2025屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)與測(cè)試專題一閱讀理解第二講推理判斷題-依文推理定選項(xiàng)

第二講推理判斷題——依文推理定選項(xiàng)一、題型特點(diǎn)需了解[題型分析]推理判斷題考查考生推理和判斷的能力，以及深層次的閱讀理解能力。主要考查隱含推斷題、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題、寫(xiě)作意圖題、文章出處題、文章類型題、讀者對(duì)象題等。在進(jìn)行推斷時(shí)，要透過(guò)字里行間，去體會(huì)作者的“弦外之音”，要據(jù)文推理、合情推理，不可脫離原文、主觀臆斷。[選項(xiàng)特征]1．正確選項(xiàng)特征(1)“立足原文，只推一步”：根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)單推理，一步即可推得。(2)選項(xiàng)中一般不出現(xiàn)絕對(duì)概念，如only、never、all、absolutely等，正確答案的表述一般有一點(diǎn)模糊，會(huì)用一些相對(duì)能夠留有一些余地的詞匯，如often、usually、sometimes、some、may、might、can、could、probably等。2．干擾選項(xiàng)特征張冠李戴把作者的觀點(diǎn)與其他人的觀點(diǎn)混在一起無(wú)中生有符合常識(shí)，但不是文章的內(nèi)容曲解文意利用原文的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)，借題發(fā)揮，曲解原文意思；有些符合常識(shí)，但不符合文意擴(kuò)縮范圍通過(guò)改變或去掉文章中的限制性詞語(yǔ)，改變信息的準(zhǔn)確度，造成干擾偷梁換柱使用與文章中某一句話相似的句型結(jié)構(gòu)和單詞，在易被忽視的地方更換單詞，造成句意的改變二、方法技巧要知曉題型一隱含推斷題隱含推斷題主要考查考生對(duì)特定信息、全篇、全段或上下文邏輯關(guān)系的判斷，結(jié)合相關(guān)信息的暗示，準(zhǔn)確理解文章寓意或隱含的深層意義的能力。一般題干主要包括六個(gè)動(dòng)詞：infer(推斷)、indicate(象征；暗示)、imply(暗示)、suggest(暗示)、conclude(得出結(jié)論)、assume(假定；設(shè)想)。[典例1](2024·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ閱讀C片段)Audio(音頻)andvideocanfeelmoreengagingthantext,andsouniversityteachersincreasinglyturntothesetechnologies—say,assigninganonlinetalkinsteadofanarticlebythesameperson.However,psychologistshavedemonstratedthatwhenadultsreadnewsstories,theyremembermoreofthecontentthaniftheylistentoorviewidenticalpieces.Digitaltexts,audioandvideoallhaveeducationalroles,especiallywhenprovidingresourcesnotavailableinprint.However,formaximizinglearningwherementalfocusandreflectionarecalledfor,educatorsshouldn'tassumeallmediaarethesame,evenwhentheycontainidenticalwords.31．Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?A．Studentsshouldapplymultiplelearningtechniques.B．Teachersshouldproducetheirownteachingmaterial.C．Printtextscannotbeentirelyreplacedineducation.D．Educationoutsidetheclassroomcannotbeignored.[解析]第一步：閱讀題干，找出關(guān)鍵詞imply和thelastparagraph。第二步：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞，定位到原文中的“whenadultsreadnewsstories,theyremembermoreofthecontentthaniftheylistentoorviewidenticalpieces”以及“However,formaximizinglearningwherementalfocusandreflectionarecalledfor,educatorsshouldn'tassumeallmediaarethesame,evenwhentheycontainidenticalwords.”。綜合邏輯分析可推斷出作者在強(qiáng)調(diào)紙質(zhì)文本在教育中不能完全被取代。第三步：比對(duì)選項(xiàng)得出答案。[答案]C技法點(diǎn)撥：題型二觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題此類試題往往讓考生推斷文章作者或文中人物對(duì)某事所持的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度或看法或推斷文中人物的語(yǔ)氣、性格等。觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度一般分為三大類：①支持、贊同、樂(lè)觀；②客觀、中立、公正；③反對(duì)、批評(píng)、懷疑、悲觀。在推斷過(guò)程中，考生應(yīng)特別注意文中作者的措辭，尤其是表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞或副詞。[典例2](2024·全國(guó)甲卷閱讀C片段)Doctorsseeupto150patientseveryday.Thetrain'sequipmentallowsforbasiccheckups.“Iwasveryimpressedbythedoctorsandtheirassistantsworkingandlivinginsuchlittlespacebutstillstayingfocusedandveryconcerned，”saysDucke.“Theywerethebestchanceformanyruralpeopletogetthetreatmenttheywant.”31．WhatisDucke'sattitudetowardtheSaintLukas'services?A．Appreciative.B．Doubtful.C．Ambiguous.D．Cautious.[解析]第一步：閱讀題干，找出關(guān)鍵詞Ducke'sattitudetowardtheSaintLukas'services。第二步：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞，定位到原文中的“Iwasveryimpressedbythedoctorsandtheirassistantsworkingandlivinginsuchlittlespacebutstillstayingfocusedandveryconcerned”以及“Theywerethebestchanceformanyruralpeopletogetthetreatmenttheywant.”。根據(jù)段中杜克所說(shuō)的話中的“veryimpressed”“stayingfocusedandveryconcerned”和“thebestchance”等可知，他對(duì)該列車的服務(wù)持贊賞的態(tài)度。第三步：比對(duì)選項(xiàng)得出答案。[答案]A技法點(diǎn)撥：題型三寫(xiě)作意圖題各種話題的閱讀材料都有可能考查寫(xiě)作意圖題。通常情況下，作者在文中不直接陳述自己的意圖，而是通過(guò)文中所列事物使讀者感受到其所傳遞的想法。所以這種題型要求考生具備對(duì)作者闡述的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)和分析的能力。[典例3](2024·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅱ閱讀D片段)GiventheastonishingpotentialofAItotransformourlives,weallneedtotakeactiontodealwithourAI-poweredfuture,andthisiswhereAIbyDesign:APlanforLivingwithArtificialIntelligencecomesin.ThisabsorbingnewbookbyCatrionaCampbellisapracticalroadmapaddressingthechallengesposedbytheforthcomingAIrevolution(變革).Inthewronghands,suchabookcouldproveascomplicatedtoprocessasthecomputercode(代碼)thatpowersAI...AswesooncometolearnfromAIbyDesign，...AIwillaffectusall,andifyouonlyreadonebookonthesubject,thisisit.35．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A．TorecommendabookonAI.B．TogiveabriefaccountofAIhistory.C．ToclarifythedefinitionofAI.D．TohonoranoutstandingAIexpert.[解析]第一步：閱讀題干，找出關(guān)鍵詞theauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext。第二步：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞，定位到原文最后一段：AIwillaffectusall,andifyouonlyreadonebookonthesubject,thisisit.。本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，結(jié)合首段和尾段可知，文章主要給讀者推薦了卡特里奧娜·坎貝爾的一本關(guān)于人工智能的書(shū)。第三步：比對(duì)選項(xiàng)得出答案。[答案]A技法點(diǎn)撥：題型四文章出處題、文章類型題、讀者對(duì)象題文章出處題、文章類型題要求考生具備一定的常識(shí)，能夠根據(jù)文章的體裁和題材來(lái)推斷文章的出處或類型。讀者對(duì)象題要求考生根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容和措辭推斷文章的讀者對(duì)象。[典例4](2023·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅱ閱讀C片段)ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.Theimageofthereaderappearsthroughouthistory,inartmadelongbeforebooksaswenowknowthemcameintobeing.Inartists'representationsofbooksandreading,weseemomentsofsharedhumanitythatgobeyondcultureandtime.Inthis“bookofbooks，”artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.Adultsareportrayed(描繪)aloneinmanysettingsandposes—absorbedinavolume,deepinthoughtorlostinamomentofleisure.Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecordmomentswecanallrelateto.28．Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A．Anintroductiontoabook.B．Anessayontheartofwriting.C．Aguidebooktoamuseum.D．Areviewofmodernpaintings.[解析]第一步：閱讀題干，找出關(guān)鍵詞Where和takenfrom。第二步：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞，定位到原文第一段第一句：“ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.”和第二段第一句。根據(jù)以上信息可推知，文章介紹了一本書(shū)，最有可能出自一本書(shū)的序言。第三步：比對(duì)選項(xiàng)得出答案。[答案]A技法點(diǎn)撥：A體裁主題語(yǔ)境難度說(shuō)明文堅(jiān)持目標(biāo)不放棄★★★☆☆(2024·濟(jì)寧一模)Bard，Kinetic(CoffeeHousePress，2023)byAnneWaldman,oneofthemostimportantlivingAmericanpoets,isanewcollectionofautobiographical(自傳體的)pieces,includingpublishedandunpublishedessays,correspondence,interviews,andpoemsfromthelast20years.Thoughtheoriginofthetextsandpoemsisrelativelyrecent,Bard,KinetictracksWaldman'slifefromherchildhoodinGreenwichVillagetothepresent.Ratherthanamemoir(回憶錄),thisenergeticcollectionintegratesherstoriesintocontexts—literary,political,spiritual,familial.InSketch,thefirstandlongestpieceinthebook，Waldmandescribeswhatguidedhertopoetryfromanearlyage—Herintellectualandartisticparentsencouragedher“toreadwidely,towrite,think,talkaboutit,becuriousandcritical.”ReadingSketchforitswonderfulautobiographicaldetailsandthesuccessfulmomentsthatrunthroughWaldman'slifeisapleasure.InInterviewwithPoetas，Madrid2018,anotherpiecefromthebook'ssecondsection,shewrote，“Weneedculturalandhumanitarianrevolution.Weneedpoetrytoremindusofthemagicwehavehadthatneedsattendanceandrecharge.”Hervoiceandvisionhaveacollectivewidth.Waldmaninsistsoncombiningartwithnearlyeveryaspectofherlife.Bard,Kinetic,atallpoints,ahigh-energyconstruct,andatallpoints,anenergy-discharge,putsreadersonthepathtorecognizingpoetryasamentalaid,asanactionthatreachesacrossgeography,species,andtime.Asshewroteinthebook'spreface,shecommandsherselfto“keeppushingforknowledge,studywithadeeperinvestigationandadeeperaction.Theaction,totallynecessary”.ThesearehighaimsthatWaldmanhasinsistedon,tirelessly,herentirelife.Waldmanshines.Herheartcouldbeourheart.ThisnewbookisbestreadasacompanionofVowtoPoetry(2001)，Waldman'spreviouscollectionofinterviewsandautobiographicalessays,whichwillhelpreadersappreciatethisbookbetter.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇關(guān)于書(shū)籍Bard，Kinetic的書(shū)評(píng)。1．WhatdoweknowaboutBard,KineticbyWaldman?A．Itisamemoir.B．Itdocumentsherlifeandwork.C．Itisherfirstcollectionofpoems.D．ItistobeissuedbyCoffeeHousePress.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知，Bard，Kinetic記錄了作者的工作情況；根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，Bard，Kinetic記錄了沃爾德曼從格林尼治村的童年到現(xiàn)在的生活。即Bard，Kinetic記錄了作者的生活和工作情況。2．What'sthepurposeofparagraph3?A．Toaddrelevantbackgroundinformation.B．Tohelpreadersgainpartialinsightintothebook.C．Topersuadereaderstoconductselectivereading.D．TointroduceWaldman'swritingstyles.B寫(xiě)作意圖題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，本段對(duì)書(shū)籍中的部分情節(jié)進(jìn)行了描述，因而其目的是幫助讀者了解這本書(shū)的部分內(nèi)容。3．Whatisimpliedintheunderlinedsentence“Herheartcouldbeourheart.”inparagraph4?A．Weshouldsticktoourgoals.B．Weshouldlearnpoemsbyheart.C．Weshouldseekfameandwealth.D．Weshouldenjoylifetoourhearts'content.A句意猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Asshewrote...‘keeppushing...totallynecessary’.Thesearehighaims...shines.”可知，沃爾德曼一生孜孜不倦地堅(jiān)持著自己的崇高目標(biāo)。由此可推知，畫(huà)線句指作為讀者，應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)她對(duì)目標(biāo)執(zhí)著追求的這種精神。4．What'sthepassage?A．Adiaryentry. B．Anewsreport.C．Abookreview. D．Anautobiography.C文章類型題。通讀全文可知，本文是關(guān)于書(shū)籍Bard，Kinetic的書(shū)評(píng)。B體裁主題語(yǔ)境難度記敘文作者和小狗的經(jīng)歷★★★☆☆(2024·湛江一模)BythetimeItookKickerhome,Iwaslivinginavan(旅居房車),sohewasthrownintovanlifefromdayone.Atthispoint,Iknewhowtomakehimanoutgoingandadaptabledog,andmylifewasfarmoreadventurousthanithadbeen...Rightoutofthegate，Itookhimtoskitouring,whichisalotlikecross-countryskiingbutinwilderterrain.Atfirst,Kickerwouldjuststaynestled(依偎)inmyjacket,butashegotstronger,hewouldrunonhisownforalittlewhilebeforeIcarriedhimagain.WealsowentonsomewintercampingadventuresinthehighpeaksoftheUintaMountains,andwetriedsnowkiting.HeranaroundwhileIskied.Helearnedtospeed-flyandkiteboard.Onetimehevomited(嘔吐)alloverthenewcushionsonmybed.Boy,didthatstaysmellyfordays!Still,livinginavanwithadogwasgreat.Witheachnewday,hegotstrongerandmoreindependent.IhaddreamedofvisitingAlaskasinceIwasachild,sobeingabletosharethattripwithKickerfeltincredible.There'ssomethingtobesaidaboutsharedexperiencesandhowtheyhelpdevelopastrongbond.Togetherwekayaked,snowmobiled,andevenendedupexploringdeepblueicecavesinWorthingtonGlacier.KickerlearnedtocomesnowboardingwithmeinthemountainsofAlaska.Hewouldhikepartoftheway,andIwouldcarryhimtherest.IwouldalwayslethimrunnexttomeasIboarded,butIusuallyendedupputtinghimonmyshouldersfortherestoftheridedown—hehadgrownfartoobigtofitinmyjacket.Havingadoghasbeenoneofthemostrewardingthingsinmylife.Forme,it'saboutthetimespenttogetherexploring,sharingexperiences,workingthroughchallengingsituations,snuggling,andultimatelytakingcareofoneanother.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文講述了作者和小狗基克一起到野外露營(yíng)、滑雪等的經(jīng)歷，在這些歷險(xiǎn)過(guò)程中，小狗逐漸長(zhǎng)大，學(xué)會(huì)了很多技能，作者和小狗之間的關(guān)系也變得更加親密的故事。5．WhatwasKickerlikewhenhewasfirsttakenhomebytheauthor?A．Sickandpitiful.B．Smallandweak.C．Happyandactive.D．Outgoingandadventurous.B隱含推斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Atfirst,Kickerwouldjuststaynestledinmyjacket...carriedhimagain.”可知，起初，基克只是依偎在“我”的夾克里。由此可推知，剛開(kāi)始的時(shí)候，小狗又小又弱。6．WhywastheincidentofKicker'svomitingmentionedinparagraph3?A．Toillustratehowhardlifeisinavan.B．ToindicatethatraisingKickerwasnotallroses.C．Toshowtheimportanceoftakinggoodcareofapet.D．Towarnusofthetroubleapetcanbringtousonatrip.B寫(xiě)作意圖題。第三段講述了作者帶著基克一起歷險(xiǎn)，相處融洽，基克吐在墊子上這件事只是一個(gè)小插曲，說(shuō)明作者養(yǎng)狗的過(guò)程也不是十分輕松愉快。7．Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A．WhattricksKickerlearnedinAlaska.B．Whatgreatexperiencestheauthorhad.C．Howtheauthorrealizedhischildhooddream.D．HowmuchtheauthorenjoyedKicker'scompany.D段落大意題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容，尤其是第一句可知，本段講述作者和小狗一起經(jīng)歷的樂(lè)趣，作者非常享受基克的陪伴。8．Whatisspecialabouttheauthor'srelationshipwithKicker?A．Theybondthroughsharedadventures.B．Theyhelpeachothertobecomestronger.C．Theybondthroughgivingeachotherrewards.D．Theydependoneachotherinlife'shardesttimes.A隱含推斷題。通讀全文可知，本文講述了作者帶著基克一起在戶外的各種經(jīng)歷，基克逐漸長(zhǎng)大，學(xué)會(huì)了多種技能，作者和基克之間的關(guān)系變得愈加親密，共同的冒險(xiǎn)使一人一狗聯(lián)系在了一起的故事。專題強(qiáng)化練(四)A(2024·泰安一模)Therehavebeennumerousattemptstocreateanall-plasticbike.Butmosthaveneverpassedthroughtheprototypestage(原始階段).Igus,aGermany-basedmanufacturerofhigh-performanceplastics,andDutchstart-upMTRLaimtochangethatwiththeigus：bike—theworld'sfirsturbanbikecraftedalmostentirelyfromrecycledplastic.IgusCEOFrankBlaséfirstgottheideawhilevacationingonaFloridabeachin2009.Aconversationwithsomeemployeesfromarentalcompanymadehimawareofthechallengesofmaintainingbeachbicycles.Thecontinuousexposuretosand,windandsaltwatercausedthebikestorustrapidly.Manyhadtobereplacedinonlythreemonths.Theigus：bike,unveiledataGermantradeshow,ismaintainableandrust-free.Itcanbeleftoutdoorsinallweathersanddoesnotrequirelubricantoil(潤(rùn)滑油)toreducefrictionbetweenparts.Sinceitdoesnotattractsand,dustordirt,thebikecanbecleanedwithagardenhose(水管)inseconds.“Asallcomponentsaremadeofplastic,nopartofthebikerusts,eventhegears—bicyclegearsmadeofplasticwereunthinkableforalongtime，”Blasésays.Theigus：bikewillalsohelpcombattheworld'splasticpollution.Thecompanysaysasingleadultbikegivesnewlifetoabout16kilogramsofsingle-useplasticthatwouldotherwisechokeourlandfillsorwaterways.Currently,90percentoftheigus：bikeismadeusingrecycledplastic.Thisincludesthebicycle'sframe,bearings,pedalsandwheelrims.IgusandMTRLbelievefutureversionswillbemadeentirelyfromrecycledplastic.“Fromoceanplasticstomotionplastics—theigus：bikeconcepthaswhatittakestobecomeahigh-techecologicalproduct，”saysMTRLco-founderBenjaminAlderseBaas.Theplasticbikesareexpectedtocomeontothemarket.Anadultmodel,madeentirelyfromrecycledplastic,willcostabout1，400.Aslightlycheaperversionmadeusingnewplasticandanelectricbikearealsointheworks.Igusalsoplansonsharingitstechnologywithotherbicyclemanufacturers.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。作者介紹了世界上第一款幾乎完全由可循環(huán)利用的塑料制造的自行車。1．WhatmakesIgusCEOFrankBlaséseektocreatetheigus：bike?A．HisholidayinginFloridalastyear.B．Theconversationbetweenhimandsomebicyclers.C．Thetroubleofkeepingbeachbicyclesingoodcondition.D．Theprolongedexposureofbikesonthebeach.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可推知，沙灘自行車很難維護(hù)，所以易格斯的首席執(zhí)行官弗蘭克·布拉斯想要改善這一情況，這是他要制造易格斯自行車的原因。2．Whatcanwelearnabouttheigus：bikefromthepassage?A．Itwillcertainlysellwell.B．Itneedstobemoreportable.C．Itcanbeusedeverywhereandfreely.D．Itisrustlessandcanbecleanedeasily.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句和最后一句可知，這種自行車不易生銹且易于清洗。3．Whatcanbeinferredaboutthefutureplasticbikes?A．Theywillbecheaperandlighter.B．Theywillbemorehigh-techecological.C．Theywillbecraftedfromonlyrecycledplastics.D．Theywillbeusedwidelyallovertheworld.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段最后一句“IgusandMTRLbelievefutureversionswillbemadeentirelyfromrecycledplastic.”可知，未來(lái)這款自行車有望完全由可循環(huán)利用的塑料制成。4．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Abikemadefromrecycledplastics.B．Howtomakerust-freebikes.C．Anexcellentbicyclemanufacturer.D．Howtomaintainbeachbikes.A主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章介紹了一款幾乎全部由塑料制成的自行車及其構(gòu)想起源、優(yōu)勢(shì)、當(dāng)前現(xiàn)狀以及發(fā)展前景，A項(xiàng)最能概括文章內(nèi)容。B(2024·南京二模)“Dana,howareyoufeelingtoday？”Iask,myeyesclockingherdirtyuniform,andthedarkcirclesunderhereyes.“OK，”Danamumbles(嘟囔).“Haveyoueatentoday？”Shenods.Anotherlie.“CanIgetyouanything？”ButwhatcouldIpossiblygether?Abedroomofherown?Afamilywithlove?“No,thanks.”Repeatedlyabsentfromschoolrecently,shehaswornoutteachers'patience.ButIdon'twanttosendherbacktoclass.Whatuseisitknowingallthesquarenumbersandallthegrammaticalruleswhenshehastoworkouthowtowash,cookanddecidebetweenfeedingherselforheryoungersister?“Abiscuit？”Ioffer.ItworksandDanatakesthebiscuitIhandher.IrememberthefirsttimeImetDana,thedayaftershelockedherselfinthehousewhenhermumabandonedthefamily.IrememberthinkinghowyoungshewastohavebuiltsuchahighwallaroundherselfandhowonearthIcouldpossiblybreakthrough.Asasocialworker,itismyjobtoknockdownsuchwallsnomatterhow.Iknowitwouldtakemorethanabiscuittoeaseoutoneofherbricks.ButIwilltry.“Howareyoufeeling？”Ipushslightly,hopingthebiscuitmighthavesoftenedher.“OK，”sheshrugs(聳肩).I'mabouttochangetopicswhenhereyesrestonmyarm.“Howdoesthatfeel，Mia？”Danastaresatme.Thesleeve(袖子)ofmyblousehasrolledup,evidenceofhowdeepIhadputitintothebiscuitcan.Adeepscar(傷疤)alongmyarmisobviousagainstmyfairskin.Irollmysleevebackdown，“It'sfromafire.Ithurts.ButeverythingwillbeOKwhenyouthinkit'sOK.”Danapauses(停頓)andpicksupanotherbiscuit.Inthatinstant,IknowsomethinghaschangedintheroomandwemightactuallybeOK.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。在母親拋棄家庭后，達(dá)娜在心里為自己筑起了一座高墻，作者作為一名社會(huì)工作人員，想盡自己所能幫她打開(kāi)心防，重拾生活的希望。5．WhyisDanaoftenabsentfromschool?A．Becausesheisslowatschoolwork.B．Becausesheisstrugglingwithlife.C．Becauseshelocksherselfathome.D．BecauseshedesiresMia'sattention.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第七段中的“Whatuseisit...decidebetweenfeedingherselforheryoungersister？”可知，達(dá)娜需要洗衣做飯、照顧自己和自己的妹妹。由此可推知，達(dá)娜經(jīng)常缺課是因?yàn)樗谂c生活作斗爭(zhēng)。6．WhatdoweknowaboutMia?A．Sheiseagertoremoveherscar.B．Sheisademandingsocialworker.C．SheawakensDana'shopeforfuture.D．Sheimproveskid-parentrelationship.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后三段內(nèi)容可推知，作者(米婭)對(duì)達(dá)娜說(shuō)的話讓達(dá)娜開(kāi)始有了對(duì)未來(lái)的希望。7．Whatdoestheendingofthepassageimply?A．MiagainsabetterunderstandingofDana. B．Theroomisfullofhappinessandharmony.C．Troubledteensrequirefamilycareandsupport. D．AclosebondisformingbetweenMiaandDana.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，米婭和達(dá)娜互相了解過(guò)去的“傷疤”后知道她們之間有共同點(diǎn)，達(dá)娜也因此打開(kāi)了心防。由此可推知，米婭和達(dá)娜之間形成了親密的關(guān)系。8．Whatisasuitabletitleforthepassage?A．OK B．BiscuitsC．AWhiteLie D．ADeepScarA標(biāo)題歸納題。本文反復(fù)提及OK，指一種樂(lè)觀的生活態(tài)度，符合作者想讓達(dá)娜重新燃起對(duì)未來(lái)生活希望的主旨，A項(xiàng)最適合作文章標(biāo)題。C(2024·濰坊三模)ResearcherRuijiaHusaidwildlifehabitatincrowdedplaceslikesouthwestOhioisbecomingincreasinglyfragmented(分散)asforestsgivewaytonewconstruction.Eventually,thiscouldmaketroubletoananimalwithspecifichabitatneedslikeOhioanpileated(紅冠)woodpecker(啄木鳥(niǎo)).Pileatedwoodpeckershavethenicknamecarpenterbirdsfortheirnever-endingnaturalwoodworking.Theypeckoutholesintreesfortheirnestseveryyear,creatinglotsofvaluablehomesforanimalslikefoxsquirrelsandowls.“Theymakenewnestseveryyear.Theywon'treuseoldones，”Husaid.“Otheranimalsdependonthem.”P(pán)ileatedwoodpeckersareprivatebirdsthataremoreoftenheardthanseen.Studyingthemcanbeespeciallydifficult.SoHuturnedtocitizenscienceforhelp.Toidentifywherewoodpeckershavebeenseen,sheusedeightyearsofsightingscollectedbybirdersandloggedintothewebsiteeBird,afreeonlinetoolandappthatanyonecanusetorecordtheirobservationsandlocations.Sheoverlaidthesesightingswithremotesensingdataandfoundthatcorridorsalongriversandcreekswithabundantmaturetreesanddeadwoodhelpedthebirdsadjusttotheirincreasinglyfragmentedurbanlandscape.“Withfragmentedforests,manyhabitatsthatwereoncesuitableforwildlifearebrokenup，”Husaid.“Wildlifeisunabletofindhabitatbigenoughtomeettheirsurvivalneeds.Andeveniftherearesuitablehabitats,thedistancebetweenthemcanbetoogreat.Wildlifecorridorslinkupthesehabitatpatches.Sincewildlifecantravelandmigratefromonepatchtoanother,theprobabilityoffindingfoodandshelterishigher.”“Therearesomanyspeciesinurbanareasthatwedon'tpayattentionto,especiallywhenthey'renotconsideredvulnerable，”Husaid.“Withdevelopmentchippingawayatmoreforestinthiscrowdedcounty,thetippingpoint(臨界點(diǎn))couldcomequicklyandunexpectedly.Youcan'tfixitovernight.It'snotjustaboutplantingmoretrees.Thebirdsneedmatureforest,soitcouldtake30to50yearstoreplacetheirhabitat.Atleastwecanprotecttheseriversideforestcorridorsandseethatexistingtreesreachmaturity.”【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了隨著森林被新的建筑所取代，野生動(dòng)物棲息地正變得越來(lái)越分散，這可能會(huì)給有特定棲息地需求的動(dòng)物帶來(lái)麻煩。9．Whatcanweinferfromthesecondparagraph?A．Themagpie'snestisoccupiedbythedove.B．Birdsabandontheoldfortheneweasily.C．Friendshipreallyexistsamonganimals.D．One'strashisanotherperson'streasure.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，紅冠啄木鳥(niǎo)每年都在樹(shù)上啄洞筑巢，不會(huì)重復(fù)使用舊的鳥(niǎo)巢，閑置的鳥(niǎo)巢就可以被其他動(dòng)物利用，由此可推知，一個(gè)人的垃圾是另一個(gè)人的財(cái)富。10．Whatisthemainideaofthethirdparagraph?A．TheeffectofHu'sstudyonbirds.B．TheprocessofHu'sresearch.C．ThedifficultyHuhadinherstudy.D．Theapplicationoftechnology.B段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，胡在研究過(guò)程中向公民科學(xué)尋求幫助，使用了觀鳥(niǎo)者收集的8年的觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)，并登錄了“eBird”網(wǎng)站。由此可推知，本段介紹了胡的研究過(guò)程。11．Whatroledowildlifecorridorsplayforbirds?A．Helpingthemsurviveinthefragmentedlandscape.B．Makingthemadjusttodeadwoodquickly.C．Providingthemwithenoughfoodforsurvival.D．Ensuringthemastableandsafehabitat.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Wildlifecorridorslinkup...theprobabilityoffindingfoodandshelterishigher.”可知，野生動(dòng)物走廊可以連接分離開(kāi)來(lái)的棲息地，幫助動(dòng)物遷移和生存。12．WhatdoesHuimplyinthelastparagraph?A．Onetreedoesn'tmakeaforest.B．Bewiseaftertheevent.C．Prepareforarainyday.D．Takethingsastheycome.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Withdevelopmentchippingaway...Youcan'tfixitovernight.”可知，此處胡暗示，我們不能一夜之間解決問(wèn)題，需要未雨綢繆。專題強(qiáng)化練(五)A(2024·濱州二模)Myson'sseventhbirthdayisapproaching,soconversationatmyhousehasnaturallyturnedtoorganizinghisparty.Forhissixthbirthday,webookedthelocaltrampoline(蹦床)park.Thisworkedoutwell.Butthewholeeventcostushundredsofpounds.Thisyear,I'mtryingtoconvincehimthatthedinosaur-themedparkdowntheroadoffersjustasmuchfun—andyoudon'tevenneedtowearspecialsocks!Thiswillbecheaper,becausewearen'trequiredtohireaspace—wecansimplybuyticketsforhismates.ButIstillkeepponderingoveronething—partybags.Whyshouldabunchofseven-year-olds,whohavealreadybeentreatedtoadayoutandamountainofsugar,alsobehandedabagfullofpound-shopgiftsforsimplybotheringtoshowup?Partybagisanenvironmentaldisaster.Ireckonmysonattends20partiesperyear,andateachpartythereare20kidsinattendance,whichmeans400plasticbagsintotal.Withinthese400bagsareperhaps800plastictoys,almostallofwhichfallapartonthejourneyhomeandthengetbinnedinstantly.Thewasteisshocking,andIdon'twanttobepartofit.Iknowtherearesomepartybagalternatives:onecoupleIknowcoveredatablewithMr.Menbooksandgotthekidstochooseoneeach.Atanotherparty,Isawthehostsfillabucketwithsofttoysandcrumplednewspaper,anddoaluckydip(抽獎(jiǎng)).Admirableefforts.Evenifthatisanicetry,andevenifthecontentsinthepartybagsdon'tfallapart,sowhat?Willourgueststhinkmorehighlyofourchildbecauseofthepartybagsfromourparty?Willmychild'sabilitytomakeandkeepfriendsbeimproved?Well,thetraditionforkid'spartybagsendswithme,anditendshere,anditendsnow.Who'swithme?【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者認(rèn)為主人給參加生日聚會(huì)的孩子準(zhǔn)備的派對(duì)包是一種浪費(fèi)，作者堅(jiān)決抵制并呼吁停止這種做法。1．Whydoestheauthorrecommendthedinosaur-themedpark?A．Becauseit'smoreenjoyable.B．Becauseitprovidessocks.C．Becauseitcanreducecost.D．Becauseitoffersfreetickets.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Thiswillbecheaper,becausewearen'trequiredtohireaspace—wecansimplybuyticketsforhismates.”可知，作者推薦恐龍主題公園的原因是可以降低成本。2．Whatmaybeputinpartybags?A．Giftsbroughtbyguests.B．Giftspreparedbyhosts.C．Giftsdistributedbyparks.D．Giftsdonatedbycharities.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四、第五段內(nèi)容可知，派對(duì)包里裝有主人準(zhǔn)備的禮物。3．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardspartybags?A．Intolerant. B．Objective.C．Favorable. D．Indifferent.A觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可推知，作者不能忍受派對(duì)包。4．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“getbinned”meaninparagraph4?A．Berecycled. B．Berepaired.C．Bethrownaway. D．Begivenaway.C詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線短語(yǔ)所在句和畫(huà)線短語(yǔ)下文“Thewasteisshocking”可知，作者說(shuō)派對(duì)包造成的浪費(fèi)是驚人的，這說(shuō)明派對(duì)包里的玩具在回家的路上都會(huì)散架，然后被連包一起扔掉，由此可推知，畫(huà)線短語(yǔ)getbinned意為“被扔掉”。B(2024·廣州八區(qū)新高考聯(lián)考)Oncetheredwolf'shistoricrangestretchedfromLongIslandtoMissourianddowntotheTexas-Mexicoborder.Butby1972theirpopulationwasreducedtoasmallareaalongtheGulfcoastduetohabitatlossandhunting.Toconservethespecies，14individualswerecaughtaspartofareproducingprogram.In1980theirwildrelativesweredeclaredextinct—thecaughtwolveswereallthatwasleftandthuslotsofgeneticvariationwaslost.Youcan'thelpitwhenyouhavesofewfounders.KristinBrzeskiisanassistantprofessoratMichiganTechnologicalUniversity,whoseresearchfocusesontheconservationofgeneticsofwildanimalpopulations.Shethoughtthisworkhadbeenanunderdogscientificallyandforconservation,forallwolvesdecreasedinamountdramatically,especiallytheredwolves.Now,Brzeskiandherco-workershavefoundasurprisingnewpoolofredwolfgenesthatmighthelpbringmorediversitytothetinypopulation：theyfoundthedisappearinggenesofredwolvesinwildcoyote(郊狼)populations.Butwhydidthishappen?Remember：whenapopulationisdyingout,itmightfindtheclosestrelatedspeciesastheirownbestmate,soaredwolfandacoyotecanhaveoffspring.Asaresult,peoplecanrediscovertheirgenesintheircoyotehybridoffspring.Asredwolvesarereleasedbackintothewild,reproducingwiththesecoyotescouldhelpthecriticallyendangeredspeciesregainsomeofitsgeneticdiversity.Thiswouldbekindoftheoppositedirection:taketheexistingsmallpopulationthatstillhasredwolfgenesthataresocritical,andputthemintoawildlandscapewithnewgeneticvariationthattheyhaven'tseenfor50yearsormore.Andallofasudden,hopefully,thisislikeasupermixofgenetichealthandsortofareboundthattheseanimalscanbewildandbethemselvesagain.Thenextstepwillincludehowtoreleaseredwolvesinawaythattakesadvantageofthegenesredwolveshidingincoyotepopulations.Thereshouldbeaphilosophyinourmindthatwecreatedthisproblem,soweshouldberesponsibleforfixingit.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了紅狼的數(shù)量減少，導(dǎo)致基因變異消失。研究人員將有限的紅狼放歸野外，讓它們與郊狼繁殖，留下紅狼的基因以此來(lái)保護(hù)這一物種。5．Whywasmuchgeneticvariationoftheredwolveslost?A．Theirhabitatloss.B．Theirlimitednumber.C．Theirrelatives'extinction.D．Theirpooradaptability.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“In1980theirwildrelativesweredeclaredextinct—thecaughtwolveswereallthatwasleftandthuslotsofgeneticvariationwaslost.”可知，紅狼的很多基因變異消失是因?yàn)槠鋽?shù)量有限。6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“underdog”inparagraph3mean?A．Failure. B．Success.C．Breakthrough. D．Dilemma.A詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞下文中的“forallwolvesdecreasedinamountdramatically,especiallytheredwolves”可知，因?yàn)樗欣堑臄?shù)量都急劇減少，特別是紅狼，所以他們認(rèn)為野生動(dòng)物種群的遺傳保護(hù)工作在科學(xué)和保護(hù)方面是一種失敗。故畫(huà)線詞意為“失敗”。7．WhatisBrzeski'sattitudetoreleasingredwolvesintothewild?A．Disappointed. B．Favorable.C．Pessimistic. D．Cautious.B觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段最后一句可知，紅狼放歸野外后與郊狼繁殖可以幫助這種極度瀕危的物種恢復(fù)一