2022河北省邢臺市高考英語暑假閱讀(6)及答案

閱讀理解。閱讀下列短文,從給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項?！?022·江西省九江市高三班級模擬考試】Manypeoplethinkofthebrainasamystery.Theydon’tknowmuchaboutintelligenceandhowitworks.Whentheydothinkaboutwhatintelligenceis，manypeoplebelievethatapersonisbornsmart，average，ordumb—andstaysthatwayinthewholelife.Butnewresearchshowsthatthebrainismorelikeamuscle—itchangesandgetsstrongerwhenyouuseit.Andscientistshavebeenabletoshowjusthowthebraingrowsandgetsstrongerwhenyoulearn.Everyoneknowsthatwhenyouliftweights，yourmusclesgetbiggerandyougetstronger.Apersonwhocan’tlift20poundswhenhe/shestartsexercisingcangetstrongenoughtolift100poundsafterworkingoutforalongtime.That’sbecausethemusclesbecomelargerandstrongerwithexercise.Andwhenyoustopexercising，themusclesshrinkandyougetweaker.That’swhypeoplesay“Useitorloseit！”Butmostpeopledon’tknowthatwhentheypracticeandlearnnewthings，partsoftheirbrainchangeandgetlargeralotlikemusclesdowhentheyexercise.Insidethecortex(皮層)ofthebrainarebillionsoftinynervecells，calledneurons.Thenervecellshavebranchesconnectingthemtoothercellsinacomplicatednetwork.Communicationbetweenthesebraincellsiswhatallowsustothinkandsolveproblems.Whenyoulearnnewthings，thesetinyconnectionsinthebrainactuallymultiplyandgetstronger.Themoreyouchallengeyourmindtolearn，themoreyourbraincellsgrow.Then，thingsthatyouoncefoundveryhardorevenimpossibletodo—likespeakingaforeignlanguageordoingalgebra(代數(shù))—seemtobecomeeasyafterlearningthemforaperiodoftime.Theresultisastronger，smarterbrain.Scientistsstartedthinkingthatthehumanbraincoulddevelopandchangewhentheystudiedanimals’brains.Theyfoundoutthatanimalsthatlivedinachallengingenvironmentweremore“perspicacious”—theywerebetteratsolvingproblemsandlearningnewthings.1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph，________.A．thefunctionofourbrainislikethatofthemuscleB．untilnowit’simpossibletoexplainthebrain’smysteryC．manypeoplebelieveone’sintelligenceisnaturallydeterminedD．one’sbraingrowsstrongerastheageincreases2．Trainingmusclesiscomparedto________.A．usingthebrainB．connectingthingsinyourbrainC．liftingweightsD．doingresearchaboutthebrain3．WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A．Thecomplexstructureofthebrain.B．Howchangesinthemusclesaffectthebrain.C．Theimportanceofthebrain.D．Howthebrainbecomesstrongerbylearningnewthings.4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“perspicacious”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A．Strong. B．Smart.C．Popular. D．Active.5．Thefollowingparagraphwillmostprobablytalkabout________.A．thedifferencesbetweenanimals’brainsandhumans’brainsB．therelationbetweenhumanbrainsandmusclesC．scientists’findingsaboutanimals’brainsD．howtomakeyourbrainsmarterthroughself-development語篇解讀科學(xué)爭辯發(fā)覺，經(jīng)常學(xué)習(xí)能促進(jìn)大腦的發(fā)育，正如經(jīng)常熬煉能使肌肉更強(qiáng)健一樣。1．解析：考查推理推斷。依據(jù)第一段中的“manypeoplebelievethatapersonisbornsmart，average，ordumb—andstaysthatwayinthewholelife.”可知C項正確。答案：C2．解析：考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)第一段中的“Butnewresearchshowsthatthebrainismorelikeamuscle—itchangesandgetsstrongerwhenyouuseit.”可知答案。答案：A3．解析：考查段落大意。本段具體描述了大腦如何通過練習(xí)和學(xué)習(xí)新事物而發(fā)生變化，從而變得更靈敏。答案：D4．解析：考查詞義猜想。依據(jù)破折號后面的“theywerebetteratslovingproblemsandlearningnewthings”可知，該詞應(yīng)為“敏銳的”之意。答案：B5．解析：考查推理推斷。最終一段提出科學(xué)家是從爭辯動物的大腦得出的結(jié)論，因此下一段最可能進(jìn)一步描述這些爭辯成果。答案：C.。閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。ROME:ThelegendofLeonardodaVinciiscoveredinmystery:Howdidhedie?AretheremainsburiedinaFrenchcastlereallythoseofthemaster?Wasthe"MonaLisa"aself-portraitindisguise(偽裝)?AgroupofItalianscientistsbelievethekeytosolvingthosepuzzleslieswiththeremains,andtheysaytheyareseekingpermissiontodigupthebodytoconductcarbonandDNAtesting.Iftheskullisundamaged,thescientistscangototheheartofaquestionthathasfascinatedscholarsandthepublicforcenturies:theidentityofthe"MonaLisa."RecreatingavirtualandthenphysicalreconstructionofLeonardo'sface,theycancompareitwiththesmilingfaceinthepainting."Wedon'tknowwhatwe'llfindifthetombisopened.Wecouldevenjustfindgrainsanddust,"saysGiorgioGruppioni,ananthropologistwhoisparticipatingintheproject."Butiftheremainsarewellkept,theyareabiologicalrecordofeventsinaperson'slife,andsometimesintheirdeath."SilvanoVinceti,theleaderofthegroup,saidthatheplanstopresshiscasewiththeFrenchofficialsinchargeofthesaidburialsiteatAmboiseLeonardomovedtoFranceattheinvitationofKingFrancisI,whonamedhim"firstpaintertotheking."Hespentthelastthreeyearsofhislifethere,anddiedin1519atage67.Theartist'soriginalburialplace,thepalacechurchof"TheAmboisetombisasymbolictomb;it'sabigquestionmark,"saidAlessandroVezzosi,thedirectorofamuseumdedicatedtoLeonardoinhishometownofVinci.Vezzosisaidthatinvestigatingthetombcouldhelpidentifytheartist'sboneswithcertaintyandsolveotherquestions,suchasthecauseofhisdeath.Hesaidheaskedtoopenthetombin2004tostudytheremains,buttheAmboiseCastleturnedhimdown.Thegroupof100expertsinvolvedintheproject,calledtheNationalCommitteeforHistoricalandArtisticHeritage,wascreatedin2003withtheaimof"solvingthegreatmysteriesofthepast,"saidVinceti,whohaswrittenbooksonartandliterature.Arguablytheworld'smostfamouspainting,the"MonaLisa"hangsintheLouvreinParis,whereitdrewsome8.5millionvisitorslastyear.Mysteryhassurroundedtheidentityofthepainting'ssubjectforcenturies,withopinionsrangingfromthewifeofaFlorentinemerchanttoLeonardo'sownmother.ThatLeonardointendedthe"MonaLisa"asaself-portraitindisguiseisapossibilitythathasinterestedanddividedscholars.Theorieshaveexisted:SomethinkthatLeonardo'stastefortricksandriddlesmighthaveledhimtohidehisownidentitybehindthatpuzzlingsmile;othershaveguessedthatthepaintinghidanandrogynouslover.Ifgrantedaccesstothegravesite,theItalianexpertsplantouseatinycameraandradartoconfirmthepresenceofbones.Thescientistswouldthenexhume(挖掘)theremainsandattempttodatetheboneswithcarbontesting.AttheheartoftheproposedstudyistheefforttodiscoverwhethertheremainsareactuallyLeonardo's,includingwithDNAtesting.Ks*5uVezzosiquestionstheDNAcomparison,sayingheisunawareofanydirectdescendants(后代)ofLeonardooroftombsthatcouldbeattributedwithcertaintytotheartist'scloserelatives.GruppionisaidthatDNAfromthebonescouldalsoeventuallybecomparedtoDNAfoundelsewhere.Forexample,Leonardoisthoughttohaverubbedcolorsonthecanvaswithhisthumb,possiblyusingsaliva(唾液),meaningDNAmightbefoundonhispaintings.EvenintheabsenceofDNAtesting,othertestscouldprovideusefulinformation,includingwhetherthebonesbelongedtoamanorawoman,andwhetherthepersondiedyoungorold.Evenwithinthecommittee,expertsaredividedovertheidentityofthe"MonaLisa."Vincetibelievesthatatraditionofconsideringtheself-portraittobenotjustafaithfulimitationofone'sfeaturesbutarepresentationofone'sspiritualidentitymayhaveresonated(共鳴)withLeonardo.Vezzosi,themuseumdirector,dismissedas"baselessandsenseless"theideathatthe"MonaLisa"couldbeaself-portraitofLeonardo.Hesaidmostresearchersbelievethewomanmayhavebeeneitherawifeoftheartist'ssponsor,theFlorentinenoblemanGiulianodeMedici,orLisaGherardini,thewifeofarichsilkmerchant,FrancescodelGiocondo.Thetraditionalviewisthatthename"MonaLisa"comesfromthesilkmerchant'swife,aswellasitsItalianname:"LaGioconda."50．Whydoestheauthoraskacoupleofquestionsinthebeginning? A．Toarousetheinterestofreaders. B．TopuzzleItalianscientists. C．Toanswerthequestionshimself. D．TomakefunofFrenchofficials.51．Thebesttitleofthisstorymightbe“_____”. A．WhatIsthePurposeofanInvestigation? B．HowDidLeonardodaVinciDieinFrance? C．AretheRemainsReallyThoseoftheMaster? D．DidLeonardoPaintHimselfas'MonaLisa'?52．Thesentence“heplanstopresshiscasewiththeFrenchofficials”(underlinedinParagraph4)suggeststhatVincetiintendsto_____. A．presstheFrenchofficialstoparticipateintheirproject B．urgetheFrenchofficialstoopenthetombearlynextweek C．persuadetheFrenchofficialstoallowopeningthetomb D．recordeventsinaperson’slifewiththeFrenchofficials53．Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage? A．ScholarshavethesameopiniononDNAtesting. B．ScientistsdoubtiftheremainsarethoseofdaVinci. C．Theidentityof“MonaLisa”hasalreadybeenproved. D．AlessandroVezzosigotpermissiontoopenthetomb.54．Wecaninferfromthelasttwoparagraphsthat_____? A．“MonaLisa”isthenameofthewifeofasilkmerchant B．the“MonaLisa”isaself-portraitofLeonardodaVinci C．expertsdividedthecommitteeintoseveralgroups D．opinionsdifferoftheidentityofthe“MonaLisa”【答案】題號41424344456647484950答案ADBBBADDAA題號51525354555657585960答案DCBDBBCDAD【2022四川省資陽市第一次診斷性考試】短文改錯（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）請你改正下面短文中的錯誤。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。留意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。DearEditor,IusedtobeahappylittlegirlandnowI’mshyandsayafewwords.WhenIwaseleven,Ilostoneofthefrontteethanditreplacedbyafalseone.Nooneknowsaboutitexcepttwoofmyfriend.However,Ifoundithardtofacethembecausetheyknowmysecret.WhenIspeakatthem,theyoftenstareatmymouth,whatmakesmefeeluneasy.IamafraidofmakenewfriendsasIthinktheywilllaughatme.SometimeIevenwanttokillmeindeed.WhatshouldIdo?LiHua【參考答案】DearEditor,IusedtobeahappylittlegirlandnowI’mshyandsayafewwords.butWhenIwaseleven,Ilostoneofthefrontteethandit∧replacedbyafalseone.Noonewasknowsaboutitexcepttwoofmyfriend.However,Ifoundithardtofacethembecausetheyfriendsfindknowmysecret.WhenIspeakatthem,theyoftenstareatmymouth,whatmakesmefeeltowhichuneasy.IamafraidofmakenewfriendsasIthinktheywilllaughatme.SometimeIevenwantmakingSometimestokillmeindeed.WhatshouldIdo?myself二、評分意見1.未標(biāo)注符號或符號標(biāo)注不規(guī)范一律不給分。2.答題位置（需修改的詞下方或需添加位置的下方）不對（如答在上方或相距甚遠(yuǎn)的位置）一律不給分。【2022浙江省寧波市八校聯(lián)考】短文改錯（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）下面短文中有10處語言錯誤。請在有錯誤的地方增加、刪除或修改某個單詞。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（∧），并在其下面寫上該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（＼）劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫上修改后的詞。留意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞;2.只允許修改10處,多者(從第11處起)不計分。例如：Itwasverynicetogetyourinvitationtospend∧weekendwithyou.LuckilyIthewascompletelyfreethen,soI’lltosay“yes”.I’llarriveinBristolataround8pminFriday.amonNowadays，peopleinmanybigcitiesarecomplainingtheheavytraffic.Ithasseriousinfluencedpeopledailylifeandeconomicdevelopment.Tosolvethepr