Unit 5 重點單詞變形 詞組 短語 句型【考點清單】

Unit5LanguagesaroundtheWorldUnit1TeenageLife話題世界上的語言詞匯Billion,native,attitude,reference,refer,system,despite,factor,base,bone,symbol,carve,dynasty,variety,major,means,classic,regard,character,calligraphy,global,affair,appreciate,specific,struggle,gas,petrol,subway,apartment,beg,equal,gap,demand,vocabulary,description,relate短語Referto,upsanddowns,allthewaythrough,dateback(to...),overtheyears,nomatter(where,who,what,etc.),highregardfor,playagreaterrolein,pointofview,reachthegoal,gethighmarks,bridgethegap句型the＋比較級(＋主語＋謂語),the＋比較級(＋主語＋謂語)……越……，(……)越……句型：nomatterwhere...“無論在哪里……”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句語法限制性定語從句關(guān)系副詞和介詞+關(guān)系代詞考點1.basedadj.以(某事)為基礎(chǔ)的;以……為重要部分(或特征)的[教材原句]Atthebeginning,writtenChinesewasapicture-basedlanguage.(P62)最初,書面漢語是一種以圖畫為基礎(chǔ)的語言?！就卣埂?1)basevt.以……為據(jù)點;以……為基礎(chǔ)n.底部;根據(jù)base...on/upon...把……建立在……基礎(chǔ)之上bebasedon/upon以……為基礎(chǔ);依據(jù)……atthebaseof在……底部basicadj.基本的;基礎(chǔ)的basisn.基礎(chǔ);基本原則onthebasisof在……基礎(chǔ)上;基于……onaregularbasis定期[近義]bottom,foundation【經(jīng)典練】單句語法填空(1)Pleasedorememberthatsuccessisbased______hardwork.(2)Thestudy______(base)ondatafrom2,100collegestudents.

(3)Contactwithotherpeopleisa______(base)humanneed.(4)______(base)animportantdecisionmoreonemotionthanonreason,youwillregretitsoonerorlater.(5)You’llbeabletochoosearoom______(base)onyourownpersonaltastes.(6)Contactwithotherpeopleisa_______(base)humanneed.(7)Itisrecommendedthatweshouldconductphysicalexaminationonaregular________(base).(8)Thestudy__________(base)ondatafrom2,100collegestudents.[寫美句]——句式升級(9)Thefilmwasbasedonatruestoryanditwasdeeplytouching.→____________________，thefilmwasdeeplytouching.(分詞短語作狀語)→Thefilm___________________wasdeeplytouching.(分詞短語作定語)【寫作佳句】Basedonmyownexperience,learningEnglishonlineisreallyagreatwayforEnglishlearners.[2020·5月天津卷，書面表達]根據(jù)我自己的經(jīng)驗，網(wǎng)上學(xué)習英語對英語學(xué)習者來說是一個很好的方式。答案:（1）on（2）wasbased（3）basic（4）Basing（5）based(6)basic(7)basis(8)wasbased(9)Basedonatruestory，basedonatruestory考點2.varietyn.(植物、語言等的)變體;異體;多樣化[教材原句]Overtheyears,thesystemdevelopedintodifferentforms,asitwasatimewhenpeopleweredividedgeographically,leadingtomanyvarietiesofdialectsandcharacters.(P62)多年以來,這種書寫體發(fā)展成不同的形式,因為在那段時間,由于人們在地理上的分裂,方言和文字的多樣性也隨之產(chǎn)生。【拓展】(1)avarietyof＝varietiesof種類繁多的(2)variousadj．不同的；各種各樣的(3)varyvt.&.vi．改變；變化varyfrom...to...從……到……不等；在……到……之間變動varyin...在……方面豐富多樣 varywith...隨著……的變化而變化[名師點津]avarietyof(varietiesof)既可修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。該短語修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù);修飾不可數(shù)名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)?！窘?jīng)典練】單句語法填空①Oneoftheadvantagesisthatwecanfind_________(variety)topics，suchasscience，cultureandhistory.②Theresearchteamismadeupofthepupils,whoseages______(various)from10to15.③Thereare___________(variety)ofreasonsinfavourofmyopinionthataChinesedictionaryshouldn’tincludeEnglishwords.④Oneoftheadvantagesisthatwecanfindvarious(variety)topics,suchasscience,cultureandhistory.⑤Theresearchteamismadeupofthepupils,whoseagesvary(various)from10to15.⑥Therearevarieties(variety)ofreasonsinfavourofmyopinionthataChinesedictionaryshouldn’tincludeEnglishwords.句式升級⑦Ourschoolhasbuiltanewstadiumandithasallkindsofwell-equippedfacilities．→Ourschoolhasbuiltanewstadium,_____________________well-equippedfacilities.(定語從句)答案:①various②vary③varieties④various⑤vary⑥varieties⑦whichhasvarietiesof考點3.equaln.同等的人;相等物vt.相同的;同樣的[教材原句]...ourrelationshipiscloseandwe’reequals,soIonlyneedafewwordstobridgethegapbetweenus.(P66)……我們的關(guān)系很親密,并且我們是平等的,因此我只需說幾個字,就能消除我們之間的距離?！就卣埂?1)theequalof與……相等/匹敵bewithoutequal=havenoequal無與倫比(2)equalsb/sthin(doing)sth在(做)某事上比得過、敵得過某人/物(3)beequaltosth/doingsth等于/勝任(做)某事beequalinsth在某方面平等/相同(4)unequaladj.不相等的;不平等的equalityn.平等;相等equallyadv.相等地;同等地;公平地[聯(lián)想]表示“勝任……”的其他表達：①beupto；②befitfor；③bequalifiedfor近義詞：rival（競爭對手，可與之匹敵者）,opponent(對手，競爭者），match（可與之匹敵者）【經(jīng)典練】單句語法填空(1)Chinahasalwaysinsistedthatallcountries,bigorsmall,shouldbe_______(equality).(2)Menandwomenmustbetreated_______(equal)ineducationandemployment.(3)Anymanwillbeequal_______thetask;solongasheiscareful,youshouldgivehimatry.(4)Weneedtobeactiveinallkindsofsports，andpayattentiontomentalhealthwhichisequal___________physicalhealth.(5)[2021·天津卷3月]FascinatedbythestructuralbeautyoftheForbiddenCityasapainter,sheis________(equal)interestedtolearnmoreaboutChinesephilosophy.(6)Nooneequalshim____courage,aboutwhicheveryoneknows.[寫美]——應(yīng)用文之申請信(7）[全國Ⅰ卷，書面表達]我確信我能勝任做這次中國繪畫展的志愿者。IamconvincedthatI____________beingavolunteerfortheChinesepaintingexhibition.(8)我們要積極參加各種體育運動,注重心理健康,它與身體健康同等重要。Weneedtobeactiveinallkindsofsports,andpayattentiontomentalhealth________________.答案:(1)equal(2)equally(3)to(4）to（5）equally（6）in(7）amequalto(8)whichisequaltophysicalhealth.考點4.appreciatevt.欣賞；重視；感激；領(lǐng)會[教材原句]AsChinaplaysagreaterroleinglobalaffairs，anincreasingnumberofinternationalstudentsarebeginningtoappreciateChina’scultureandhistorythroughthisamazinglanguage.(P62)隨著中國在全球事務(wù)中扮演著更為重要的角色，越來越多的國際學(xué)生開始通過漢語這一奇妙的語言了解和欣賞中國的文化和歷史?！就卣埂?1)appreciate＋n./pron./v.-ing重視/感激……Iwouldappreciateitif...假如……，我將不勝感激appreciate＋that/wh-從句理解/意識到……express/conveyone'sappreciationtosb.向某人表達感激之情注意：appreciate后不能用不定式，而要用動詞－ing形式作賓語。當appreciate，hate，dislike，love，like，depend/relyon等詞(組)后接賓語從句時，一般先加it，再接賓語從句。【經(jīng)典練】【語境巧練】寫出下列句中appreciate的含義①Thehappiestarenotthosewhoownallthebestthings,butthosewhocanappreciatethebeautyoflife．______②IappreciatethedifficultyyouarefacedwithbutIdon’tthinkIcanhelpyou．______③Iwouldmuchappreciateitifyouwouldarrangethisforme．______單句語法填空①I’dappreciate____ifcouldgivemeabitofgoodadvice.②Chinesecalligraphyhaswonthe______________(appreciate)ofalotofpeopleoutsideChina.③Iappreciate____________(give)theopportunitytoworkinyourcompanytwoyearsago.[寫美句]——應(yīng)用文之感謝信我寫信是為了表達一下我對你的感激之情，感謝你在我心情低沉的時候給我鼓勵和安慰。④_______________________________forencouragingandcomfortingmewhenIwasindepression.[佳句]⑤I'dappreciateyourreplyingtomyletteratyourearliestconvenience.＝_____________________youcouldreplytomyletteratyourearliestconvenience.[2020·全國Ⅲ卷，書面表達]如果方便時你能盡快回復(fù)我的信件，我將感激不盡。【語境巧練】①欣賞②理解③感激【即時練】①it②appreciation③beinggiven④I'mwritingtoexpressmyappreciation⑤I'dappreciateitif考點5.demandn.要求;需求vt.強烈要求;需要vi.查問[教材原句]ButifI’mtalkingtosomeonewhoisn’tveryclosetome,Imustmakemyrequestlonger—andImustmakeitaquestion,notademand.(P66)但是,如果我和一個不是很親近的人交談,我必須把我的請求說的時間長一些——我必須確保這是請求,而不是一個要求。【拓展】(1)demandtodosth.要求做某事demandofsbtodosth.要求某人做某事demandsth.of/fromsb.向某人要某物demandthat.../itisdemandedthat...(should)+動詞原形要求……(2)bein(great)demand(迫切)需求meet/satisfy/serveone’sdemands(forsth)滿足某人(對……)的需求(3)demandingadj.要求高的;費力的[名師點津](1)demand的主語是物時,常用demanddoing或demandtobedone結(jié)構(gòu)。(2)“要求某人做……”不可用demandsbtodo...,但可用demandofsbtodo...。(3)demand后通常不接雙賓語。【經(jīng)典練】單句語法填空①(2020·全國卷Ⅰ)Likerunning,racewalkingisphysically__________(demand),shesays.②First,sciencegraduatesare____greaterdemandthanartsonesinChina.③Yesterdayevening，thecouplecametomyhouseanddemandedhelp________me.[寫美句]——應(yīng)用文之新聞報道④[2020·全國卷Ⅰ，書面表達]因為摘蘋果需要爬樹，所以農(nóng)民們要求我們謹慎小心。Becausepickingapplesinvolvedclimbingtrees,thefarmersdemandedthatwe___________________________．【寫作佳句】Becauseitwasademandingtask，themanagerdemandedthatwe(should)workextrahourstomeetcustomers'demands.因為這是一項要求比較高的任務(wù)，所以經(jīng)理要求我們加班來滿足顧客們的需求。答案:①demanding②in③of/from④shouldbecautiousandcareful考點6.regardn.尊重;關(guān)注vt.把……視為;看待[教材原句]ThehighregardfortheChinesewritingsystemcanbeseeninthedevelopmentofChinesecharactersasanartform,knownasChinesecalligraphy,whichhasbecomeanimportantpartofChineseculture.(P62)對漢字書寫體系的高度重視在漢字作為一種藝術(shù)形式的發(fā)展過程中可以看出來,這種被稱為中國書法的藝術(shù)形式已經(jīng)成為中國文化的重要組成部分?！就卣埂?1)the(high)regardfor...對……(高度)尊重inthis/thatregard在這/那點上in/withregardto...關(guān)于某人(某事),在這點上giveone’sregards(tosb)代某人(向某人)問好asregards關(guān)于;至于(后接名詞或從句作賓語)(2)regardwith以(某種心態(tài))來看(某人或某事)regard...as...把……看作……(3)regardlessof不管；不顧(4)regardingprep.關(guān)于,至于,就……而論【經(jīng)典練】單句語法填空(1)Pleasegivemybest________(regard)tootherfriendswhocometothedinner.(2)Withregard________myfavouriteChinesepoet,I’dliketointroduceDuFutoyou.(3)TheSpringFestival________(regard)asthemostimportantfestivalforChinesepeople.

(4)TheInternetmakessurveyingandvotingeasyandconvenient,regardless______timeandspace.[小話題寫作](5)如今,騎自行車與慢跑和游泳一樣,被看作是最好的全能運動形式之一。Nowadays,cycling,alongwithjoggingandswimming,_________oneofthebestall-roundformsofexercise.答案:①regards②to(3)isregarded(4)of(5)isregardedas考點7.referto指的是；提及；查閱；參考[教材原句]Pronouns(it,they,she,etc.)refertosomethingorsomebodymentionedearlier.(P60)代詞(it,they,she等)指的是前面提到的某物或某人。【拓展】(1)refer...to...把……提交給……；讓(人)參考……referto...as...把……稱作……(2)referencen.提及，涉及；參考；參考書目referencebooks/material參考書/參考資料in/withreferenceto關(guān)于[指津]refer的過去式、過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞分別為referred,referred,referring?！窘?jīng)典練】【語境巧練】[寫出下列句中referto的含義](1)Althoughshedidn’tmentionanynames,everyoneknewwhoshewasreferringto.指的是(2)Youcanrefertoonlinearticlestocompleteyoureducation.參考(3)Pleaserefertothedictionaryifyoudon’tknowtheword.查閱(4)Weagreednevertorefertothematteragain.提到[單句語法填空](5)Peoplewhoworkinofficesareusuallyreferredtoas“whitecollarworkers”.(6)You’dbetterwritedownthephonenumberofthatrestaurantforfuturereference(refer).(7)Asthesituationwasunusual,hereferredthemattertotheeditor.(8)[寫美句]（2020全國Ⅰ作文話題）幾十年來，人們一直常常用“雷鋒”來指稱有奉獻精神的人。Fordecades,“LeiFeng”hasbeenthetypicalwayof___________________________.【寫作佳句】Thetextbooksanddictionariescanbeusedasreferencebookswhilethemagazinesserveasreadingmaterials.課本和詞典可以用作參考書籍,然而雜志只能當作閱讀材料。答案:(1)指的是(2)參考(3)查閱(4)提到(5)as(6)reference(7)to(8)referringtothosewhohavethespiritofdevotion考點8.dateback(to)追溯到……;始于……[教材原句]ItdatesbackseveralthousandyearstotheuseofLonggu—animalbonesandshellsonwhichsymbolswerecarvedbyancientChinesepeople.(P62)它可以追溯到幾千年前龍骨的使用時期——古代中國人民將符號刻到動物的骨頭和殼上?！就卣埂?1)datefrom追溯到；始于；起源于(2)outofdate過時的uptodate(with...)趕上(……的)潮流(3)setadatefor...確定……的日期makeadatewithsb.與某人約會/預(yù)約[指津](1)datebackto和datefrom一般無進行時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。(2)datebackto和datefrom作后置定語時，常用現(xiàn)在分詞形式?！窘?jīng)典練】單句語法填空①TheDragonBoatFestival,which________(date)backtotheWarringStatesPeriods,isoneofthefourmostimportantfestivalsinChina.②Everyoneshouldkeepongettinghimselfeducatedsoastobeup_____datewithmoderntechnology.[寫美句]——句式升級③NanHuatempleislocated22kilometersawayfromShaoguan,rightatriverbankofCaojianganditdatesbackto1500yearsago.____________________________,NanHuatempleislocated22kilometresawayfromShaoguan,rightattheriverbankofCanjiang.(分詞做作狀語）【寫作佳句】中國飲茶文化源遠流長,可以追溯到1000多年前。Chinesetea-drinkingculturehasalonghistorydatingbacktomorethan1,000yearsago.答案:①dates②to③Datingbackto1500yearsago考點9.relateto...與……相關(guān);涉及;談到[教材原句]Doeseachsentencerelatetothemainidea?(P67)每句話都與主旨有關(guān)嗎?【拓展】(1)relate...to...把……和……聯(lián)系起來berelatedto...和……有關(guān)/有聯(lián)系relateto...與……相關(guān);涉及;談到relatesthtosb向某人講述某事(2)relatedadj.相關(guān)的;有聯(lián)系的relationn.(relations)(人、團體、國家之間的)關(guān)系;[U,C]關(guān)聯(lián)in/withrelationto...與……有關(guān);涉及relationshipn.關(guān)系;聯(lián)系relativeadj.比較的;相對的n.親戚relativelyadv.相對地;相當?shù)亍窘?jīng)典練】[單句語法填空](1)Allthepapersthatrelate_______thissubjectarewrittenbyhim.(2)TheDutchlanguageisclosely_______(relate)toGerman.(3)Itisdifficult_______(relate)theseresultswith/toanyknowncases.

(4)Weseektoimprove_______(relate)betweenourtwocountries.[完成句子](5)它向我們傳遞一個信息:整體是由很多緊密相關(guān)的小的部分組成的。Itconveysamessagetous:Awholeismadeupofmanysmallparts_______________.答案:(1）to（2）related(3)torelate(4)relations(5)thatarecloselyrelated考點10.句型公式：the＋比較級(＋主語＋謂語),the＋比較級(＋主語＋謂語)……越……，(……)越……(教材原句)Itwasexerciseforthebrain;themoreIlearntofalanguage,themoremybrainwouldgrow.這是對大腦的鍛煉；我對一門語言的了解越多，我的大腦就會越發(fā)達?！就卣埂?1)the＋比較級，the＋比較級越……，就越……(2)themore...，theless...越……，越不……themore...，thebetter...……越多，……就越好(3)形容詞/副詞比較級＋and＋形容詞/副詞比較級越來越……【經(jīng)典練】[單句語法填空](1)Themoreyouknowaboutourtraditionalculture,themore(much)youareinterestedinit.(2)Themorecarefulyouare,thefewer(few)mistakesyouwillmake.(3)Theharder(hard)youwork,thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.(4）Themoredifficultthequestionis，the_________(likely)heisabletoanswerit.(5)Thehigheryouclimb，the________(far)youwillsee.[小話題寫作](6)我個人認為,教育就是學(xué)習,你學(xué)得越多,你為生活準備得就越多。AsfarasIamconcerned,educationisaboutlearningandthemoreyoulearn,themoreyouequipforyourlife.

[寫美句]——應(yīng)用文佳句（7）[北京卷，書面表達]你對我們的傳統(tǒng)文化的了解越多，你就對它越感興趣。Themoreyouknowaboutourtraditionalculture，_______________________it.【寫作佳句】Itwasourteacherwhoremindedusthatthemoreconfidentwewere，themorelikelyweweretosucceed.是我們的老師提醒我們：我們越自信，就越有可能成功。答案:(1)more(2)fewer(3)harder（4）lesslikely（5）farther（6）themoreyouequipforyourlife.

（7）themoreyouareinterestedin考點11.句型：nomatterwhere...“無論在哪里……”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句Eventoday,nomatterwhereChinesepeopleliveorwhatdialecttheyspeak，theycanallstillcommunicateinwriting.(教材P62)

即使在今天，不論住在哪里，也不論說何種方言，中國人都仍能通過書寫(文字)進行交流?！就卣埂?1)nomatterwhere,who,what,etc.意為“不論……;不管……”。(2)“nomatter+疑問詞”結(jié)構(gòu)與“疑問詞+-ever”在用法上的異同:①“nomatter+疑問詞”只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,不能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,可放在主句前或主句后。②whatever,whoever,whichever,whomever既可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,在引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時,相當于nomatterwhat/who/which/whom。③whenever,wherever,however引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時,相當于nomatterwhen/where/how,意為“無論何時/何地/如何”?！窘?jīng)典練】[完成句子](1)通過建立家庭博客,無論在哪里,我們都能便利地分享我們的經(jīng)歷。Bysettingupafamilyblog,wecanconvenientlyshareourexperiences_____________________.(2)無論何時我犯了錯誤,您總是耐心地指出來,并幫助我改正它。__________________Imadeamistake,youwerealwayspatienttopointitoutandhelpedmecorrectit.(3)貝蒂的主要優(yōu)勢是無論情況多么緊急她都能保持冷靜。Betty’smainstrengthisherabilitytokeepcalmnomatter____________________.(4)我們許諾,任何參加這個聚會的人都有跟那個電影明星合影的機會。Wepromise____________________hasachancetohaveaphototakenwiththemoviestar.[句式升級](5)Adeterminedpersonalwaystriestofinishthejob,nomatterhowharditis.→Adeterminedpersonalwaystriestofinishthejob,____________________.【寫作佳句】Everyyear,whoevermakesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.每年,制作最漂亮風箏的人都會在風箏節(jié)中獲獎。答案:(1)nomatterwhereweare(2)Nomatterwhen(3)howurgentthesituationis(4)whoeverattendstheparty(5)howeverharditis一．語法精講——限制性定語從句之關(guān)系副詞與介詞+關(guān)系代詞思維導(dǎo)圖關(guān)系副詞與關(guān)系代詞的易混點若先行詞為一些表示地點的抽象名詞，如situation,point,stage,position,part,condition,case等，且引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語，則常用關(guān)系副詞where或“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句。如果引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語、賓語或表語，則用關(guān)系代詞that/which引導(dǎo)。Ihavecometo