【名師課堂】2021高考人教版英語一輪課堂演練：必修1-Unit-4-Earthquakes

[課堂演練]Ⅰ.單詞拼寫依據(jù)漢語注釋及首字母提示寫出下列單詞的正確形式。1.FromthetimeIwasaboutfouruntilIwasaboutsix,I________(破壞)eachofmytoys.2.Theywere________(震驚)bythenewsthattenpeoplewerekilledintheaccident.3.Afterfinishingmyhomework,Iwanderedintothediningroomwhereyouwere________(埋頭于)underpilesoflawbooks.4.PerhapsIhavenote______myselfverywell.5.MyEnglishteacher'shumorwassuchastomakeeverystudentb______intolaughter.答案：1.destroyed2.shocked3.buried4.expressed5.burstⅡ.選詞填空buryoneselfin;giveout;burstinto;rightaway;digout1.Hearingthenews,she________tears.2.Ifwarbreaksout,weshallbecalledup________.3.She________herbook;shedidnotnoticewhathadhappened.4.Hehasrefusedto________anyinformationonthematter.5.Thetreasure________oftheearthwasaboxofgoldcoins.答案：1.burstinto2.rightaway3.buriedherselfin4.giveout5.dugoutⅢ.單句語法填空1.Youwill________(毀壞)yourchancesofgettingapayriseifyoudon'tworkharderthanothers.答案：ruin解析：ruin可用于引申含義，意為“毀壞”，此時(shí)其賓語通常是health,fame,chance等。2.Theaudiencewaiteduntilthecurtainroseandthen____________(burst)laughteratthesightofthefunnyactor.答案：burstinto解析：句意：觀眾們始終等到幕布拉起，然后一看到那個滑稽的演員，大家都突然大笑起來。burstintolaughter＝burstoutlaughing“突然大笑起來”。3.－Mary'salways________(bury)inreadingandstudying.－Nowondershealwaysgotthefirstplaceinanyexamination.答案：buried解析：句意：“瑪麗成天埋頭于學(xué)習(xí)和讀書中?！薄半y怪她每次考試都得第一名?！眀eburiedin“埋頭于；認(rèn)真于”。4.________(judge)tobethebeststudent,Lucyreceivedascholarship,whichmadeherparentsverydelightedandsatisfied.答案：Judged解析：句意：被認(rèn)為是最好的同學(xué)，露西獲得了獎學(xué)金，這使父母格外興奮和滿足。judge與主語Lucy之間是被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作狀語。5.Thecarwasnotseriously________(毀壞)intheaccidentanditwon'tcostmuchtogetitrepaired.答案：damaged解析：damage多指對無生命物體的損害，造成降低價(jià)值、破壞功能等后果；依據(jù)后面的“itwon'tcostmuchtogetitrepaired.”可知損害是可以修復(fù)的，故該用damaged。6.Joiningthefirmasaclerk,hegotrapidpromotion,and________________(end)asamanager.答案：endedup解析：句意：他進(jìn)入公司時(shí)只是一個小職員，后來晉升很快，最終當(dāng)上了經(jīng)理。本題考查動詞短語辨析?！癳ndupas＋職位/職業(yè)”表示“最終做了某職位或職業(yè)”。7．Keepourselvesandourheartopen________________wecanexperiencethegreatjoythatfriendshipcanbring.答案：sothat解析：考查狀語從句的連接詞。句意：只要我們敞快活扉，就能體驗(yàn)到友情帶來的無窮樂趣。后句是前句的結(jié)果，因此應(yīng)用連詞sothat。8．Iagreewithmostofwhatyousaid,butIdon'tagreewith________.答案：everything/all解析：考查部分否定。句意：我同意你所說的大部分內(nèi)容，但是我并不是同意全部內(nèi)容。not...everything/all表示部分否定。9.________________________(deal)moneyhasbeenreceivedby________________________(many)peoplewhosufferedfromthefloods.答案：Agreatdealof;agreat/goodmany解析：句意：由于洪水而受罪的人們已經(jīng)收到了大量救濟(jì)錢款。agood/greatmany修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，agreatdealof修飾不行數(shù)名詞。10.－IhadbeenworriedaboutEnglishbeforethefinalexam,butIgotanA!－________！(恭喜你)答案：Congratulations解析：考查交際用語。Congratulations！(慶賀用語)恭喜你，慶賀你！[實(shí)戰(zhàn)力量·提升]Ⅳ.閱讀理解A[2022·百校聯(lián)盟沖刺卷]IwaslivinginSaoPaulo,ForseveralmonthsIdidn'thaveacar,sothreetimesaweek,Iusedpublictransportationtogotothecitycentre.Duringthesetrips,Iwouldridewiththepeoplewhotookthesamebusfromtheshantytowntogotowork.WhenIgotonthebus,alltheseatswerealreadytaken.Butwhenpeoplesawthatmybagwasheavy(fullofbooks),theyofferedtoholditontheirlaptomakemefeellighter.Atfirst,Iwasshocked.ThenIrealizedthatthesepeoplehadabsolutelynointentiontostealfromme:theyonlywantedtohelp.Once,onmywayback,Ihadtowaitforalongtimeatabusstop.Iwasalone,exceptforawomanwhowasapparentlyverypoor.Shecarriedasmallpaperbagofpopcornandnothingelse.Whilewewerewaiting,shewalkedoverandofferedmesomepopcorn.Ithankedher,butdidn'twanttohelpmyselftoit.ShethenrepeatedlyinsistedthatItakefromwhatwasevidentlyheronlyfood.ThatwasthefirsttimeIthoughtabouthowpeoplewhohavealmostnothing,aresometimesabletosharewhattheyhavemuchmore“easily”thanthosewhoownalot.Iwonderifit'struethatthemoreyouhave,thebiggertheburdenis，andthemoredifficulttoshareanythingwithothers.Iwassomovedbythatwoman'ssimplegenerositythatday.Iclearlyhadmorethanshedid,butshenaturallyandjoyfullysharedwhatshehadwithmenevertheless.1．Wheredidtheauthorlive?A.InHungary.B.InthecentreofSaoPaulo.C.InashantytownofSaoPaulo.D.Inacommunityneartoashantytown.2．Whytheauthorwereshockedwhenpeopleofferedtohelpcarryhisheavybagatfirst?A.Becausetheywouldborrowhisimportantbooks.B.Becausehehadn'tmetthiskindofthings.C.Becausetheyweren'tfamiliarwithhimD.Becausehethoughttheywouldstealhisbooks.3．Whathappenedatthebusstopontheauthor'swayhome?A.Apoorwomanatepopcornwithoutinvitinghim.B.Apoorwomaninsistedonsharingherpopcornwithhim.C.Heofferedapoorwomansomepopcorntoeat.D.Heprovidedhisbookstoapoorwomantoread.4．Fromthepassage，weknowthat________.A．sharingthingswithrichpeoplebringsopportunitiestoearnmoneyB．peoplewhohavealmostnothingmustbethemostgenerouspeopleC．sharingthingswithotherpeopledoesn'tdependonwhetheryouarerichorpoorD．peoplewhoownalotmustbethemostgenerouspeople[文章大意]本文是一篇記敘文，敘述了作者在巴西的圣保羅生活時(shí)，遇見的那些和善的人和那些感人的事情。1．D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第一段中的“IwaslivinginSaoPaulo,Brazil.”和“Werentedaflatinacommunity,buttherewasashantytown(貧民區(qū))quitenear.”可知，作者居住在巴西圣保羅的一個社區(qū)，但離一個貧民區(qū)很近。2．D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第三段中的“ThenIrealizedthatthesepeoplehadabsolutelynointentiontostealfromme：theyonlywantedtohelp.”我意識到這些人完全沒有要偷我的東西的意圖，他們只是想掛念我?？芍髡邉傞_頭感到震驚是由于他誤會了這些人，以為他們要偷他的書。3．B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段中的“ShethenrepeatedlyinsistedthatItakefromwhatwasevidentlyheronlyfood.”可知答案選B項(xiàng)。4．C。推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，尤其是最終兩段可知，與別人共享東西，與貧富無關(guān)。故選C項(xiàng)。B[2021·遼寧高考]“Indeed，”GeorgeWashingtonwroteinhisdiaryin1785,“somekindoffly,orbug,hadbeguntoeattheleavesbeforeIlefthome.”ButthefatherofAmericawasnotthefatherofbug.WhenWashingtonwrotethat,Englishmenhadbeenreferringtoinsectsasbugsformorethanacentury,andAmericanshadalreadycreatedlightning-bug(熒火蟲).ButtheEnglishweresoontostopusingthebugsintheirlanguage,leavingittotheAmericanstocallabugabuginthenineteenthandtwentiethcenturies.TheAmericanbugcouldalsobeaperson,referringtosomeonewhowascrazyaboutaparticularactivity.Althoughfanbecametheusualterm,sportsfansusedtobecalledracingbugs,baseballbugs,andthelike.Orthebugcouldbeasmallmachineorobject,forexample,abug-shapedcar.Thebugcouldalsobeaburglaralarm,fromwhichcomestheexpressiontobug,thatis，“toinstall(安裝)analarm”.Nowitmeansasmallpieceofequipmentthatpeopleuseforlisteningsecretlytoothers'conversations.Sincethe1840s,tobughaslongmeant“tocheat”，andsincethe1940sithasbeenannoying.Wealsoknowthebugasaflawinacomputerprogramorotherdesign.ThatmeaningdatesbacktothetimeofThomasEdison.In1878heexplainedbugsas“l(fā)ittleproblemsanddifficulties”thatrequiredmonthsofstudyandlabortoovercomeindevelopingasuccessfulproduct.In1889itwasrecordedthatEdison“hadbeenupthetwopreviousnightsdiscovering‘a(chǎn)bug’inhisinventedrecordplayer.”5．WelearnfromParagraph1that________.A.AmericanshaddifficultyinlearningtousethewordbugB.GeorgeWashingtonwasthefirstpersontocallaninsectabugC.thewordbugwasstillpopularlyusedinEnglandinthenineteenthcenturyD.bothEnglishmenandAmericansusedthewordbugintheeighteenthcentury6．Whatdoestheword“flaw”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Explanation. B.Finding.C.Origin. D.Fault.7．Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith________.A.themisunderstandingofthewordbugB.thedevelopmentofthewordbugC.thepublicviewsofthewordbugD.thespecialcharacteristicsofthewordbug[文章大意]'本文為說明文，題材為社會文化，主要介紹了bug這一單詞詞義的進(jìn)展過程。5．D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段可知在18世紀(jì)前美國人和英國人都使用bug這一單詞，故選D項(xiàng)。6．D。詞義猜想題。依據(jù)下文“In1878heexplainedbugs...toovercomeindevelopingasuccessfulproduct”可推斷flaw的意思可能是“缺陷，毛病，問題”，故選D。explanation解釋；finding調(diào)查發(fā)覺；origin起源，由來。7．B。推理推斷題。通讀全文可知。Ⅴ.短文改錯DearLiLei，IamwritingtoprovidemysincerecongratulationsonyourgraduationfromseniorhighschoolandenrollmentbythePekingUniversity.Iknowyouworkedveryhardinthepastyears,soIamtrulyhappytoseethatallyoureffortgetrewards.Iamsureyourparentsaregreatproudofyou.IjustwantyoutoknowhowpleasingIamtowitnessyoursuccess.BeingadmittedbySincerelyYours，HanMeimei答案：Dea