全國用高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)與增分策略專題一閱讀理解第一節(jié)六大解題技巧講義

第一節(jié)六大解題技巧專題一閱讀理解欄目索引一、關(guān)鍵信息定位法二、關(guān)鍵詞法三、題段一致法五、掃讀法六、位置特征法四、釋義法(2017·全國Ⅰ，A片段)

VisitPacificScienceCenter’sStoreDon’tforgettostopbyPacificScienceCenter’sStorewhileyouareheretopickupawonderfulscienceactivityorsouvenirtorememberyourvisit.Thestoreislocated(位于)upstairsinBuilding3rightnexttotheLaserDome.一、關(guān)鍵信息定位法

典例121.WherecanyoubuyasouveniratPacificScienceCenter?A.InBuilding1.

B.InBuilding3.C.AttheLaserDome.

D.AttheDennyWayentrance.解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。首先根據(jù)題干中的“souvenir”

可將答案鎖定在VisitPacificScienceCenter’sStore這一部分；再根據(jù)本段中的“Thestoreislocated(位于)upstairsinBuilding3rightnexttotheLaserDome.”可知PacificScienceCenter的購物點(diǎn)在LaserDome旁邊的3號樓上，故選B。

√答案解析點(diǎn)津解答這類題時(shí)，一個常用的方法就是根據(jù)題干或選項(xiàng)中的線索詞從原文中找到相關(guān)的句子。如該句中出現(xiàn)了but，however，yet，while等表轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語及inaddition，furthermore，besides，moreover，what’smore，mostofall，mostimportantly，especially等表遞進(jìn)的詞語，后面往往為關(guān)鍵信息，是正確答案。但要與選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行比較，最終確定答案。該方法運(yùn)用的前提是在題干中找到定位關(guān)鍵詞。該方法多用于細(xì)節(jié)理解題。

牛刀小試1(2016·全國Ⅰ，A片段)RosaParks(1913—2005)OnDecember1,1955，inMontgomery，Alabama，RosaParkswouldnotgiveupherseatonabustoawhitepassenger.HersimpleactlandedParksinprison.ButitalsosetofftheMontgomerybusboycott.Itlastedformorethanayear，andkickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement.“TheonlytiredIwas，wastiredofgivingin，”saidParks.解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。首先根據(jù)題干中的“civil-rights”可將答案鎖定在RosaParks這一部分，再根據(jù)本段中的“ButitalsosetofftheMontgomerybusboycott...andkickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement.”可知，RosaParks推動了美國民權(quán)運(yùn)動，故D項(xiàng)正確。23.Whomadeagreatcontributiontothecivil-rightsmovementintheU.S.?A.JaneAddams.B.RachelCarson.C.SandraDayO’Connor.D.RosaParks.√答案解析

(2017·全國Ⅰ，A片段)

SupportPacificScienceCenterSince1962，PacificScienceCenterhasbeeninspiringapassion(熱情)fordiscoveryandlifelonglearninginscience，mathandtechnology.Today，PacificScienceCenterservesmorethan1.3millionpeopleayearandbringsinquiry-basedscienceeducationtoclassroomsandcommunityeventsalloverWashingtonState.二、關(guān)鍵詞法典例2解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由標(biāo)題及該段第二句“Today，PacificScienceCenterservesmorethan1.3millionpeopleayearandbringsinquiry-basedscienceeducationtoclassroomsandcommunityeventsalloverWashingtonState.”可知此處的關(guān)鍵詞應(yīng)是“science”，太平洋科學(xué)中心把基于探究的科學(xué)教育帶入課堂。22.WhatdoesPacificScienceCenterdoforschools?A.Trainscienceteachers.B.Distributesciencebooks.C.Inspirescientificresearch.D.Takesciencetotheclassroom.√答案解析點(diǎn)津半數(shù)以上的文章會在文章的第一段或最后一段直接給出主題關(guān)鍵詞，且常是首句；還有部分文章在第一段或最后一段間接給出主題關(guān)鍵詞，正確答案與主題關(guān)鍵詞有高度的重合性：形似、意似。

(2016·全國Ⅰ，D片段)Themeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups.Silencesmaybethoughtful，ortheymaybeemptywhenapersonhasnothingtosay.Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness，uneasiness，orworry.Silencemaybeviewedbysomeculturalgroupsasextremelyuncomfortable；thereforeattemptsmaybemadetofilleverygap(間隙)withconversation.Personsinotherculturalgroupsvaluesilenceandviewitasnecessaryforunderstandingaperson’sneeds.牛刀小試232.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsilenceinconversations?A.Itimpliesanger.B.Itpromotesfriendship.C.Itisculture-specific.D.Itiscontent-based.解析推理判斷題。由第一段第一句及下文給出的沉默在不同文化中代表不同含義的例子可知，作者認(rèn)為不同文化對于沉默的解讀是有很大差異的，即它與特定的文化有關(guān)。此處的關(guān)鍵詞應(yīng)是“cultural”。因此答案為C。√答案解析

(2017·全國Ⅰ，A片段)It’sanamazingaccomplishmentandonewecannotachievewithoutgeneroussupportfromindividuals，corporations，andothersocialorganizations.Visit

tofindvariouswaysyoucansupportPacificScienceCenter.三、題段一致法典例3解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)該部分中的“VisittofindvariouswaysyoucansupportPacificScienceCenter.”可知作者呼吁讀者支持PacificScienceCenter，也就是鼓勵人們?yōu)橹峁┚柚９蔬xA。23.Whatisthepurposeofthelastpartofthetext?A.Toencouragedonations.B.Toadvertisecomingevents.C.Tointroducespecialexhibits.D.TotellabouttheCenter’shistory.√答案解析點(diǎn)津按照文章的發(fā)展順序設(shè)置題目，是目前最主要的出題方法。這種出題方法最簡單，最容易操作，因此為命題者所偏愛。學(xué)生則應(yīng)按照文章的段落順序依次進(jìn)行解答，沒有必要百分之百讀懂整篇文章，沒有必要從頭到尾把全文讀一遍，按照這一定律，邊看題干，邊看原文，從而快速解題。

(2016·四川，B片段)Ourownexperienceworkingtogetheronhealth，development，andenergythelasttwentyyearshasbeenoneofthemostrewardingpartsofourlives.Ithaschangedwhoweareandcontinuestofuelouroptimismabouthowmuchthelivesofthepoorestpeoplewillimproveintheyearsahead.牛刀小試327.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Theauthorbelievesthelivesofthepoorestwillgetbetter.B.Muchmoreprogresswillbemadeinthenearfuture.C.Theworkonhealthisthemostvaluableexperience.D.People’seffortshavebeenmateriallyrewarded.解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)本段最后提到的“Ithaschangedwhoweareandcontinuestofuelouroptimismabouthowmuchthelivesofthepoorestpeoplewillimproveintheyearsahead.”可知最窮的人的生活將會變得更好。故選A。√答案解析

(2017·全國Ⅰ，D片段)Toconstructaworkingstill，useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethewatercatcher’sproductivity.Placeyourcupinthedeepestpartofthehole.Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsup—andout—thesideofthehole.四、釋義法典例4解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)本段描述可知，制作一個蒸餾器裝置，需要挖一個四英尺寬、三英尺深的洞，要盡量在潮濕的地方挖洞來提高thewatercatcher的生產(chǎn)力，結(jié)合全文可知，提高的應(yīng)該是整個蒸餾器裝置的生產(chǎn)力，故選B項(xiàng)。33.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thewatercatcher”inParagraph2referto?A.Thetube. B.Thestill.C.Thehole. D.Thecup.√答案解析點(diǎn)津詞匯量小是制約學(xué)生閱讀理解能力的一個重要因素。詞義猜測的具體技巧如下：根據(jù)定義或上下文解釋進(jìn)行猜測；根據(jù)同位關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測；根據(jù)同義關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測；根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法(合成、派生、轉(zhuǎn)化等)進(jìn)行猜測；根據(jù)因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測；根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測；根據(jù)常識或背景知識進(jìn)行猜測。

(2016·全國Ⅰ，C片段)IamPeterHodes，avolunteerstemcellcourier.SinceMarch2012，I’vedone89trips—ofthose，51havebeenabroad.Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells(干細(xì)胞)inmylittleboxbecauseI’vegottwoicepacksandthat’showlongtheylast.Inall，fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor(捐獻(xiàn)者)tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient，we’vegot72hoursatmost.SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.牛刀小試429.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier”inParagraph1?A.provider

B.deliverymanC.collector

D.medicaldoctor解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)本段第二句中的“I’vedone89trips”及第三句中的“carrystemcells”可知，作者是運(yùn)送干細(xì)胞的人，所以選B項(xiàng)?！檀鸢附馕?/p>

(2017·全國Ⅰ，B片段)Thehomeownerwasveryhelpful.Awirebasketwasfound.Iputsomepinebranchesintothebaskettomakethisnestsafeandcomfortable.Iplacedthechickinthenest，anditquicklycalmeddown.五、掃讀法典例5解析

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。掃讀全文，可確定該段中的“Iplacedthechickinthenest，anditquicklycalmeddown.”為解題的關(guān)鍵信息。由此可知，作者為貓頭鷹幼雛做的新鳥巢讓它很快就安靜下來。故選A。26.Whatmadethechickcalmdown?A.Anewnest. B.Somefood.C.Arecording. D.Itsparents.√答案解析點(diǎn)津掃讀不是簡單地走馬觀花，而是在保證快速、高效的前提下，鎖定關(guān)鍵信息：(1)注意特征詞，如：luckily，unfortunately，asaresult，besides等；(2)注意時(shí)間點(diǎn)，如：yesterday，lastyear，today，now等；(3)找主線：文章的主線往往是文章的中心思想或者作者對文中所論述的事物所持的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度等。

(2016·四川，D)Awarmdrinkofmilkbeforebedhaslongbeenthebestchoiceforthosewantingagoodnight’ssleep.Butnowastudyhasfounditreallydoeshelppeoplenodoff—ifitismilkedfromacowatnight.Researchershavediscoveredthat“nightmilk”containsmoremelatonin(褪黑激素)，whichhasbeenproventohelppeoplefeelsleepyandreduceanxiety.牛刀小試5Thestudy，byresearchersfromSeoul，SouthKorea，involvedmicebeingfedwithdriedmilkpowdermadefromcowsmilkedbothduringthedayandatnight.Thosegivennightmilk，whichcontained10timestheamountofmelatonin，werelessactiveandlessanxiousthanthosefedwiththemilkcollectedduringdaytime，accordingtothestudypublishedinThe

Journal

of

Medicinal

Food.Nightmilkquickenedthestartofsleepandcausedthemicetosleeplonger.Whiletheeffectofcowsmilkharvestedatdifferenttimehasnotbeentestedonhumansuptonow，takingmelatonindrugshasbeensuggestedtothosewhoarestrugglingtofallasleepatnight.Previousstudieshavealsoindicatedthatmilkcanbeexcellentforhelpingsleepbecauseofthecalciumcontent，whichhelpspeopletorelax.Milkisalsosugar-freeandadditive-freewithnutritionistsrecommendingskimmedmilkasthebestchoicebeforebedasitistheleastfattening.Themorefatyoutakeinbeforebedtime，thegreaterburdenyouwillputonyourbodyatnight.34.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.NightMilkandSleepB.Fat，SugarandHealthC.AnExperimentonMiceD.MilkDrinkingandHealth解析標(biāo)題歸納題。文章主要說明了喝夜間擠的牛奶與睡眠之間的關(guān)系。所以選項(xiàng)A是文章的最佳標(biāo)題。√答案解析343535.Howdoestheauthorsupportthethemeofthetext?A.Bygivingexamples.B.Bystatingarguments.C.Byexplainingstatisticaldata.D.Byprovidingresearchresults.解析推理判斷題。詳讀全文，可以看出作者是通過提供研究成果來支持文章主題的，故選D項(xiàng)。√答案解析3435

(2017·全國Ⅰ，B片段)IworkwithVolunteersforWildlife，arescueandeducationorganizationatBaileyArboretuminLocustValley.Tryingtohelpinjured，displacedorsickcreaturescanbeheartbreaking;survivalisnevercertain.However，whenitworks，itissimplybeautiful.六、位置特征法典例6解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)該段中的“Tryingtohelpinjured，displacedorsickcreaturescanbeheartbreaking;survivalisnevercertain.”可知救助野生動物的工作有時(shí)讓人悲傷，因?yàn)椴荒鼙ＷC野生動物會存活下來，即我們的努力有可能白費(fèi)。故選A。24.Whatisunavoidableintheauthor’srescueworkaccordingtoParagraph1?A.Effortsmadeinvain.B.Gettinginjuredinhiswork.C.Feelinguncertainabouthisfuture.D.Creaturesforce