2021高考英語語法填空、閱讀類訓(xùn)練(11)及答案(含短文改錯)

2021高考英語語法填空、閱讀類訓(xùn)練（11）及答案（含短文改錯）語法填空。閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(不多于3個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。(原創(chuàng))TheNobelPrizeinLiteraturefor2021isawardedtotheCanadianauthorAliceMunro,“masterofthecontemporaryshortstory”.Canada’sAliceMunro—1(call)the“masterofthecontemporaryshortstory”—wonthe2021NobelPrizeinLiterature,theSwedishRoyalAcademyofSciencesannouncedThursday.Theprizecommitteecomparedthe82-year-oldauthor2AntonChekhov,the19thcenturyRussian3isconsideredoneofthegreatestshortstorywritersinhistory.She’sthefirstCanadian-basedwriter4(win)theliteratureaward.SaulBellow,whowonitin1976,wasborninQuebecbutmovedtotheUnitedStatesasachildandisregardedas5U.S.author.Munroisthe13thwomantoreceivetheliteratureprize.“OnbehalfofallCanadians,”CanadianPrimeMinisterStephenHarpersaidinatweet,“6(congratulation)toAliceMunro.”Aftertheprestigiousaward7(announce),theNobelcommitteesaidonTwitterthatithadn’tbeenabletocontactMunroandleftaphonemessagetotell8thegoodnews.ButTheCanadianPresscontactedher,andshewasquotedassayingtheawardwas“quitewonderful”andshewas“9(terrible)surprised”.“IknewIwasintherunning,yes,10IneverthoughtIwouldwin,”shesaid,accordingtoaTorontoStarstoryquotingTheCanadianPress.【文章大意】諾貝爾獎官方宣布,2021年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎授予加拿大女作家愛麗絲·門羅,頒獎詞稱其為“當(dāng)代短篇小說大師”。1.【解析】called?？疾檫^去分詞。call和規(guī)律主語AliceMunro之間是被動關(guān)系,應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)作定語。2.【解析】to?？疾榻樵~。compare...to...把……比作……。本句句意是:組委會把這位82歲的女作者比作19世紀(jì)俄國作家契訶夫。3.【解析】who?？疾殛P(guān)系代詞。who引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾AntonChekhov,the19thcenturyRussian,并在從句中作主語。4.【解析】towin?？疾椴欢ㄊ?。thefirst/second...后要接不定式作定語。5.【解析】a?？疾楣谠~。此處是泛指一位美國作家,應(yīng)用不定冠詞表泛指。6.【解析】congratulations?？疾槊~。表示慶賀時,應(yīng)用congratulation的復(fù)數(shù)形式。7.【解析】wasannounced?？疾楸粍诱Z態(tài)。announce和award之間是被動關(guān)系,且是發(fā)生在過去的事情,應(yīng)用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。8.【解析】her?？疾槿朔Q代詞。指代上文中提到的Munro。9.【解析】terribly?？疾楦痹~。修飾形容詞(surprised),應(yīng)用副詞。10.【解析】but?？疾檫B詞。句意:我知道我有期望,但我從來沒想過會獲獎。上下文之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,應(yīng)用but連接?！靖＝ㄊ「Ｖ菔?022高考英語3月質(zhì)檢試題】完形填空(共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填人空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Asateacher．Ioftenmakeitarulethatwhenweareonafieldtrip，therewillbenotalkingasweenterabuilding．Thisrule36toenteringanyplace，whetheritisacinema，achurch，atheatre,oranyotherplace．Once，inNewYorkCity，Itookmyclasstoseea(n)37nearTimesSquare．Whenwearrivedatthetheatre，therewereabouttwentyotherclasses38outsidewaitingtogetin．Thestudentsfromtheotherschoolswerenot39andtherewaspandemonium(烏煙瘴氣)．Itoldmystudentstostayinalineandkeep40．Itoldthemthatwewouldnotcarryourselveslikethoseother41．Soonwestartedtofileintothetheatre，anditwasverydisorganized．Therewasa42thegroupsandgetthemtotheirseats，43studentswereeverywhereand44reallyknewwheretogo．Myclass，observingourrule，walkedin45intwosingle-filelines．Westoodnearthedoorbehindeveryoneelse，andwe46．Allofasudden，theladywhowas47noticedusandshewalked48ourdirection．Sheaskedthestudents49theteacherwasforourgroup,andIraisedmy50．Sheasked,“Very,verynicetomeetyou．Comethisway．”Wewereledintothetheatre，51，andweweregivenfront-rowseats．Sometimes52forothersmaynotseemlikeitisgoingtohaveaneffect，especiallywhenyou53noonearoundwhoistakingmannersinto54．However，thatisusuallythetimewhensuch55actionswillbemostappreciatedandrecognized．36．A．leads B．a(chǎn)pplies C．turns D．belongs37．A．play B．lady C．teacher D．exhibition38．A．sortedout B．settleddown C．turnedaway D．linedup39．A．behaving B．listening C．concentrating D．watching40．A．order B．contact C．watch D．time41．A．places B．seats C．classes D．teachers42．A．scold B．dismiss C．a(chǎn)ttract D．organize43．A．a(chǎn)nd B．but C．so D．while44．A．a(chǎn)nyone B．nobody C．everyone D．somebody45．A．a(chǎn)nxiously B．immediately C．quietly D．hurriedly46．A．passed B．chatted C．rushed D．waited47．A．introuble B．onguard C．incharge D．onbusiness48．A．in B．to C．for D．under49．A．how B．where C．what D．whether50．A．voice B．a(chǎn)rm C．head D．hand51．A．finally B．somehow C．first D．instead52．A．respect B．love C．concern D．support53．A．receive B．visit C．recognize D．meet54．A．practice B．effect C．a(chǎn)ccount D．operation55．A．urgent B．kind C．legal D．firm【參考答案】36.B 37.A 38.D 39.A 40.A41.C 42.D 43.B 44.B 45.C 46.D 47.C 48.A 49.B 50.D51.C 52.A 53.D 54.C 55.B 【閱讀理解】Skepticsareastrangelot.Someofthemrefusetoadmittheseriousthreatofhumanactivitiestotheenviroment,andtheyaretiredofpeoplewhodisagreewiththem.Thosepeople，sayskeptics，spreadnothingbutbadnewsabouttheenvironment.The“eco-guilt”broughtonbythediscouragingnewsaboutourplanetgivesrisetothepopularityofskepticsaspeoplesearchformorecomfortingworldviews.PerhapsthatexplainswhyanewbookbyBjornLomborgreceivedsomuchpublicity.Thatbook，TheSkepticalEnvironmentalist,declaresthatitmeasuresthe“realstateoftheworld”asfine.Ofcourse，anotherexplanationisthedeeppocketsofsomebigbusinesseswithspecialinterests.Indeed,Mr.Lomborg'sviewsaresimilartothoseofsomeindustry-fundedorganizations,whichstarthugeactivitiesthroughthemediatoconfusethepublicaboutissueslikeglobalwarming.SoitwasstrangetoseeMr.Lomborg'sbookgolargelyunchallengedinthemediathoughhisbeliefswerecontrarytomostscientificopinions.OnenationalnewspaperinCanadarananumberofarticlesandreviewsfullofwordsofpraise,evenwiththeconclusionthat“AfterLomborg,theenvironmentalmovementwillbegintodiedown.”Suchone-sidedviewsshouldhaveimmediatelybeenchallenged.ButonlyadifferentreviewappearedinNature,arespectedsciencemagazinewithspecificreadership.ThereviewremarkedthatMr.Lomborg's“preferenceforunexaminedmaterialsisincredible(不行信的)”．Acritical(批判的)eyeisvaluable,andthemediashouldpresentinformationinsuchawaythatcouldallowpeopletomakeinformeddecisions.Unfortunately,thatisofteninaccessibleasblockedbythedesiretobeshockingortodefendsomespecialinterests.Peoplemightbecomehalf-blindbeforeaworldpartiallyexhibitedbythemedia.That'sashame,becausemattersconcerningthehealthoftheplanetarefartooimportanttobetreatedlightly.本文敘述了懷疑論者不承認(rèn)人類活動對環(huán)境造成的危脅，認(rèn)為地球狀況是良好的，這迎合了一些追求利益的商業(yè)公司。但是關(guān)系地球健康的問題是相當(dāng)重要的，人們確定要嚴(yán)峻?對待。1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingmayberegardedas“skeptics”？A.Peoplewhoagreeonthepopularityof“eco-guilt”．B.Peoplewhodisbelievetheserioussituationofourplanet.C.Peoplewhodisliketheharmfuleffectofhumanactivities.D.Peoplewhospreadcomfortingnewstoprotectourenvironment.答案：B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)短文第一段可知，懷疑論者不承認(rèn)人類活動對環(huán)境的影響。短文其次段其次句話中提到，他們認(rèn)為世界的真正狀態(tài)是好的，由此可知B項正確。2.WhichofthefollowingcanbeareasonforthepopularityofLomborg'sbook?A．Somebigbusinessesintendtoprotecttheirowninterests.B．Thebookchallengesviewsaboutthefinestateoftheworld.C．Theauthorconvincespeopletoseekcomfortingworldviews.D．Industry-fundedmediapresentconfusinginformation.答案：A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)短文其次段最終一句話可知Lomborg的觀點與一些由工業(yè)資助的組織的觀點是相像的。因此可知這些大的組織為了自己的利益也不會留意環(huán)保。3.TheauthormentionedthereviewinNatureinorderto______.A.voiceadifferentopinion B.findfaultwithLomborg'sbookC.challengetheauthorityofthemedia D.pointoutthevalueofscientificviews答案：A。推理推斷題。第三段提到加拿大的一家報紙對Lomborg的書大加贊揚，第四段又提到這片面的觀點應(yīng)當(dāng)受到挑戰(zhàn)，然后說“Nature”雜志上就有不同的評論。由此可知A項正確。4.Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Toencouragetheskepticstohaveacriticaleye.B.Towarnthepublicofthedangerofhalf-blindnesswithreviews.C.Toblamethemedia'slackofresponsibilityinpresentinginformation.D.Toshowtheimportanceofpresentingoverallinformationbythemedia.答案：D。作者意圖題。由短文最終一段其次句話可知，媒體應(yīng)當(dāng)供應(yīng)全方位的信息，讓人們在了解狀況的前提下做出打算。由此可知D項正確。閱讀理解。Businessesarewitnessingadifficulttime,whichhasinturnproducedinfluenceonconsumers’desiretogogreen.However,shoppersarestilllayingstressonenvironmentalconcerns.Twothirdsofcustomerssaythatenvironmentalconsiderationsinformtheirpurchasestothesamedegreeastheydidayearago,whilemorethanaquartersaythattheyarenowevenbetterawareoftheenvironmentaleffectonwhattheybuy.Thismayhelptoinfluencehowshopsstoregoodsontheirshelves.Andthecompaniesshouldstillmakeeffortstobecomemoreenvironmentallyfriendly.Twooutofthreepeoplethinkitisimportanttobuyfromenvironmentallyresponsiblecompanies,withaboutoneinsevensayingthattheyhadevendecidedtotaketheircustomelsewhereiftheyfeltacompany’senvironmentalreputationwasnotgoodenough.HarryMorrison,chiefexecutive（主管）oftheCarbonTrust,sympathizes：“Iunderstandthissituationwheresurvivalisveryimportantnow.Butfromenvironmentalconsiderations,theclockisticking—wedon’thavemuchtime.Inaddition,cuttingcarbonhasanimmediateeffectascostsdropandamedium-termbenefitforthebrand.”Largercompanieshaveanextramotivationtolookatreducingtheircarbonfootprint,asnewrulesnextyearwillrequirebusinessestobuycarbonallowancestomakeupfortheiremissions（排放）.Thosethathavetakenearlyactionwillhaveaheadstart.Morethantwothirdsofconsumersarenotclearaboutwhichcompaniesareenvironmentallyresponsible.Thissuggeststhatfirmsthatareabletorelayclearlytheirmessagetothepublicwillbeinapolepositiontoattractshoppers.TheCarbonTrustbelievesthatitcanhelpbyinformingcustomersaboutthegoodworkcompaniesaredoing.“Whencompaniesaregranted（授予）thestandard,theycanusealogo（標(biāo)識）inalltheirmarketingwhichmakesitclearthattheyareworkingtowardscuttingemissions,”Mr.Morrisonsaid.()1.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Businessesarefindingwaystosendtheirmessagetotheshoppers.B.Companieswillsoongetinformationaboutcuttingcarbonemissions.C.Firmsaremakingeffortstoencouragecustomerstokeepgoodsathome.D.Firmsareurgedtocutcarbonemissionsbyshoppers’environmentalawareness.()2.Theunderlinedword“inform”inParagraph2probablymeans“”.A.affectB.changeC.disturbD.reject()3.AccordingtoHarryMorrison,businesses.A.willbenefitfromcuttingcarbonemissionsB.shouldbuycarbonallowancesforshoppersC.arerequiredtomakeupfortheircarbonemissionsD.haveencouragedshopperstotaketheircustomelsewhere()4.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatbusinesseswill.A.haveastrongdesiretoreducecostsB.usethesamelogointheirmarketingC.gainadvantagesbytakingearlyactionD.attractmoreshoppersbystoringgoods【語篇解讀】本篇文章為說明文?，F(xiàn)在顧客購物已經(jīng)開頭考慮環(huán)保的問題。面臨顧客環(huán)保的心理需求，企業(yè)只有主動實行措施，削減排放，才會更好地贏得顧客的信任，進(jìn)而獲得更好的收益1、答案D?！窘馕觥恐髦即笠忸}。依據(jù)第一段最終一句“However,shoppersarestilllayingstressonenvironmentalconcerns”及最終一段第一句可知，企業(yè)因購買者的環(huán)保意識而去減排。故選D項。2、答案A?！窘馕觥吭~義猜想題。由本段中“whilemorethanaquartersaythattheyarenowevenbetterawareoftheenvironmentaleffectonwhattheybuy”可知，現(xiàn)在三分之二的顧客在購物時對環(huán)境的考慮比一年前程度加深了。因此A項符合句子意思3、答案A。解析】推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段最終一句“cuttingcarbonhasanimmediateeffectascostsdropandamedium-termbenefitforthebrand