賓語(yǔ)從句-賓語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法講解

PAGEPAGE4賓語(yǔ)從句一.賓語(yǔ)從句的定義：在復(fù)合句中，用來(lái)做動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)的句子叫賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)：主句+引導(dǎo)詞+從句賓語(yǔ)從句的三要素：當(dāng)從句是陳述句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用that;當(dāng)從句是一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用if或whether（是否）;一般情況，if/whether可以換用，但以下3種情況只能用whether:引導(dǎo)詞a.與不定式連用；引導(dǎo)詞b.做介詞賓語(yǔ)；c與ornot連用當(dāng)從句是特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用原有的特殊疑問(wèn)詞； 語(yǔ)序賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序一定是陳述語(yǔ)序當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句可以用需要的任何時(shí)態(tài)；時(shí)態(tài)：當(dāng)主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句必須是對(duì)應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的一種時(shí)態(tài)：當(dāng)主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，但從句表示的是客觀真理或自然現(xiàn)象，從句時(shí)態(tài)不受主句時(shí)態(tài)的限制，都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。當(dāng)主句是Could/Wouldyoutellme時(shí)，看作一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，從句用需要的任何時(shí)態(tài)。賓語(yǔ)從句與直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)的關(guān)系賓語(yǔ)從句實(shí)際就是由直接引語(yǔ)變化而來(lái)的間接引語(yǔ)。所以，掌握好賓語(yǔ)從句必須熟悉直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)的規(guī)則。直接引述別人的原話，叫直接引語(yǔ)；直接引語(yǔ)通常用引號(hào)“”括起來(lái)。用自己的話把別人的話陳述出來(lái)，叫間接引語(yǔ)。間接引語(yǔ)在多數(shù)情況下就構(gòu)成一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)的規(guī)則變化：引導(dǎo)詞及語(yǔ)序（同上）a.Myteachersaid:“He’llgotoBeijingtomorrow”.Myteachersaid_____________________________________________________________b.Theboyaskedhismother，“CanIgoouttoplayfootballaftersupper?”Theboyaskedhismother_____________________________________________________c.LilyaskedLucy，“Whenwillyoucomeback?”LilyaskedLucy______________________________________________________________人稱的變化（一隨主；二隨賓，第三人稱不變化）Shesaid,“Iliketennis.”______________________________________________HesaidtoLily,“Youmustgetupearly.”_____________________________________Shesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim.”_____________________________________時(shí)態(tài)的變化（同上）直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)/過(guò)去完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)練習(xí)：1）Sheasked,“Haveyouseenthefilm?”2）Sheaskedus，“Whereareyougoingtogetoff?”3）Heasked,“Areyouadoctor,John?”4）Theradiosaysit____________cloudytomorrow.(be)5）Theheadmasterhopeseverything______well.(go)6）Tomsaysthatthey________________(play)basketballatsixo’clockyesterdayevening.7）Ihearthey_____________(return)italready.8)Hesaidthatthey_____________membersofthePartysince1948.(be)9)MissWangtoldmethattheearth__________(move)roundtheearth.10)Ourteachertoldusinclassthesun___________intheeast.(rise)4．直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句，變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，把動(dòng)詞原形變成動(dòng)詞不定式，當(dāng)祈使句是否定句時(shí)，不定式前加not。并把主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞改為tell,ask,order等形式。例如：1.“Bequiet,please.”Mr.Wangsaidtous.___________________________________________________________________________2.Theteachersaidtous,“Don’tforgettobringyourhomeworktoschool.”(改為間接引語(yǔ))Theteacheraskedus________________________________________________________.賓語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)I.下列句子合并為一句1.Iwillcomeback.Tomsaid.2.Ishedoinghishomework?Jimasked.3.Whenwillhecomeback?Tomasked.4Wheredotheystopontheway?Iasked.5Whatwillyouspeakatthemeeting?Couldyoutellme?6.HowcanIgettothestation?Couldyoutellme?II.選擇最佳答案()1.Hetoldme_______shewouldcatchtheearlybus.

A.which

B.whether

C.why

D.that()2.Mrs.Greenaskedme_______Iwouldgowithher.

A.what

B.which

C.why

D.that

()3.Idon'tknow_______thecoat_______cheapenough.

A.if,is

B.where,were

C.that,was

D.if,were()4.Callyoutellmewhy_______yesterday?

A.youdidn'tcome

B.didyounotcomeC.didn'tyoucome

D.youdon'tcome()5.Hesaidthatthey_______Yunnan.

A.havebeento

B.hadgoneto

C.havegoneto

D.hasgoneto

()6.Jackisn'tsure_______studentsthereareinhisclass.

A.howmany

B.what

C.which

D.whether()7.Canyoutellme_______yesterday?

A.whattheydo

B.whattheydidC.whatdotheydo

D.whatdidtheydo()8.Iwanttoknow_______hishomeworkyesterdayevening.

A.ifhefinished

B.whetherhehadfinishedC.hadshefinished

D.hasshefinished()9.Doyouknowwhat_______thistimeyesterday?

A.theyaredoing

B.aretheydoingC.theyweredoing

D.weretheydoing()10.Excuseme,canyoutellme_______？A.whywasthetrainlate

B.whythetrainwaslateC.whyisthetrainlate

D.whythetrainislate

()11.Hesaidthatlight_______muchfasterthansound.

A.traveled

B.willtravel

C.travels

D.istraveling

()12.Doyouknowwhere_______?Someoneislookingforhim.

A.heis

B.hewas

C.ishe

D.washe

()13.--Would

you

please

tell

me

__________?

--At

10:00

this

evening.

A.

when

will

the

train

leave

B.

when

the

train

will

leave

C.

when

does

the

train

leave()14.Mybrothersaidhe_______going_______hisfriendthenextday.

A.was,tomeet

B.wouldgo,hasC.willgo,wasgoingto

D.willgo,will

()15.Hetoldmethathe_______toLondonthenextday.A.wouldgo

B.go

C.went

D.hasgone

()16.Hesaidthatlight_______muchfasterthansound.

A.traveled

B.willtravel

C.travels

D.istraveling()17.Ourteachersaidthatthemoon_______aroundtheearth.

A.turn