第08講-必修一Unit2-詞匯和閱讀-(外研版2019必修第一冊)(原卷版)

第08講Unit2ExploringEnglish（詞匯與閱讀）【學習目標】提前預(yù)習新外研版必修一Unit2的重點詞匯和閱讀掌握中高考閱讀理解區(qū)別和題型解題技巧掌握常見三種構(gòu)詞法【基礎(chǔ)知識】一．重點詞匯學習1.seasickadj.2.sculptvt.3.titlen.4.behaviorn.5.confusev.6.alarmn.7.uniqueadj.8.creativityn.9.windup10.comeacross11.belikelytodo12.entrancen.13.contactv.14.remindv.15.additionn.16.resourcen.17.commentn.18.bootn.19.說話困難20.intendv.21.beawareof22.sectionn.23.organizationn.24.typen.25.contextn.26.recognizevt.27.oddadj..28.bebasedon29.recognizev.30.wickedadj.31.beopposedto32.burndown33.ratherthan34.beunfamiliarwith35.beconfusedabout36.actually=重點詞匯答案：見教材詞匯表重點詞匯解析考點一：Opposite(prep):在...對面(adv):在對面(adj):對面的，相反的；(n):對立面，對立的人/物Opposing(定語adj)opposed（表語adj）Oppose(v):反對，抵制Opposition反對，反抗opposedoing/sth:=beopposedtosthAsopposedtosth:與某事物相反，而非某事物Justtheopposite.:正好相反例1．【單句填空】1.Wethinkhighlyoftheteamwesupport,whilewemayaddnegativecommentsaboutanteam.2.(樂山市調(diào)研)Finally，thepairovercametheirparents’________andwereallowedtomarry.3.(江蘇無錫期中)Noteverybodyagreetotheplan.Somesupportit,whileIamoneofthosewhoaretoit.4.Thetwinshaveattitudestowardslife.Thus,oneislivinghappilyandtheotherisjustthe.5.結(jié)果令人非常不滿意，和我們所期望的恰恰相反。Theresultwasratherunsatisfactory,whatwehadexpected.當時，大多數(shù)村民反對在村莊附近建一個化工廠。Atthattime,mostvillagersachemicalplantneartheirvillage.我們都希望老師多給我們點時間，但事實正好相反。Wehadallexpectedourteacherwouldgiveusmoretime,butthefactwas.考點二：Behaviour(un):行為，舉止；表現(xiàn)方式behave(v):表現(xiàn)，表現(xiàn)得體，有禮貌Well-behaved表現(xiàn)好的behavewell/badlybehaveoneself:守規(guī)矩，行為檢點例2．【單句填空】(廣東期末)MycousinJimdidn’tbehave(he)atthepartyandthusleftabadimpressionontheguests.Theboy(behave)wellatthebanquet(宴會)andeveryonepraisedhisproper.(behave)Asateacher,youshouldn’tlookdownuponthosestudentswhobehave(bad)inschool.Whatyoushoulddoishelpandlovethem.湯姆因在課堂上的惡劣行為被懲罰了?？键c三：Confusing(adj):令人困惑的，難以理解的，不清楚的Confuse(v):使迷惑，使糊涂；混淆Confusion困惑confuseAwith/andBconfusesbBeconfusedabout...Inconfusion:困惑地，困窘地辨析Bewilder(v):使困惑，使茫然，通常表現(xiàn)為心理和智力紊亂Puzzle(v):使迷惑，強調(diào)不理解或解決不了(n):puzzlementConfuse(v):一般用語；強調(diào)因混淆使人產(chǎn)生混亂Embarrass(v):使困窘，尷尬Perplex(v):使雜亂，疑慮，使不安eg.Thenewtaxlawsperplexme.例3．【單句填空】Wecanconcludefromhislookthatthisproblemreallyhim.(confuse)Becarefulnottoconfuse”abroad”“aboard”.Thetwowordsareverysimilar.Helookedatmein(confuse)anddidnotanswerthequestion.Whenyouareconfusedsomewordsinreading,youcanreferthedictionary.考點四：Alarm(un):驚恐，驚慌(cn):警報器，警報。鬧鐘=alarmclock（v）：使擔心，使害怕，使驚恐Alarming(adj):使人驚恐的，令人驚謊的,令人擔憂的Alarmed害怕的Be/feelalarmedat/bysth:Bealarmedtosee/hear......Inalarm:驚慌地Raise/soundthealarm:發(fā)出警報Afire/smokealarm:防火/煙霧警報器Analarmsystem:報警系統(tǒng)例4．【單句填空】Therainforestsaredisappearingatan(alarm)rate,whichshouldarouse(引起)thegovernment’sattention.Hearingaloudnoiseoutsidehisdoor,hejumpedupalarm.People(因...感到擔心)aseriesofcampusfiresinrecentyears.Ineachoftheseaccidents,manydeathswerereported.Besureto(發(fā)起警報)whenyouseeabuildinginonfire.Heturnedoffthealarmclockandwentbacktosleepagain.(翻譯)考點五：reflectReflectsb./sthinsth:在...里映出.....Bereflectedin....：被映照在...,被反映在....Reflecton/upon....：認真思考......Inreflection:例5．【單句填空】Ourschoolmotto(reflect)theimportanceweplaceongoodmannershardwordandsuccess.Thelakeiscalmandclear,andoneofthethingsthatarereflectedthewateristhefamoustower.Ithinkyoushouldstopforamomentandreflectyoursuccessandfailure.（河南信陽?？迹￤hatonecultureconsidersaconfusingorawkwardpausemaybeseenbyothersasavaluablemomentof(reflect)andasignofrespectforwhatthelastspeakerhassaid.考點六：Add...to...:把...加到...里(addedto...:后置定語)Addto:增加，增添=increase(賓語常為抽象名詞）--decreaseAddsthup=addupsth:把...添加起來Addupto:總共是，總計為=cometoAddthat...增加說到，，，Add(v)-(n)addition:加，增加；附屬--(adj):additional:額外的inaddition=besidesInadditionto......例6．【單句填空】By2020,ChinesewillbeaddedthelistoflanguagesinIreland’snationalexams.Ifyouaddthosefourfigures,itcomestoover$500.Applyingtofourcompaniesforaposteverymonth,asfarasIknow,hasaddedthechancesofmybrother’sbeingemployed.Heexplainedthetaskwefacedand（補充說）thatallthemoneywecollectedsofaronly（總共是）halfofwhatweneededandthecomingcoldweatherwoulddefinitely（肯定）（增加）ourdifficulty.考點七：Beincontact/touchwith...:與...有聯(lián)系Beoutofcontact/touchwith...Keepincontact/touchwith...Losecontact/touchwithHave/makecontactwith...:與...取得聯(lián)系例7．【單句填空】Contact1.Weourformerneighboursaftertheymoved.(失去了聯(lián)系)2.Ifeelstronglythatreadingdoesuslotsofgood.Itcan(broad)ourhorizonsandmakeusmoreintelligent.3.Somenarrowstreetshavebeen(broaden)sofar,sotherearefewertrafficjams.考點八：remind----reminderRemindsbofsth:使某人想起某事Remindsbaboutsth:提醒某人某事Remindsb(not)todosthRemindsbthat....:提醒某人......例8．【單句填空】Heremindedme(turn)offthelightswhenIgoout.ItremindsmemydayswhenIjoinedinthemilitarytrainingafterIenteredtheseniorhighschool.Thecoldservedasa(remind)thatwinterwasn’tquitefinished.老師經(jīng)常提醒我在考試中要保持冷靜。考點九：Makecomments/acommenton/about...:對...發(fā)表評論Commenton/upon...:對...進行評論Commentthat...:評論說...Nocomment:無可奉告例9．【單句填空】（山西晉中期末）WhenI’mtiredofwordingonthestories,IcangoonlineandfindmyreaderscommentingmystoriesortellingmewhenImakemistakes.（北京朝陽期末）Wethinkhighlyoftheteamwesupport,whilewemayaddnegativecommentsanopposingteam.他評論說這部電影值得一看。文學界的所有人都對他的新詩做了評論。(literarycircles)考點11：Intendtodosth/doingsthIntendsbtodosthBeintendedfor...=bemeantfor...:專門為...而設(shè)計的/專供...使用的例11．【單句填空】YesterdayIfoundabookinthebookstorechancewhichwasintendedbirdlovers.ThisisthewebsitewhichIintend(add)tomyfavouritestohelpmelearnhowtowritepoems.Mostdriverstodayusegesturestoshowtheir(intend).Theywaveacardown,ornodatpassers-byandcycliststoletthemcross.考點12：Comeacross:偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)，偶遇；給人的印象是；被理解Comeabout:發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生Comeupwith:提出Comeon:快點；來吧；開始；進步；得了吧Comeout:出來；被出版；開花Cometo:被想到，合計，得出，作出，達成（協(xié)議）Comeup:走近；上來；出現(xiàn)，呈現(xiàn)；被提到，被提出；發(fā)芽；Whenitcomesto...:一談到........;就...而論例12．【單句填空】Hehisoldfriendonthestreetyesterday.（偶遇）Whatinhislaterpoetryisagreatsenseofsadness.（給人的印象是...）Hekepttalkingforalongtimebuthisideadidnotreallyintheend.(被理解）Mostofusknowweshouldcutdownonfat.Butknowingsuchthingsisn’tofmuchhelpshoppingandeating.（一談到）【真題演練】Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Theseworkersstruggledbetterworkingconditions.2．Igotupandwalked(calm)outintotheearlyevening.3．Theaccident(concern)withthebusdriver.4．Hehadtocontinuetolearnsomethingtoequiphimselfthestressoflosingajob.5．Thelawyerwassokindthathearguedthepoorman.6．Heis(anxious)waitingfortheresultofthemedicaltests.7．Theincidenthasfurtherincreasedthe(tense)betweenthetwocountries.8．Forsuchayoungman，itisreallyavery(stress)job.9．Thepresident(shoot)intheheadanddiedonthespot.10．Theprogrammeistargetedat(improve)thehealthofwomenofallages.Ⅱ.短語填空seeeyetoeyewithsb.(onsth.)；shootup；keepthepeace；calmdown；fromone'spointofview；thinksth.through；backdown；ontheotherhand1．Atlastthewildwind．2．IwishIcouldbringyoutoseethesituation．3．Youmustalwaysaproblembeforeacting.4．Facedwithourevidence，theothersidehadto．5．Ontheonehand，thisjobdoesn'tpayverymuch，butIcan'tgetanotherone.6．Weeachotherthis.7．Thatboysincewelastsawhim.8．Thepeace-keepingtroopstrytoofthatplace.hasshotup8.keepthepeaceof【過關(guān)檢測】ABookscan'tstopaglobalpandemic.But，forashortwhile，theycanletusforgettheworldaroundusandtransportustodifferentplaces，allowingustotravelinspirit.Herearesomepicksforthismonth：RohintonMistry：AFineBalanceMistry'snovelfocusesonthelivesoffourcentralcharacterswhoselivesareonadownwardspiral，frompovertytooutrightdestitutionand，ultimately，death.MistrydoesnotwhitewashtherealityofurbanpovertyinIndia.Butasreaders，webecomeabsorbedinhischaractersliveswehopewiththem，wefearforthemand，attheend，wecryforthem.ElenaFerrante：MyBrilliantFriendElenaFerrante'snovelstakeusstraighttotheItaliancityofNapoliStartingwithMyBrilliantFriend，thefournovelscharttheintensiverelationshipbetweentwogirl，ElenaGreco(Lenù)andRaffaellaCerullo(Lila)whogrowupinapoorneighborhoodinthe1950s.ReadingFerrante'sdescriptioncallsforthimagesofNapoliandmakesusfeellikewearestandinginthePiazzadelPlebiscito.Wecanfeel，hearandsmellNapoliaroundus.PatrickModiano：TheSearchWarrantTheSearchWarrantpiecestogetherthereal-lifestoryofDoraBruder，ayoungJewishgirlwhowentmissinginParisinDecember1941.ModianoattemptstoretraceDora'smovementsacrossParisandhisbookisfullofevocativedescriptionsofquietsquaresandstreets.BytracingDora'spossiblesteps，ModianoevocativelyrecreatesthetwilightatmosphereofParisunderoccupation.KazuoIshiguro：TheRemainsoftheDayTheRemainsoftheDaytellsthestoryofStevens，theagedbutlerofDarlingtonHall，andhisilljudgedlifechoicesthatsawhimbeinginvolvedwithBritishfascismintheinterwaryears.ThisallusiontoBritishfascisminparticularissomethingthatmakesthisnovelstandout；itisasubjectmatternotoftendiscussedoreventaught.1．WhichbookissetinIndia?A．AFineBalance.B．MyBrilliantFriend.C．TheSearchWarrant.D．TheRemainsoftheDay.2．WhatdoMyBrilliantFriendandTheSearchWarranthaveincommon?A．Bothnovelstellreallifestories.B．BothnovelstakeplaceinItaly.C．Botharerelatedtointerpersonalrelationship.D．Bothgiveavividdescriptionofthesurroundings.3．WhatisspecialaboutTheRemainsoftheDay?A．Itsmovingstory.B．Itsmiserablecharacter.C．Itsrarelymentionedsubject.D．Itsskillfultechniquesofdescription.BForthebraveinthearmedforces，beingsentawayfromhomeformonthsatatimeisjustpartoftheduty.However，it'sneveraneasyonetoperformespeciallyforthosewithchildren.SowhenIfoundoutIwasgoingtobestationedinSouthKoreaforayear，Iwasnervousabouthowmyfivechildren，particularlymyeldestdaughterAbigail，wouldtakethenewssinceitmeantIwouldn'tbehometoseehergraduatefromhighschool.Incredibly，AbigailtoldmenottoworryandevensuggestedwelivestreamtheeventamongfamilymemberswhenIleakedthenews.“We'vebeenluckyyouhaven'thadtobesentabroadyet.AnywaywecangetconnectedthroughtheInternet.Seemeonyourphoneonmyspot，”Abigailsaid.ShesteppedintomanyofmyroleswhenIwasgone.IwantedtofindawaytothankherandshowherhowproudIwasofher.IstartedplanningthespecialsurprisewhenmyrequesttoreturnhomeafewweeksearlytoattendAbigail'sgraduationceremonywasapproved.WhenmytimeinSouthKoreafinallycametoanend，Iflewhome，rentedacar，andstayedinahotel.AndonAbigail'sgraduationday，IhidinanofficebehindthestagewaitinguntilIheardmydaughter'snamecalled.Ijustkeptthinking“Don'tcry.Don'ttripinyourheels.Don'tfallover.”Atlast！Abigailwasuponstage.Islippedupbehindher，whisperedinherear，andaroundsheturned！“Iwasjustthinking，like，‘Youaren'tsupposedtobehere.What？What？How？’Itwasthebiggestshock...I'mprettysuremydadmadepeoplehedidn'tevenknowcry.Emotionalforeveryone，”Abigailcried.Youknowwhatfollowed：embraces，kisses，tears，laughs，flowers，wishes...；aren'tthesewhatafamilyhasinstore?4．Whatworriedtheauthormost?A．HisdutyinSouthKorea.B．Hisfivechildren'ssafety.C．Hiseldestdaughter'sstudy.D．Hisabsencefromabigevent.5．Whatistheprobablemeaningoftheunderlinedphrase“l(fā)ivestream”？A．Plan. B．Celebrate.C．Prepare. D．Broadcast.6．HowdidAbigailfeelwhenmeetingherfather?A．Embarrassed. B．Overjoyed.C．Nervous. D．Satisfied.7．Whatdoestheauthormainlyintendtoexpressbytellingthestory?A．Asoldier'spersonalsacrifice.B．Afather'sloveforhisfamily.C．Themeaningoffamilybond.D．Thewaytoplanabigsurprise.COnFebruary6，2020，AmericanastronautChristinaKocharrivedbackonEarthafter328daysinspace.Hertimeinspaceisjustoneoftherecordssetbyherself.That'sthelongestspaceflightevermadebyawoman，andjustoneofthemanythingsMs.Kochachievedinspace.Ms.KochtookofffromEarthfortheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)onMarch12，2019.Whileinspace，shemade5，248tripsaroundtheEarth，travelling2，237millionkilometres，whichisroughlythesameas291tripstotheMoonandback.Duringher11monthsontheISS，Ms.Kochtookpartinsixspacewalks，spendingover42hoursinalloutsidethestation.InOctoberof2019，Ms.Kochledthefirsteverall-femalespacewalkwithJessicaMeir.Butformostastronauts，spacetravelisn'taboutsettingrecords.It'saboutdoingscience.Ms.Kochtookpartinawidevarietyofspecialexperiments，includingstudyinghowcrystals(晶體)growinspace，howatoms(原子)behaveinextremecoldandlearningmoreaboutgrowingplantsinlowgravity.Growingplantsinspacecouldbeanimportantwaytoprovidefoodonfuturetrips.Shealsotestedanewwayofseparatingliquidsfromgases.Thisexperimentcouldleadtosimplemethodsofcleaningwaterandairinspace，whichcouldbeveryimportantforfuturespacetravel.Ms.Kochisn'tjustascientistandanastronaut.Sheisalsobeingstudied.She'spartofaNASAprogramstudyinghowastronautsareaffectedbybeinginspaceforlongperiodsoftime.Hertripwasonly12daysshorterthantheAmericanrecordsetbyScottKellyin2016.AstheydidwithMr.Kelly，NASAscientistsarelookingcarefullyatwaysMs.Koch'sbodyhasbeenaffectedbyhertimeinspace.ThatresearchisimportantforthelongerspacetripsNASAhopestomakeinthefuture，suchasforabaseonthemoonoratriptoMars.8．WhichofthefollowingisanachievementMs.Kochhasmade?A．Makingthelongestspaceflightbyherself.B．Leadingthefirstwomen-onlyspacewalk.C．Cleaningwaterandairsuccessfullyinspace.D．StayingoutsidetheISScontinuouslyfor42hours.9．WhatdoestheauthorwanttotelluswithsomanydetailedfiguresinParagraph2?A．Kochmadehistoricbreakthroughsinspace.B．Kochwentthroughalife-threateningspacetrip.C．Kochcompletedadmirabletasksinthespacetravel.D．KochisthemostexperiencedastronautinNASA.10．Whichstatementagreeswiththetext?A．Astronautsarecompetingtosetnewrecords.B．Koch'steamproducedtheirownfoodinspace.C．NASAhasfoundedascientificbaseonthemoon.D．Koch'sresearchissignificantforspaceexploration.11．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Record-SettingAstronautKochReturnstoEarthB．USAstronautsCarriedoutExperimentsinSpaceC．SpacewalksHaveSuccessfullyBeenDoneontheISSD．NASAIsStudyingAstronautsforLongerSpaceTripsDItissaidthatmanybraintrainingproductsisabletokeepusmentallyfit.Someproductsevenclaimthatbraintrainingcanpreventdementia(癡呆)inoldage.Manysuchproductsareonlymoney-makingrubbish.Also，thereisnoscientificproofthatgamesorotherbrainexercisescanhavethiseffect.ThatiswhattheGermanInstituteforQualityandEfficiencyinHealthCare(IQWiG)pointedout.Aswegetolder，ourthinkinggetssloweranditisharderforustolearnnewthings.Manypeopletrytostaymentallyfitby，forexample，learninganewlanguageordoingcrosswordpuzzles.Computergamesthataimtokeepthebrainactivearealsobecomingincreasinglypopular.“Doingexercisesliketryingtofindsymbolsonacomputerscreenasfastaspossiblecanactuallyimproveyourreactiontime，”explainsProfessorPeterSawicki，theInstitute'sDirector.“Butscientificstudieshaveshownthatbraintrainingonlyleadstoanimprovementinoneaspectthatitisaimedat.Soifyoulearntofindsymbolsquickly，itdoesnotmeanthatyouwillbeabletoimproveyourmemory.”Researchhasnotshownthatbraintrainingcankeepuporenhance(加強)people'soverall(全面的)mentalabilitiesascommonlythought.“Sothereisnoneedtofeelbadifyoudonotenjoybraintraining：therearenohealthreasonsfordoingit，”saysSawicki.“Butifyouthinkbraintrainingexercisesareinteresting，youcantryoutdifferentthings.Forexample，completingtheorderofletterscanimproveyourlogicskills.Andpracticingwordassociationtechniquescanhelpyoutorememberthingsbetter.Youcandoallofthesethingsathomeonyourown.”12．Whatcanwelearnaboutthebraintrainingproductsaccordingtothepassage?A．Theyareexpensive.B．Theyareeffective.C．Theyareharmfultothebrain.D．Theyareunreliable.13．AccordingtoPeterSawicki，braintrainingexercisescan．A．onlyimproveacertainabilityofpeopleB．helpallpeopleimprovetheirmemoryC．keepthebrainactiveforalongertimeD．onlyimproveyourreactiontime14．Thelastparagraphshowsthatbraintrainingexercisesshouldbedone．A．whenyoucan'tlearnnewthingsB．inarelaxingwayC．understrictinstructionsD．whenyourthinkinggetsmuchslower15．Onthewhole，researchersthinkthatbraintrainingexercises．A．a(chǎn)ren'taseffectiveascommonlythoughtB．a(chǎn)rejustdesignedforyoungpeopletohavefunC．maybenefitpeopleinsomeindirectwaysD．shouldn'tbeencouragedⅡ.閱讀七選五(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，選項中有兩項為多余選項。HowtoStayOutofTroubleSometimesitmayseemlikeyou'realwaysgettingintotroublewithyourteachersoryourparents.16Thebestthingtodoistostoptroublebeforeitstarts.It'salwayspossibletoturnoveranewleaf.17Joiningasportsteamisagreatwaytostayoutoftrouble.Whetheryou'replayingsoccerorbaseball，teamsportsareagreatwaytofindsomethingtodoratherthangetintotrouble.Joinaclub.Ifsportsaren'tyourthing，youcanalwaysjoinaclub.Youcanjoinanartclub，chessclub，F(xiàn)renchclub，cookingclubandsoon.18Therefore，youwon'thavetimetoannoyyourteachersorparents.Govolunteering.19Ifyou'retooyoungtodoitonyourown，gowithaparenttoavolunteeringevent.Youcanhelppeoplelearntoread，cleanupalocalpark，orworkinasoupkitchen.Findsomethingthatismeaningfultoyouandcommittoitatleastonceaweek.Readasmuchasyoucan.Readingcanhelpyouimproveyourvocabularyandcomprehensionskills.20Gettingtrulyinterestedinstoriescanhelpyouforgetthehourspassingby.Readingforjust20minutesbeforebedtimeeverynightcanhelpyoudevelopanaddictinglifelonghabit.A．Joinasportsteam.B．Playsoccerorbaseball.C．Thenyoucanhaveagoodtimewithyourfriends.D．Volunteeringisanothergreatwaytostayoutoftrouble.E．Theseclubscanhelpyoufocusonsomethingyoucareabout.F．What'smore，ifyou'rereading，thenyou'renotgettingintotrouble.G．Andnomatterwhatyoudo，youjustcan'tseemtogetthingsright.Ⅲ.完形填空(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。LesBrownisoneoftheworld'sgreatestspeakers.Heisalsoathoughtleaderonself-improvementand21.However，Lesfounditdifficulttolearnknowledgewhenhewasa22．Duringhisschooldays，hewasthoughtas“23tolearnwell”bytheteachersandplaced24from6thgradeto5thgrade.Tomakethingsworse，hehadatwinbrotherwhowasratherbrightand25，soLeswas26byhisclassmates.Onedayateacheraskedhimto27aproblemontheblackboard，butLes28andsaidthathecouldn't.“Ofcourseyoucan，”theteacherreplied29．“Youngman，comehereandsolvethisproblemforme.”“ButIcan't，”30