后，常用于下列句式中：It+is+nogood,nouse,awasteoftime/money,useless,nice,boring,foolish,worthwhile+doingItisnousewaitingforhimanylonger.Itisworthwhileconsultingyourtutoraboutitagain.注意：important,necessary,essential,impossible等形容詞后只能用不定式。3）在“Thereisno”結(jié)構(gòu)中。意為“不可能”。Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.這類事情可不能開(kāi)玩笑。ThereisnodenyingthefactthatChinahasmadearapidprogressineveryaspectsinceitwasfounded.Thereisnolitteringabout.二）作賓語(yǔ)表示一般的、抽象的或經(jīng)常性的行為。1）作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)常用的動(dòng)詞有：admit（承認(rèn)）,allow（允許）,advise（建議）,avoid（避免）,appreciate（欣賞）,ban（禁止）,consider（考慮）,delay（推遲）,deny（否認(rèn)）,dislike,escape（逃避）,enjoy,endup（以...結(jié)束）,encourage,explain,excuse（原諒）,feellike（想）,finish,forbid（禁止）,forgive（原諒）,fancy/imagine（想象）,include/involve（包括）,keep,mention（提及）,mind（介意）,miss（錯(cuò)過(guò)）,pardon（原諒）,practise,permit（允許）,prohibit（禁止）,postpone/putoff（推遲）,quit（停止）,propose/recommend（建議）,recall（記起）,report（報(bào)告）,resist（抵抗）,risk（冒險(xiǎn)）,save（避免）,suggest,tolerate（忍受）,understand,worth（值得）.Ifyouphoneforanappointment,it'llsaveyouwaiting.

如果電話預(yù)約，你就免得等了。Ifyoudon'tknowwhatyouwant,youmightendupgettingsomethingyoudon'twant.

Thebankstronglyresistedcuttinginterestrates.

銀行強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)降低利率。注意：在think/consider/find/feellike等后動(dòng)名詞賓語(yǔ)有useless/nouse/nogood作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。即：sb+think/consider/find/feellike+it+useless/nouse/nogood+doing。I

consider

it

useless

discussing

thematter

with

them.

2）作介詞賓語(yǔ)在介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)后，比如：beafraidof,feellike,giveup,havetrouble/difficultiesin,insiston,persistin,putoff...常見(jiàn)的to作介詞用的短語(yǔ)有：習(xí)慣于 beaccustomed/usedto獻(xiàn)身于 bedevotedto反對(duì) beopposedto與…有關(guān) berelatedto能勝任，等于 beequalto淪為，降為 bereducedto獻(xiàn)身于 devoteoneselfto著手于 getdownto除…之外 inadditionto反對(duì) objectto對(duì)…讓步 givewayto堅(jiān)持 stickto/keepto導(dǎo)致 leadto導(dǎo)致做某事 leadto…..沉迷于… beaddictedto找到去去…的路 findone’swayto…..用心投入…. putone’sheart/mindto當(dāng)談到，涉及whenitcomesto優(yōu)先考慮givepriorityto三）作表語(yǔ)僅限于表示工作、任務(wù)等抽象名詞，表示主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)涵。動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，特別要注意：不要與正在進(jìn)行時(shí)混淆。動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)，表達(dá)的是“某件事”等。Hispart-timejobispromotingnewproductsforthecompany.（動(dòng)名詞）Readingisforsurelearning,butapplyingisalsolearningtoagreaterextent.（動(dòng)名詞）Theirtaskisexploringoilminesinthewest.（動(dòng)名詞）動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)，容易與現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)相混淆。記?。簞?dòng)名詞表語(yǔ)表達(dá)的是“某件事”(與不定式短語(yǔ)的意義相近)，而現(xiàn)在分詞表語(yǔ)表示“具有某個(gè)作用”。Thesituationisverymuchencouraging.（現(xiàn)在分詞）Hispresentjobisnotthatstimulatingasheexpected.（現(xiàn)在分詞）四）作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)名做定語(yǔ)置于名詞前，說(shuō)明所修飾詞的性質(zhì)以及用途，具有名詞性質(zhì)。awashingmachine=amachineforwashing=amachinewhichisusedforwashingsleepingpills=pillsforsleeping=pillswhichisusedforsleeping（三）動(dòng)名詞的慣用語(yǔ)Itisuseless/nouse/nogood+doing“做…是沒(méi)有用/沒(méi)有好處的?！盜t’snouse/goodmakinganexcuseforthis.主語(yǔ)+havedifficulty/trouble/problems/fun(in)+doingWehadgreatdifficulty(in)solvingtheproblem.在以time為中心詞的短語(yǔ)后haveahard/goodtime主語(yǔ)+losenotime(in)+doingspendalotoftimeWehadadifficulttimepersuadinghim.Wespendalotoftimepreparingfortheparty.beonthepointofdoing…“快要”(=beabouttodo+V原)Thebabywasonthepointofcryingwhenhermotherfinallycamehome.Thereisno+doing…“根本不可能”(Itisimpossibletodosth.)Thereisnotellingwhatwillhappen.Thereisnodenyingthatsmokingisharmfultohealth.Thereisnopoint/nogood/nouse+(in)doing…“做…是沒(méi)有意義/沒(méi)好處/沒(méi)用的。”Thereisnopointinarguingwithhim.動(dòng)詞do常與表示室內(nèi)活動(dòng)等的動(dòng)名詞連用cooking/cleaning/readingdo(some/much/alotof/any)sewing/shopping/washingsightseeing（四）動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)與否定時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)意義例句一般式doingbeingdone動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生Weareinterestedinplayingchess.Noonelikebeinglaughedat.完成式havingdonehavingbeendone動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前I’msorryfornothavingkeptmypromise.Idon’trememberhavingeverbeengivenachancetodoit.否定not+動(dòng)名詞Shewasangryaboutnothavingbeeninvited.【注】若動(dòng)名詞帶有邏輯主語(yǔ)，則否定詞應(yīng)置于邏輯主語(yǔ)之后。I’msurprisedatyournothavingnoticed.（五）動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)其形式有如下兩種：a)名詞所有格/物主代詞+動(dòng)名詞，如：IinsistonMary’sgoingthere.我堅(jiān)持要瑪麗到那兒去。Ihavenotheardofyourbeingill.我沒(méi)聽(tīng)說(shuō)你病了。b)名詞通格/人稱代詞賓格+動(dòng)名詞，如：Usuallyatthebeginningofschool,thenoiseofdesksbeingopenedandclosed,andlessonsrepeatedatthetopofthechildren’svoicescouldbeheardoutinthestreet.Infact,Ithinkit’sverymuchnicerwithouthim,ifyoudon’tmindmesayingso.※注意：1、在上述例句中，動(dòng)名詞前的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子主語(yǔ)不同。如果主語(yǔ)相同，則不用邏輯主語(yǔ)，只用動(dòng)名詞。比較：Imustapologizefornotlettingyouknowaheadoftime.Imustapologizeforhisnotlettingyouknowaheadoftime.2、動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)時(shí)一般用名詞所有格或形容詞性物主代詞。Nixon’svisitingChinamarkedanewerabetweenU.S.andChinadiplomaticrelations.Themaintroubleistheirnothavingenoughmoney.3、動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以用形容詞性物主代詞或賓格。Thedoctordoesnotmindme/myeatingalittlemeatoccasionally.(六)不定式和動(dòng)名詞的區(qū)別一）從含義上，不定式：具體某一次的動(dòng)作動(dòng)名詞：抽象的一般行為、習(xí)慣例如：Iloveswimming,butIdon'tlovetoswiminthisdirtyriver.注意：平衡原則：當(dāng)表語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，主語(yǔ)也要用動(dòng)名詞；當(dāng)表語(yǔ)是不定式時(shí)，主語(yǔ)也要用不定式。Toliveistostruggle.Seeingisbelieving.二）作主語(yǔ)時(shí)：動(dòng)名詞：表抽象和經(jīng)驗(yàn)不定式：表具體動(dòng)作Smokingisprohibitedhere.(抽象)Itisnotverygoodforyoutosmokesomuch.(具體)Drivingacarduringtherushhouristiring．在高峰時(shí)刻開(kāi)車令人厭煩。(經(jīng)驗(yàn))Ittookmeonlyfiveminutestofinishthejob.（具體）三）接不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)含義不同的詞組①forget,remember+todo（忘記/記得去做某事）forget,remember+doing/havingdone（忘記/記得做過(guò)某事）②regret+todo(tell,say,inform,announce等)（很遺憾地……）regret+doing/havingdone（后悔做過(guò)某事）③mean+todo（打算做某事）mean+doing（意味著……）④try+todo（設(shè)法/盡力做某事）try+doing（試著做某事）⑤stop/goon+todo（停下/繼續(xù)去做另一件事）stop/goon+doing（停止/繼續(xù)正在做的事）⑥can'thelp+doing=can'thelpbutdo（禁不住……）can'thelp+todo（不能幫助干……）⑦consider+doing（考慮做某事）consider+todo/be（認(rèn)為……）下列動(dòng)詞直接接動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)用動(dòng)名詞；如后面有名詞作賓語(yǔ)，接動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)，則用不定式：allowadviseencourageforbidpermitrecommendsmokinghere.Wedon’tallowstudentstosmokehere.takingaholiday.Irecommendyoutotakeaholiday.learningEnglishbyradio.TheyencouragedmetolearnEnglishbyradio.當(dāng)堂知識(shí)檢測(cè)1．ThemajorityofEuropeanssupport______troopsintotheregion.A．send B．tosend C．sending D．sent2．_________alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperienceA．Travel B．TravelingC．Havingtraveled D．Traveled3．________tonuclearradiation,evenforashorttime,mayinfluencegenesinhumanbodies.A．Toexpose B．Exposed C．Havingexposed D．Beingexposed4．Ifawaterpipestarts______,whatshouldyoudoatonce?A．tobeleaked B．leaked C．leaking D．leak5．Theboydenied________inthefinalexam.A．cheats B．cheated C．tocheat D．cheating6．Thereisnopoint_____improvedpublictransportunlesswecanpayforit.A．a(chǎn)dvocating B．a(chǎn)dvocated C．toadvocate D．a(chǎn)dvocate7．Victorapologizedfor_____toinformmeofthechangeintheplan.A．hisbeingnotable B．himnottobeableC．hisnotbeingable D．himtobenotable8．Ifyouhaveanycommentsforsuggestions,pleaseletusknow;wealwaysappreciate_____feedbackfromfriends.A．havingbeenreceivedB．toreceive C．receiving D．tohavereceived9．Theybuiltawalltoavoidsoil_____.A．washingaway B．beingwashedawayC．towashaway D．tobewashedaway10．Michaelhasdelayed______thebiketometilltoday.A．returning B．toreturn C．tohavereturned D．beingreturned11．Shedebated_______withoutsayinganythingbutdecidedagainstit.A．toleave B．left C．leaves D．leaving12．Thepoliceaccusedhimofsettingfiretothebuildingbuthedenied______intheareaonthenightofthefire.A．tobe B．tohavebeen C．havingbeen D．be13．Theteacherglanced_____thisstudentwhowasbusy_____apicture.A．to;drawing B．a(chǎn)t;draw C．a(chǎn)t;drawing D．a(chǎn)t;todraw14．Irecommend________anEnglish-Chinesedictionary,whichisofgreathelptoyourstudies.A．buying B．bought C．tobuy D．bebought15．Hisgirlfriendcouldn’tresist________himabouthisfamilybackground.A．toask B．a(chǎn)sking C．a(chǎn)sk D．a(chǎn)boutasking16．Hislifeinthebigcitywashardandfinallyhewasreduced________inthestreet.A．towander B．tohavewanderedC．towandering D．wandering17．Manymorepolicemenshouldbesenttothemsomeendangeredanimals.A．prevent;tohunt B．stop;huntingC．keep;tohunt D．keep;hunting18．Shepassedherselfoffaservantintothenobleman’shousetoavoid.A．a(chǎn)s;beingrecognizedB．into;recognizingC．by;toberecognizedD．with;recognizing19．Heconsideredmedicineandupthepeninordertodomoreforthepeople.A．todrop;took B．dropping;takingC．dropping;totake D．todrop;take20．Somenewideassometimeshavetowaitforyearsbefore_______.A．fullyaccepting B．a(chǎn)refullyacceptedC．beingfullyaccepted D．havingfullyaccepted21．________tothinkcriticallyisanimportantskilltoday’schildrenwillneedforthefuture.A．Learn B．LearnedC．Learning D．Havinglearned22．_____infinancialscandals(丑聞),accordingtoasocialresearch,wasregardedastop1reasonforofficialstogiveuppoliticalcareerinItaly.A．Involved B．Involving C．Beinginvolved D．Toinvolve23．________bytheteachertoleavetheclassroommadehimfeelashamed.A．Asked B．Beingasked C．Havingasked D．Tohaveasked24．______extracurricularactivitiesisbeneficialtobroadeningyourhorizonsandenrichingyourcampuslife,havingyourcomprehensivequalification______.A．Gettinginvolvedin;strengthened B．Involvingin;strengthenC．Beinginvolvedin;strengthening D．Involvedin;strengthened25．Tomadmitted________intheexamination,sohewasnotadmitted________collegeintheend.A．havingcheated;for B．havecheated;to C．havingcheated;into D．havecheated;for26．Dianausedto_________towork,butnowsheisusedto_________becausetheroadiscrowdedandshewantstokeepfit.A．drive;walking B．drive;walk C．driving;walk D．driving;walking27．I’msorrytohearthatyou’rehavingtrouble______yourEnglishatyournewschool.A．improved B．improve C．toimprove D．improving28．Whatsurprisedthekingmostwas________tomeetthequeen.A．hisnotallowing B．hisnotbeingallowedC．hisbeingnotallowed D．hisallowingnot29．Withtheboy________theway,wehadnotrouble________theway________toZhongshanPark.A．leading;finding;leading B．tolead;found;toleadC．led;finding;led D．leading;found;led30．________agreatapplausebytheaudienceisalwaysagreatencouragementtothespeaker.A．Given B．Tobegiven C．Beinggiven D．Giving31．________plansinplaceforthefuture,asmanyofusalreadyknow,isnoguaranteethattheywillbecomereality.A．Have B．Having C．Tohavehad D．Havinghad32．Itisthoughtthattheepicsweknowtodayaretheresultofgenerationsofstory-tellers__________onthematerialuntilfinally,__________,someonewroteit.A．passing…somewhat B．passing…somehowC．havingpassed…whatever D．passed…anyhow33．Thepresident______healthsystemafterhecameintopower.A．wascommittedtoreform B．committedhimselftoreformC．committedhimselftoreforming D．wascommittingtoreform34．________yougoabroad,itislikelythatyouwillhavetrouble________thenewlife.A．Thefirsttime;adjustingto B．Forthefirsttime;adjustingtoC．Thefirsttime;toadjustto D．Forthefirsttime;toadjustto35．Theoutbreakofthecoronavirushasledtooverthousandsofpeople________tohospitalfortreatment,________theworldtobeindeepsorrow.A．sent;causing B．sent;havingcausedC．beingsent;causing D．beingsent;havingcaused36．You’dbettercutyourhairshort.Ourschooldoesnot_____toolonghair.A．a(chǎn)pproveofstudentswore B．a(chǎn)pprovestudentstowearC．a(chǎn)pproveofstudentstowear D．a(chǎn)pproveofstudentswearing37．WhatgreattroubleJimhad_____hisfathertosellhisoldcar!A．persuaded B．persuade C．topersuade D．persuading38．I’dadvise_____yourticketswellinadvanceifyouwanttotravelinAugust.A．tobuy B．buys C．buying D．bought39．—Isyourbrothergoingcamping?—He’ssignedupbuthe’sconsidering________.A．nottogo B．notgoing C．won’tgo D．notto40．Idon’tthinkheisequal______thiskindofwork,soIcan’thirehim.A．indoing B．doing C．todo D．todoing41．Mikeoftenattemptstoescape______wheneverhebreakstrafficregulations.A．havingbeenfined B．tohavebeenfinedC．tobefined D．beingfined42．Inthegreatfire,hewasluckytoescape________.A．tobekilling B．killing C．killed D．beingkilled43．onmycomputer，Ifoundane-mailfrommypenfriend，metospendthesummerholidayinhiscity.A．Onturning;invitedB．Onturning;invitingC．Whenhavingturned;toinviteD．Afterhavingturned;inviting44．—Whatintheworldputyouinareallybadmood?—________inthetrafficforhours.A．StuckB．BeingstuckC．TobestuckD．Sticking45．Hehadlifeandenjoyedtheworkingsofobjectsandanimals.A．a(chǎn)ppetitefor;exploringB．a(chǎn)nappetitefor;exploringC．a(chǎn)ppetitein;toexploreD．a(chǎn)nappetitefor;toexplore46．—Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.—Well,nowIregret________that.A．todo B．tobedoing C．tohavebeendone D．havingdone47．Thosegymnasticsmovementsrequire________.A．toimprove B．improving C．beingimproved D．improved48．Wedon’twanttorisk________involvedinacivilwar.A．beome B．tobecome C．becomes D．becoming49．Heprefers______indoors_____outthisafternoon.A．tostay;togo B．staying;togoing C．staying;togo D．tostay;togoing50．—Whatmattersforthecooperationbetweencompanies?—________differencesinasincereway.A．Approached B．HavingapproachedC．Tobeapproached D．Approaching參考答案：1．C【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：絕大多數(shù)歐洲人支持向該地區(qū)派兵。分析句意可知，動(dòng)詞send“發(fā)送，派遣”需要使用動(dòng)名詞形式，作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞support“支持”的賓語(yǔ)。故選C項(xiàng)。2．B【詳解】考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：沿著絲綢之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的經(jīng)歷。“____alongtheoldSilkRoad”做主語(yǔ)，要用動(dòng)名詞，故B選項(xiàng)正確。點(diǎn)睛：動(dòng)名詞是動(dòng)詞-ing形式的一種，兼有動(dòng)詞和名詞特征。在句子中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)。3．D【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：暴露在核輻射中，即使是很短的時(shí)間，也會(huì)影響人體的基因。根據(jù)句意可知，此處是動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)beexposedto“暴露于”，作句子的主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式。故選D。4．C【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：如果水管開(kāi)始漏水，你應(yīng)該立即做什么？starttodo表示“準(zhǔn)備開(kāi)始去做某事”，事情還沒(méi)有做還在準(zhǔn)備階段；startdoing表示“開(kāi)始做某事”，事情已經(jīng)開(kāi)始做了。由句意可知，動(dòng)名詞形式符合句意要求。故選C。5．D【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：那男孩否認(rèn)在期末考試中作弊。固定搭配denydoingsth.“否認(rèn)做過(guò)某事”，動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。故選D。6．A【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：提倡改善公共交通沒(méi)有任何意義，除非我們能負(fù)擔(dān)得起。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處考查固定句型Thereisnopointdoing….意為“做……是沒(méi)有意義的”，用動(dòng)名詞形式。故選A項(xiàng)。7．C【詳解】考查動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：維克托因?yàn)闆](méi)能通知我該計(jì)劃的變更而向我道歉。短語(yǔ)apologize(tosb.)for(one’s)doing/havingdonesth.句式，意為“因(某人)做了某事而(向某人)道歉”，介詞for后為動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：形容詞性物主代詞+動(dòng)名詞，其否定式要在動(dòng)名詞前加not。故選C。8．C【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：如果你有任何評(píng)論和建議，請(qǐng)讓我們知道;我們總是喜歡來(lái)自朋友的反饋。appreciate后接動(dòng)詞-ing形式。故選C。9．B【詳解】考查動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：他們建了一堵墻防止土壤流失。A.動(dòng)名詞形式；B.動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；C.不定式形式；D.不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。soil和washaway之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因而用bewashedaway表達(dá)，且avoid后面接doing。故選B。10．A【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：麥克把還我自行車的期限延遲到了今天。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，hasdelayed為句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，故空處需要填非謂語(yǔ)的形式；delay后通常接動(dòng)名詞，不接不定式，排除B、C項(xiàng)；句子主語(yǔ)為Michael，和選項(xiàng)中動(dòng)詞return之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選擇動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式。故選A項(xiàng)。11．D【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：她打算不辭而別，但又決定不這樣做?？涨癲ebated為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，故空處需要填非謂語(yǔ)的形式；debatedoingsth.意為“考慮做某事”，符合句子結(jié)構(gòu)。故選D項(xiàng)。12．C【詳解】考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：警察控告他縱火燒大樓，但他說(shuō)發(fā)生火災(zāi)那天晚上他不在附近。denydoingsth.為固定短語(yǔ)表示“否認(rèn)做某事”，且由于表示的是過(guò)去已結(jié)束的情況，所以用完成式。故選C項(xiàng)。13．C【詳解】考查介詞和動(dòng)名詞。句意：老師瞥了一眼這個(gè)忙著畫畫的學(xué)生。動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)glanceat意為“對(duì)……瞥一眼”，bebusy(in)doing…意為“忙于做……”，動(dòng)名詞形式作介詞in的賓語(yǔ)，固定搭配。故選C項(xiàng)。14．A【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：我建議買一本英漢詞典，它對(duì)你的學(xué)習(xí)有很大幫助。recommend后跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。故選A。15．B【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：他的女朋友忍不住想要問(wèn)他的家庭背景?？涨皉esist為及物動(dòng)詞，后可直接跟動(dòng)名詞doing作賓語(yǔ)。故選B項(xiàng)。16．C【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：他在大城市過(guò)得很苦，最終他淪落街頭。固定短語(yǔ)bereducedto意為“淪落為……”，其中to為介詞，后跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞，后跟動(dòng)詞需要變doing。故選C項(xiàng)17．B【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：應(yīng)該派更多的警察去阻止他們獵殺一些瀕危動(dòng)物。短語(yǔ)stopsb.(from)doingsth.阻止某人做某事；短語(yǔ)keep/preventsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事，介詞不能省略。故選B。18．A【詳解】考查固定搭配和動(dòng)名詞。句意：她冒充仆人進(jìn)了那貴族的房子，以免被認(rèn)出來(lái)。根據(jù)句意和第一個(gè)空格前的passedherselfoff可知，此處是考查固定搭配passoneselfoffas(冒充)；avoid后面應(yīng)該用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，表示“避免做某事”，該句中應(yīng)該是表示“避免被認(rèn)出來(lái)”，所以應(yīng)該用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式beingrecognized。故選A項(xiàng)。19．B【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：他考慮停下醫(yī)學(xué)，執(zhí)筆寫作，多為人民做些什么。consider后面接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)；and前后為并列成分，所以drop和take均應(yīng)使用動(dòng)名詞形式dropping和taking。故選B項(xiàng)。20．C【詳解】考查動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式。句意：有些新想法有時(shí)需要等待數(shù)年才能被完全接受。before為介詞，而并非連詞，因此后面用動(dòng)名詞，ideas與accept有邏輯上被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此本空用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式。故選C項(xiàng)。21．C【詳解】考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：學(xué)會(huì)批判性思維是當(dāng)代小孩未來(lái)所必需的重要技能。句子缺少主語(yǔ)成分，而過(guò)去分詞、動(dòng)詞都不可以作主語(yǔ)，此處用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，故選C。22．C【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：一項(xiàng)社會(huì)調(diào)查顯示，卷入金融丑聞被認(rèn)為是意大利官員放棄政治生涯的首要原因。分析句子可知，本句缺主語(yǔ)，故用動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)，且officials和involve之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)做主語(yǔ)，即beingdone。beinvolvedin也是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“被卷入到……”故選C項(xiàng)。23．B【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：被老師請(qǐng)出了教室使他感到羞愧。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并結(jié)合句意可知此處用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，him與ask之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式作主語(yǔ)，故B項(xiàng)正確。24．A【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：參加課外活動(dòng)有助于開(kāi)闊視野，豐富校園生活，增強(qiáng)綜合素質(zhì)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“_____extracurricularactivities”為句子的主語(yǔ)，所以要用動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)，be/getinvolvedin“參加”；逗號(hào)后面的have為使役動(dòng)詞，所以第二個(gè)空為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，havesthdone“讓某事被做”，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，yourcomprehensivequalification和strength之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以要用過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表被動(dòng)。故選A。25．C【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和固定短語(yǔ)。句意：湯姆承認(rèn)考試作弊，所以最后沒(méi)被大學(xué)錄取。admithavingdone是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“承認(rèn)做過(guò)某事”，beadmittedinto是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“被……錄取”，根據(jù)句意可知，第一空是“承認(rèn)作弊”，應(yīng)用havingcheated，第二空是“被……錄取”，應(yīng)用into。故選C。26．A【詳解】考查固定短語(yǔ)。句意：戴安娜過(guò)去經(jīng)常開(kāi)車去上班，但現(xiàn)在她習(xí)慣于走路去上班，因?yàn)槁飞虾軗頂D，并且她想保持健康。分析句子可知，空格一處涉及固定短語(yǔ)“usedtodosth.”，意為“過(guò)去經(jīng)常做某事”，故空格一應(yīng)填“drive”；空格二處涉及固定短語(yǔ)“beusedtodoingsth.”，意為“習(xí)慣于做某事”，“to”為介詞，后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，故空格二應(yīng)填“walking”。故選A項(xiàng)。27．D【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：我很抱歉聽(tīng)說(shuō)你在新學(xué)校提高英語(yǔ)有困難。havetrouble(in)doingsth.為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，其中介詞in可以省略，表示“做某事有困難”，所以空處應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式作介詞in的賓語(yǔ)。故選D項(xiàng)。28．B【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：最使國(guó)王吃驚的是他不被允許會(huì)見(jiàn)王后。分析句子可知，此處是動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)，allow與theking是邏輯動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)beingallowed，否定詞not置于beingallowed前，構(gòu)成非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定式。故選B項(xiàng)。29．A【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和固定短語(yǔ)。句意：由于有那個(gè)男孩帶路，我們找到去中山公園的路沒(méi)費(fèi)周折。本題涉及with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，以及固定短語(yǔ)havetrouble(in)doingsth。theboy與lead之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞leading，第二空為固定短語(yǔ)：havetrouble(in)doingsth，固定短語(yǔ)，“做什么事情有麻煩”。第三空為現(xiàn)在分詞leadingtoZhongshanPark作后置定語(yǔ)修飾theway。故選A項(xiàng)。30．C【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：被觀眾給予熱烈的掌聲總是對(duì)演講者的極大鼓勵(lì)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空處應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式作句子主語(yǔ)，結(jié)合語(yǔ)意，演講者被觀眾給予熱烈的掌聲，空處應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意義，即beinggiven。故選C項(xiàng)。31．B【詳解】考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：正如我們?cè)S多人已經(jīng)知道的那樣，為未來(lái)制定好計(jì)劃并不能保證它們會(huì)成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。is是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，空格處作主語(yǔ)，表示經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作，應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式。故選B項(xiàng)。32．B【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和副詞。句意：人們認(rèn)為，我們今天所知道的史詩(shī)是幾代講故事的人將材料傳遞下去的結(jié)果，直到最后，不知怎么的，有人把它寫了出來(lái)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，第一空pass作非謂語(yǔ)，作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)，故用動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語(yǔ)。第二空考查副詞詞義辨析，A.somewhat有點(diǎn)，稍微；B.somehow不知為什么；C.whatever無(wú)論什么；D.anyhow無(wú)論如何。分析句意，此處表達(dá)“不知怎么的”，應(yīng)該用somehow。故選B項(xiàng)。33．C【詳解】考查固定短語(yǔ)。句意：總統(tǒng)上臺(tái)后致力于改革衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)。表示“致力于”短語(yǔ)為commitoneselftodoingsth./becommittedtodoingsth.，結(jié)合后文came可知為一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故選C。34．A【詳解】考查時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：你第一次出國(guó)，適應(yīng)國(guó)外生活可能會(huì)有困難。thefirsttime“第一次……”是連詞，forthefirsttime“第一次”是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，adjustto“適應(yīng)”，固定短語(yǔ)。第一空，thefirsttime用作連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；第二空，havetrouble(in)doingsth做……有困難，是一個(gè)固定搭配，其后應(yīng)用adjust的動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語(yǔ)。故選A。35．C【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：冠狀病毒的爆發(fā)導(dǎo)致數(shù)千人被送往醫(yī)院接受治療，使全世界陷入深深的悲痛之中。分析句子可知，“l(fā)eadto…”意為“導(dǎo)致……”，“to”為介詞，后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，“people”和“send”為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式“beingdone”作賓語(yǔ)，“send”的過(guò)去分詞為“sent”，故空格一處填“beingsent”；句中有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“hasledto”且句中無(wú)連詞，故空格二處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，“cause”意為“造成”，動(dòng)詞詞性，根據(jù)句意可知，句中表示自然而然的結(jié)果，故應(yīng)用“cause”的現(xiàn)在分詞“causing”，作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，故空格二處填“causing”。故選C項(xiàng)。36．D【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：你最好把頭發(fā)剪短。我們學(xué)校不允許學(xué)生留太長(zhǎng)的頭發(fā)。approveofsb.doingsth.是固定搭配，意為“允許、贊同某人做某事”，動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，sb.作其邏輯主語(yǔ)。故選D項(xiàng)。37．D【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：Jim說(shuō)服他父親賣掉那輛舊車費(fèi)了多大的勁啊！分析句子可知，這是一個(gè)感嘆句，Jimhad_____hisfathertosellhisoldcar是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞trouble，從句中使用固定短語(yǔ)havetrouble(in)doingsth.，意為“做某事有困難”，空處應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式。故選D項(xiàng)。38．C【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。句意：如果你想在8月份旅行，我建議你提前購(gòu)票。advise作“建議”講，后面跟動(dòng)名詞，為動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)advisedoing“建議做某事”，滿足句意要求。故選C項(xiàng)。39．B【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：——你哥哥要去露營(yíng)嗎?——他已經(jīng)報(bào)名了，但正在考慮不去。consider作“考慮”解，后跟動(dòng)名詞；動(dòng)名詞的的否定形式為在其前面直接加not，即notdoing，故空處應(yīng)填notgoing。故選B項(xiàng)。40．D【詳解】考查固定句型。句意：我認(rèn)為他不能勝任這種工作，所以我不能雇用他。beequaltodoing…“勝任……”為固定句型，其中to為介詞。故選D項(xiàng)。41．D【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：每當(dāng)邁克違反交通規(guī)則時(shí)，他總是試圖逃避罰款。根據(jù)短語(yǔ)escapedoingsth.可知，排除B、C選項(xiàng)；A選項(xiàng)強(qiáng)調(diào)fine發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，不符合語(yǔ)境；此處fine與Mike構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用beingdone形式。故選D。42．D【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：在那場(chǎng)大火中，他幸運(yùn)地逃過(guò)一劫。動(dòng)詞escape后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，且句子主語(yǔ)和kill之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用beingkilled。故選D項(xiàng)。43．B【詳解】考查固定短語(yǔ)和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：一打開(kāi)電腦，我就收到一封筆友的電子郵件，邀請(qǐng)我去他的城市過(guò)暑假。分析句子機(jī)構(gòu)和選項(xiàng)可知，第一空為on＋doing...結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“一……就……”；第二空，因?yàn)楸揪湟延兄^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞found，所以invite用非謂語(yǔ)形式，分析知和e-mail構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故選B項(xiàng)。44．B【詳解】考查固定短語(yǔ)和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：——到底是什么讓你心情不好？——陷入交通堵塞幾個(gè)小時(shí)。bestuckin為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“陷入”，結(jié)合上文的“What”可知，此處需要主語(yǔ)，需用動(dòng)名詞形式作主語(yǔ)。故選B。45．B【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞和名詞搭配。句意：他熱愛(ài)生活，并且喜歡探索物體和動(dòng)物的工作原理。分析句意可知，第一空考查名詞appetite“食欲”的搭配：haveanappetitefor表示“熱愛(ài)/愛(ài)好…”；第二空考查動(dòng)詞enjoy“喜歡”的搭配：enjoydoing表示“喜歡做…”，故動(dòng)詞explore“探索”使用動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語(yǔ)。故選B項(xiàng)。46．D【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：——你在會(huì)議上提出了反對(duì)意見(jiàn)，夠勇敢的?！?，現(xiàn)在我后悔這么做了。此處考查動(dòng)詞regret的基本用法。常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)有regretdoing/havingdone，regret后接動(dòng)名詞，也可接動(dòng)名詞的完成式，意為“后悔做某事”；regrettodo，意為“對(duì)要做的事遺憾（事情還沒(méi)有做）”。根據(jù)第一句時(shí)態(tài)可知，提出反對(duì)意見(jiàn)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，所以設(shè)空處應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞（完成式），表示為已經(jīng)做過(guò)的事而感到后悔，作賓語(yǔ)。故選D項(xiàng)。47．B【詳解】考查固定短語(yǔ)。句意：那些體操動(dòng)作需要改進(jìn)。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短語(yǔ)“requiredoingsth.”，意為“某事需要被做”，用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義，相當(dāng)于“requiretobedone”，故空格處應(yīng)填“improve”的動(dòng)名詞“improving”。故選B項(xiàng)。48．D【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。句意：我們不想冒卷入內(nèi)戰(zhàn)的危險(xiǎn)。根據(jù)句意可知，此處為動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)riskdoing“冒險(xiǎn)做某事”，后接動(dòng)名詞形式，滿足句意要求。故選D項(xiàng)。49．B【詳解】考查固定短語(yǔ)。句意：今天下午他寧愿呆在家里也不愿出去。分析句子，句中preferdoingtodoing為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“寧愿做……也不愿做……”。故選B。50．D【詳解】考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：——什么對(duì)企業(yè)之間的合作很重要？——以真誠(chéng)的方式處理分歧?；卮饂hat應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式。根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)該用動(dòng)名詞的一般式。故選D。課后鞏固提高用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成短文Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassage,coherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Scientistsweredeeplyconcernedaboutwhatwashappening.Avianvacuolarmyelinopathy(AVM)wasfirstdiscoveredinthewinterof1994129baldeaglecarcasseswerefoundnearDeGrayLake,aman-madereservoirinArkansas.Twoyearslater,atleast70eagleshaddiedacrossseveralArkansasreservoirs.By1998,conditionscontinuedtodeteriorateasdeadbirdsofdifferentspeciesincludingAmericancoots,mallardsandring-neckedduckswereconfirmedattensitesacrosssixstates.Allofthedocumentedcasesofthis2(emerge)diseaseoccurredonornearmanmadewaterreservoirswithabundantaquaticvegetation.Butwhatparticularlypuzzledscientistswas3thesebirdsbehavedbeforetheydied.Thebirdswereobservedsuddenlyflyingstraight4stationaryobjects(rockwallsandtrees),swimmingincircles,andwiththeirwingsdrooped.Formanyyears,scientistsfromstateandfederalagenciestriedtofigureoutwhatwaskillingthebirdsandthetestingofsedimentanddeadbirdsataffectedwaterreservoirsforxenobioticcompoundsthatcauseAVM5(reveal)nothing.Necropsiesofthebirds’brainsshowedwidespreadvacuolationofwhitematterofthecentralnervoussystemandspinalcordwhichexplainedtheiruncoordinatedbehaviour.Earlystudiessuggestedthatanunknown,seasonalandenvironmentalneurotoxin6beresponsible.Recently,apaperpublishedinthejournalSciencehaspinpointedtheexactneurotoxinresponsibleforthedeathofthosebaldeaglesinArkansas.TheresearchdescribestheseriesofeventsthatleadstoAVM.It’safatalthree-partprocessthatrequiresinvasiveplants,abundantbacteria,andchemicalsintheenvironment.ItbeginswiththeinvasiveplantnamedHydrillaverticillata,alsocalledwaterthyme,firstintroducedtotheUnitedStatesinthe1950’s7anaquariumplant.TheplantishometocyanobacteriacalledAetokthonoshydrillicolawhichcolonizeupto95%oftheplantleaves.Thecyanobacteriaaren’t8deadlytowaterbirdsbutwhenthey9(expose)tothechemicalbromideintheenvironment,theyproduceadangerousneurotoxincalledaetokthonotoxinwhichcausesAVMinbirds.PreviousfieldandlaboratorystudieshavealsodemonstratedthatAVMinherbivorouswaterbirdsduetotheingestionofH.verticillatacanbetransferredupthefoodchaintobirdsofpreywhichconsumethe10(affect)waterfowl.AVMthuspresentsathreattomultipleavianspecies.Furthermore,feedingtrialshavealsoconfirmedneuropathyandmortalityinawiderangeoftaxaincludingamphibians,reptiles,andfish.Thisworkhighlightstheroleofcyanobacteriaaspotentiallydangeroustoxinproducersandfurtherresearchintohowthetoxineffectshumanhealthviatheconsumptionoffishandwaterbirdsfromthesecontaminatedreservoirsisurgentlyrequired.Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useONEwordthatbestfitseachblank.CopingWiththeSundayScariesAfewyearsago,Iwasinthekitchenofafriend’shousepreparingameal.Whenweallsatdowntoeat,myfriend’swifewolfeddownhersupperandthendisappearedintoanotherroomtodosomework.Hesmiledandsaid,“SundaynightsarethenewMondaymorningsaroundhere.”Iwassurprisedatt