03-選擇性必修第三冊Unit-3基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)(人教版2019)

2023年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測(人教版2019)選擇性必修三Unit3EnvironmentalProtectionⅠ.單句語法填空1.Themost__________(frequent)shareditemsarethoseexpensivetobuybutnotfullyused.2.(2018·江蘇高考)The__________(sustain)successofsmallfarmers,though,won’thappenwithoutfundamentalchangestotheindustry.3.(2018·天津高考)Ontopofthat,mostofthe3Dfoodprintersnow__________(restrict)todryingredients,becausemeatandmilkproductsmayeasilygobad.

4.(2018·江蘇高考)WeattheNYFCneedbroadsupportasweurgeCongresstoincreasefarmland__________(conserve),aswepushforimmigrationreform,andasweseekpoliciesthatwillensurethesuccessofadiverseandambitiousnextgenerationoffarmersfromallbackgrounds.

Ⅱ.完成句子1.如果我是她的員工,我真的不能忍受每天被她責(zé)罵。____________________,Ireallywouldn’ttoleratebeingscoldedbyhereveryday.

2.研究表明女性要比男性有更敏銳的嗅覺并且對情感更敏感。Thestudyshowsthatwomen____________________thanmenandarealso____________________.

3.現(xiàn)今,在中國每一個(gè)人都有責(zé)任構(gòu)建和諧社會。Nowadayseveryoneis____________________.

4.在我看來,一個(gè)人只有勇敢地面對困難并且抓住機(jī)會才能成功。Inmyopinion,____________________canonesucceed.

5.就我個(gè)人而言,討論焦慮的來源是釋放壓力的一個(gè)好辦法。____________________,talkingaboutsourceofanxietyisagreatwaytoreleasestress.

Ⅲ.語法填空InancientChinalivedanartist1._______paintingswerealmostlifelike.Theartist’sreputationhadmadehimproud.Onedaytheemperorwantedtogethisportrait(畫像)donesohecalledallgreatartiststocomeandpresenttheir2._____(fine)work,sothathecouldchoosethebest.Theartistwassurehewould3._______(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor’schiefminister,theoldmanlaughed.ThewiseoldmantoldhimtotraveltotheLiRiver—perhapshecouldlearnalittlefromthegreatestartistintheworld.

Filledwith4._________(curious),theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.5.______heaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary(傳奇的)artist,theysmiledand6.__________(point)downtheriver.Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetout7.______(find)thewell-knownpainter.Asthesmallboatmoved8.__________(gentle)alongtheriverhewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.Hepassedmilkywhitewaterfallsandmountainsinmanyshadesofblue.Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds9.__________(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.Theartistwasfinallyhumbled(謙卑)bythegreatestartist10.__________earth,MotherNature.

IV.閱讀理解ABeforetheendoftheyear,employeesatUbiquitousEnergy,acompanyinRedwoodCity,Calif,willgatherinawindow-linedconferenceroomtostaretowardthefuture.That’sbecausetheirnewglasswindowswilloffermorethananamazingviewoftheNorthCalifornialandscape.Theywillalsobeabletopowerthecompany’slights,computersandairconditioners.Severalyearsinthemaking,Ubiquitous’energy-producingglassisaremarkabletechnologicalachievement.Itspowerliesinthelayersoforganicpolymers(聚合物)betweensheetsofglass.Aslightentersthewindow,theflowofelectronsbetweenthepolymerlayerscreatesanelectriccurrent,whichisthencollectedbytinywiresintheglass.“It’ssortoflikeatransparentcomputerdisplayruninreverse(反過來),”saysVeeralHardev,directorofbusinessdevelopmentatUbiquitousEnergy.“Insteadofelectricitybeingshuttledtodifferentpointsinadisplaytolightthemup,lightisproducingelectricitytobeshuttledoutofdifferentpointsinthewindow.”Rightnowthewindowsproduceaboutathirdasmuchelectricityfromagivenamountofsunlightasthetypicalsolarcellsusedinroofpanels(板).Thesewindows,abouthalfastransparentasordinaryglass,don’tworkaswellastransparentones.Hardevsaysthecompanyislikelytoimprovethetransparencysignificantly.Asfortheloweroutputofelectricity,henotesthatwindowscancoveramuchgreatersurfaceareathanaroof,sonumerouswindowswillproduceasurprisinglylargeramountofelectricitythantheproductionfromarooftopfullofhigher-efficiencysolarpanels.“Youcoulddoboth.”saysHardev.“Butyou’llgetmorefromthewindows.Thebiggestchallenge,”headds,“isincreasingthewindowsfromlessthantwosquarefeetcurrentlytoabout50squarefeet.”1.Whatmakesthenewglasswindowsspecial?A.Theycanofferanamazingview.B.Theyarecontrolledbycomputers.C.Theycanpowertheconferenceroom.D.Theycanhelpstaretowardthefuture.2.WhatisHardevtryingtoexplaininParagraph3?A.Thesourceoflight.B.Thesignificanceofdifferentpoints.C.Thesimilarityofcomputerandglass.D.Theworkingprincipleofenergy-producingglass.3.Whatcanaffectpowerproductionaccordingtothepassage?A.Thetransparencyoftheglass.B.Thequalityoftherooftop.C.Theheightofthesolarpanels.D.Thethicknessoftheglass.4.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Windows:ANewChallengeofTechnologyB.Windows:NoLongerJustforLettingintheLightC.Power:APressingProblemintheNearFutureD.Power:NotEnoughfromRooftopSolarPanelsBLastyearsawoneofthepoorestsalmonreturnsonrecordinNorthAmerica.Yet,weareeatingmorefishthaneverbefore.Aquaculture(水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖)productionhastripledinthelasttwodecadestomeetthisneed,andanotherhistoricmovewasmadebytheFDAearlierthisyear,whenacompanyreceivedthefirstevernodtosellageneticallymodifiedsalmon,abioengineeredversionoftheAtlanticsalmon.US-basedAquaBounty,thefirmwhichreceivedthego-ahead,saiditwouldbeginstockingfishinsupermarkets“assoonaspossible”.Thefirstcommercialharvestisexpectedattheendof2020.Atthemoment,Argentina,BrazilandChinahavealsograntedenvironmentalapprovalsforgeneticallymodifiedfishfarmingtrials.ThisgeneticallymodifiedsalmonisactuallyafishinjectedwiththeDNAoftwootherediblefish.ThelongroadtothecurrentversionoftheGMfishbeganinthe1980swhenaphysiologistnamedGarthFletcherreadabouttheworkbeingdonetogeneticallymodifymiceandwonderedwhetheritcouldapplytosalmon.Heunderstoodthatthefish’sgrowthhormonesaremostactiveinsomeseasonsandconsideredchangingthissothatthehormonesarealwaysactive.Cutto2019,Fletcher’sGMfishisabletoreachadultsizein16to18months,comparedwith30monthsfornaturalAtlanticsalmon,whileconsuming25%lessfeed.IntheUnitedStates,Atlanticsalmonisendangered,socatchingitisheavilyrestricted.ItiscurrentlyimportedfromChile,NorwayandCanada.IftheproductionandsalesofAquaBountygoasplanned,thiswillallchange.Andsimultaneously,thecompanyclaimsthatfarmingthefishintheirland-basedhatcherieswilllowerthetransportationcostaswellasemissionsassociatedwithimportingthefishasiscurrentlydone.Thishasnotallbeenwithoutstiffopposition,andprotestorswhohavesentnearly2millioncommentstotheFDAhavehadissuesonthreemainfronts.Healthrisks,beingthemainone,asithasbeenwithseveralothergeneticallymodifiedfoodsinthepast.TheenvironmentalgroupEarthActionsaysnoonecanpredictwhatwillhappenwhenpeoplestarteatingthefishovertime.5.WhatcanwelearnaboutAquaBounty?A.ItisafirmlocatedinArgentina.B.ItperformsresearchintoGMfish.C.Itdealswiththeproductionandsalesoffish.D.ItistheonlyfirmallowedtoproduceGMfish.6.OneoftheadvantagesoftheGMsalmonisthat______.

A.ithasprovedtohavenohealthrisksB.itcosts25%lessthanimportedsalmonC.itcanmeetpeople’severincreasingneedD.itgrowsfasterthannaturalAtlanticsalmon7.ProtestorsagainstGMsalmonworrythat______.

A.fishmarketswillbeseriouslydisturbedB.GMfoodhaspotentialhealthproblemsC.GMsalmonmaynotbeuptothestandardD.theenvironmentalgroupEarthActionwillnotbesatisfied8.Theunderlinedword“This”inthelastparagraphprobablyrefersto______.

A.thenodtosellaGMsalmonB.thelowercostofGMsalmonC.thepredictionaboutwhatwillhappenD.theimportofsalmonfromChile,NorwayandCanadaV.七選五Imagineachildstandingonadivingboardfourfeethighandaskinghimselfthequestion:“ShouldIjump?”Thisiswhatmotivationorthelackofitcando.Motivationandgoalsettingarethetwosidesofsamecoin.1Likethechildonthedivingboard,youwillstayundecided.

2Morethanthat,howshouldyoustaymotivatedtoachievethegoal?First,youneedtoevaluateyourself,yourvalues,yourstrengths,yourweaknesses,yourachievements,yourdesires,etc.Onlythenshouldyousetyourgoals.

Youalsoneedtojudgethequalityanddepthofyourmotivation.Thisisquiteimportant,becauseitisdirectlyrelatedtoyourcommitment.Therearetimeswhenyourheartisnotinyourwork.3So,slowdownandthinkwhatyoureallywanttodoatthatmoment.Clarity(清晰)ofthoughtscanhelpyoumoveforward.

Anotherwayofsettingrealisticgoalsistoanalyzeyourshortandlongtermobjectives,keepinginmindyourbeliefs,valuesandstrengths.Rememberthatgoalsareflexible.4Theyalsoneedtobemeasurable.Youmustkeepthesepointsinmindwhilesettingyourgoals.

Yourpersonalcircumstancesareequallyimportant.Forexample,youmaywanttobeapilotbutcan’tbecomeonebecauseyoureyesightisnotgoodenough.5Youshouldreassessyourgoals,andmotivateyourselftosetafreshgoal.

Youwillsurelyneedtoovercomesomedifficulties,someplanned,butmostunplanned.Youcannotovercomethemwithoutamplemotivation.Makesurethatyouplanforthesedifficultiesatthetimeofsettingyourgoals.A.Thiscanaffectyourwork.B.Sohowshouldyoumotivateyourself?C.However,thisshouldnotdiscourageyou.D.Sowhyshouldwetrytosetspecificgoals?E.Theycanchangeaccordingtocircumstances.F.Motivationiswhatyouneedmosttodoagoodjob.G.Withoutmotivation,youcanneithersetagoalnorreachit.VI.完形填空Atriptoabank’sATMmachineisusuallyacommonaffair.ButforJoseNunezRomaniz,his1onSundayisonethathewon’t2fortherestofhislife.

The19-year-oldcollegestudentwasmakinga3forMother’sDayonlinewhenhenoticedhisaccountbalance(存款余額)was4.Sohedrovetothenearestbanktodepositmoney.Littledidheknowthathewasabouttomakeanincredible5.

Whenhearrived,Josenoticedaplasticbagonthegroundfilledwithcash,whichturnedouttobe$135,000.“WhenIfirstsawit,Iwasvery6,notknowingwhattodo,”JosetoldtheNewYorkTimes.Aftertakingamomentto7himself,Josecalledthepolice.Andthepolicesoondiscoveredthatthemoneyhad8beenleftbehindbyaworker9withrefillingtheATM.

Thinkingthatitisthebiggestamountofmoneyeverfoundand10inAlbuquerquehistory,themayorandthepolicechiefheldaceremonytohonorJose’s11.And,perhapsbestofall,thepolicechiefinvitedJoseto12ajobasapublicserviceaidforthedepartment13hisgraduation.ForJose,itwasthebestgiftforMother’sDay.“Mothercalledme14shealmoststartedcryingexcitedly...ShetoldmeIdidtherightthingandthatshewas15ofwhatIdid,”saidJose.

1.A.plan B.experimentC.visit D.show2.A.enjoy B.forgetC.imagine D.face3.A.purchase B.survey C.wish D.decision4.A.full B.clearC.inaccurate D.low5.A.offer B.promiseC.profit D.discovery6.A.shocked B.amused C.excited D.satisfied7.A.teach B.disturbC.collect D.challenge8.A.carefully B.accidentallyC.deliberately D.nervously9.A.continued B.chargedC.armed D.tasked10.A.returned B.savedC.lost D.exchanged11.A.confidence B.honestyC.bravery D.appreciation12.A.holdup B.adaptto C.waitfor D.applyfor13.A.although B.before C.after D.until14.A.or B.and C.so D.but15.A.proud B.considerateC.worthy D.sure參考答案Ⅰ.1.Themostfrequently(frequent)shareditemsarethoseexpensivetobuybutnotfullyused.2.Thesustainable(sustain)successofsmallfarmers,though,won’thappenwithoutfundamentalchangestotheindustry.3.Ontopofthat,mostofthe3Dfoodprintersnowarerestricted(restrict)todryingredients,becausemeatandmilkproductsmayeasilygobad.

4.WeattheNYFCneedbroadsupportasweurgeCongresstoincreasefarmlandconservation(conserve),aswepushforimmigrationreform,andasweseekpoliciesthatwillensurethesuccessofadiverseandambitiousnextgenerationoffarmersfromallbackgrounds.

Ⅱ.1.IfIwereherstaff,Ireallywouldn’ttoleratebeingscoldedbyhereveryday.

2.Thestudyshowsthatwomenhaveabettersenseofsmellthanmenandarealsomoresensitivetoemotions.

3.NowadayseveryoneisresponsibleforbuildingupaharmonioussocietyinChina.

4.Inmyopinion,onlybyfacingdifficultiesbravelyandseizingopportunitiescanonesucceed.

5.AsfarasI’mconcerned,talkingaboutsourceofanxietyisagreatwaytoreleasestress.

Ⅲ.【文章大意】在古代的中國,有一個(gè)自認(rèn)為畫技超群的畫家,認(rèn)為自己的作品一定會被皇帝看中,最后他才發(fā)現(xiàn),還有比自己技藝更高的存在——大自然。從中我們也應(yīng)該知道,做人應(yīng)該謙虛,虛心向他人學(xué)習(xí)。1.【解析】whose?？疾槎ㄕZ從句?？崭袂昂笫莾蓚€(gè)獨(dú)立的句子,缺少連接詞,根據(jù)后面的paintings可知,我們需要填進(jìn)去的詞應(yīng)該和paintings構(gòu)成所屬關(guān)系,填whose。2.【解析】finest?？疾樾稳菰~最高級?？崭裰械脑~修飾的是work,根據(jù)后文中thebest可知應(yīng)填fine的最高級finest。3.【解析】bechosen?？疾檎Z態(tài)。根據(jù)文章意思,此處應(yīng)該是被動語態(tài),而且前面有情態(tài)動詞would其后應(yīng)用動詞原形,填bechosen。4.【解析】curiosity?？疾槊~?？崭裉幨莣ith的賓語,要用名詞形式,curious的名詞形式是curiosity。5.【解析】When/As?？疾闋钫Z從句。這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句,逗號前面是時(shí)間狀語從句,句子大概意思是:當(dāng)他問村民的時(shí)候,他們指向江邊,應(yīng)該用When或As引導(dǎo)。6.【解析】pointed?？疾閺?fù)合句。and連接兩個(gè)謂語動詞,空格處的動詞形式應(yīng)和前文中的smiled一致,填pointed。7.【解析】tofind?？疾榉侵^語動詞。setout開始,著手,出發(fā)。表達(dá)的是主語的目的和行為,應(yīng)填todo不定式,即tofind。8.【解析】gently?？疾楦痹~,空格處修飾的是前面的動詞moved,應(yīng)用副詞gently。9.【解析】surrounding?？疾閺?fù)合句,同第6題,根據(jù)and可知前后為兩個(gè)非謂語動詞并列,與rising一致,即surrounding。10.【解析】on?？疾榻樵~,根據(jù)后文earth及語義搭配,填on。IV.A【文章大意】本文介紹了一家公司研制出了與眾不同的可以發(fā)電的新的玻璃窗。1.【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的Theywillalsobeabletopowerthecompany’slights,computersandairconditioners.可知,它們還能夠?yàn)楣镜臒?計(jì)算機(jī)和空調(diào)供電。由此可知,新的玻璃窗與眾不同的是它們可以為會議室供電。2.【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段可知,“這有點(diǎn)像一臺反向運(yùn)行的透明電腦顯示器,”UbiquitousEnergy的業(yè)務(wù)開發(fā)主管維洛拉?哈德夫表示。他說:“不是把電傳送到顯示器的不同點(diǎn)來點(diǎn)亮它們,而是把產(chǎn)生的電從窗口的不同點(diǎn)傳送出去?！庇纱丝芍?哈德夫在第三段中想要解釋的是產(chǎn)生電能的新玻璃窗的工作原理。3.【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的Thesewindows,abouthalfastransparentasordinaryglass,don’tworkaswellastransparentones.Hardevsaysthecompanyislikelytoimprovethetransparencysignificantly.可知,這些窗戶的透明度只有普通玻璃的一半,不如透明玻璃那么好用。哈德夫說,公司可能會大幅提高透明度。由此可知,玻璃的透明度會影響發(fā)電量。4.【解析】選B。標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文尤其是第一段可知,UbiquitousEnergy公司研發(fā)出的新玻璃窗不僅可以讓光線進(jìn)入屋內(nèi),它們還可以為公司的燈,計(jì)算機(jī)和空調(diào)供電。因此B項(xiàng)Windows:NoLongerJustforLettingintheLight(窗戶:不再只是為了讓光線進(jìn)來)符合文章內(nèi)容,可以作為最佳標(biāo)題。B【文章大意】本文是說明文,介紹了生產(chǎn)和銷售轉(zhuǎn)基因魚的公司狀況以及人們對轉(zhuǎn)基因魚的看法。5.【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的IftheproductionandsalesofAquaBountygoasplanned,thiswillallchange.(如果AquaBounty的生產(chǎn)和銷售按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行,這一切都會改變)可知,AquaBounty是一家生產(chǎn)和銷售轉(zhuǎn)基因魚的公司。C.Itdealswiththeproductionandsalesoffish.(它處理魚的生產(chǎn)和銷售)符合以上說法。6.【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的Cutto2019,Fletcher’sGMfishisabletoreachadultsizein16to18months,comparedwith30monthsfornaturalAtlanticsalmon,whileconsuming25%lessfeed.(2019年,弗萊徹的轉(zhuǎn)基因魚可以在16—18個(gè)月內(nèi)長到成年大小,而天然大西洋鮭魚則需要30個(gè)月,同時(shí)消耗的飼料也少了25%)可知,轉(zhuǎn)基因魚的一個(gè)優(yōu)勢是比大西洋鮭魚長得快。D.itgrowsfasterthannaturalAtlanticsalmon(它比大西洋鮭魚長得快)符合以上說法。7.【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的Healthrisks,beingthemainone,asithasbeenwithseveralothergeneticallymodifiedfoodsinthepast.(健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是主要原因,就像過去其他幾種轉(zhuǎn)基因食品一樣)可知,抗議者們擔(dān)心轉(zhuǎn)基因食品存在健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。B.GMfoodhaspotentialhealthproblems(轉(zhuǎn)基因食品有潛在的健康問題)符合以上說法。8.【解析】選A。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段的acompanyreceivedthefirstevernodtosellageneticallymodifiedsalmon(一個(gè)公司首次得到銷售轉(zhuǎn)基因鮭魚的許可)和畫線部分所在句子Thishasnotallbeenwithoutstiffopposition(這并非沒有強(qiáng)烈的反對意見)可推測,this指代是“同意銷售轉(zhuǎn)基因鮭魚”。A.thenodtosellaGMsalmon(同意銷售轉(zhuǎn)基因鮭魚)符合以上說法。V.【文章大意】作者通過文章主要向我們描述了動機(jī)和目標(biāo)設(shè)定是同一硬幣的兩面,一定要好好把握。1.【解析】選G。根據(jù)前面的句子“動機(jī)和目標(biāo)的設(shè)置是一個(gè)問題的兩個(gè)方面”,和前面的實(shí)例:跳水板上的孩子由于缺少動機(jī)不能決定跳還是不跳?？芍虚g的句子會提到?jīng)]有了動機(jī)會出現(xiàn)的結(jié)果。2.【解析】選B。根據(jù)Morethanthat以及后面的問句“你應(yīng)該如何保持動力來實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)”可推知前面應(yīng)該是一個(gè)關(guān)于如何讓你有動力這樣的問題。3.【解析】選A。前面提到“你的心不在你的工作上”以及So后提出的解決方法,可推知中間應(yīng)該提到前面問題帶來的不好的影響這樣的內(nèi)容。4.【解析】選E。根據(jù)前面的句子“記住:目標(biāo)是靈活的”可知它們是可以根據(jù)情況變化的。5.【解析】選C。前面提到“由于視力不好,原來的當(dāng)飛行員的目標(biāo)實(shí)現(xiàn)不了”這樣的令人沮喪的情況,后面又提到重新評估你的目標(biāo),可推知中間一句應(yīng)該提到前面的情況不應(yīng)該影響你。VI.【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。一名19歲的大學(xué)生JoseNunezRomaniz準(zhǔn)備在銀行存款時(shí),無意中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)裝著很多現(xiàn)金的塑料袋,但他沒有據(jù)為己有而是給警察打了電話。1.【解析】選C?？疾槊~詞義辨析。句意:但對于JoseNunezRomaniz來說,周日的銀行之行是他永生難忘的經(jīng)歷。plan計(jì)劃;experiment試驗(yàn);visit拜訪,逗留;show展示。根據(jù)前文Atriptoabank’s...可知,此處指的是Jose周日的銀行之行。2.【解析】選B?？疾閯釉~詞義辨析。句意:但對于JoseNunezRomaniz來說,周日的銀行之行是他永生難忘的經(jīng)歷。enjoy欣賞;forget忘記;imagine想象;face面對。根據(jù)后文Jose存款時(shí)的經(jīng)歷可知,Jose在存錢時(shí)意外撿到了一大筆錢,所以這成了他永遠(yuǎn)都不會忘記的經(jīng)歷。3.【解析】選A?？疾槊~詞義辨析。句意:這位19歲的大學(xué)生正在網(wǎng)上為母親節(jié)購物,這時(shí)他注意到自己的賬戶余額不足。purchase購買;survey調(diào)查表;wish希望;decision決定。根據(jù)后文forMother’sDayonline可知Jose當(dāng)時(shí)準(zhǔn)備給媽媽買母親節(jié)禮物。makeapurchase表示“購物”。4.【解析】選D?？疾樾稳菰~詞義辨析。句意:這位19歲的大學(xué)生正在網(wǎng)上為母親節(jié)購物,這時(shí)他注意到自己的賬戶余額不足。full完全的;clear清楚的;inaccurate不