課本基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理（譯林牛津版）第10講 八上 Unit 3-4

PAGEPAGE9課本基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理（譯林牛津版）第10講八上Unit3-4基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)即時(shí)訓(xùn)練一、易錯(cuò)單詞1.訂貨 2.顯示器 3.鼠標(biāo) 4.腦 5.速度 6.公司 7.總額 8.廣告 9.車(chē)輪 10.四輪馬車(chē) 11.世紀(jì) 12.乘客 13.距離 14.翅膀 15.引言 16.比較 17.控制 18.依賴(lài) 19.操作 20.出售 21.創(chuàng)造 22.發(fā)明 23.開(kāi)發(fā) 24.昂貴的 25.微小的 26.受歡迎的 27.使人舒服的 28.適用的 29.特殊的 30.從……以來(lái) 二、詞匯測(cè)試i. 從下面每小題的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以替換劃線部分的最佳選項(xiàng)。1.—Whenwastheparkbuilt? —Aboutacenturyago. A.onehundredminutes B.onethousanddays C.onehundredyears2.Germsaresotinythatwecan’tseethem. A.verybig B.verycool C.verysmall3.—Howaboutthispairofshoes? —Itisexpensive. A.small B.big C.dear4.—Whatadvicedoyouhaveforme? —Youneedmoneyandtime,inaddition,youneedhardwork. A.however B.because C.besides5.She’salmost30yearsold. A.nearly B.hardly C.usually6.—Doyouknowhowtooperatethemachine? —Sorry,Idon’tknow. A.make...work B.make...stop C.make...see7.Theredsofainthelivingroomiscomfortable. A.hard B.soft C.big8.Theywereunawareofthedangertheywerein. A.didn’tstop B.didn’trealize C.didn’tsayii. 根據(jù)句子意思，從下面每小題的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~語(yǔ)完成句子。9.A/An______meansthepartthatcomesatthebeginningandtellsyouwhattherestofthebookisabout. A.introduction B.invention C.support10.—Shallwegoforapicnictomorrow? —Well,itall______ontheweather. A.puts B.depends C.controls11.Theexplorersmadeacampfireto______wildanimals. A.keepoff B.keepon C.keepup12.YouthinkstudyingEnglishwellisdifficult,butweknowinterestcanbe______anyway. A.found B.showed C.developed13.—It’sinterestingto______thesetwocars. —Iagreewithyou.Theylookdifterentinsomeways. A.compare B.realize C.promise三、詞組英漢互譯1.workas 2.沒(méi)意識(shí)到 3.inaddition 4.依靠 5.grandtotal 6.期待 7.sincethen 8.與……保持聯(lián)系 9.inthedaytime 10.使……不接近 11.atthesametime 12.代替 13.beshortof 14.數(shù)百萬(wàn)的 四、課文語(yǔ)法填空根據(jù)所學(xué)課文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語(yǔ)法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號(hào)中詞語(yǔ)的正確形式填空。Thefirstcomputerswerebiggerthancarsin1.________1940s,but2.________(today)computersarebecomingsmallerand3.________(good).Someofthemaresosmallthatwemaybe4.________(aware)ofthem.Wecanusecomputerstocalculate,helptypeanddrawthingsanddo5.________(importance)jobssuchasoperatingrailwaysand6.________(fly)planesandspaceships.Onedaycomputersmaybeable7.________(do)betterjobsthanman,buttheycan’tbeclevererthanman8.________mancancomeupwithnew9.________(idea).However,westillcan’thelpthinking:What10.________(happen)tousifcomputerscandoallourjobs?Willtheymakeourlivesbetter?必考詞匯背記1. comparev.:discoverthedifferencesandsimilaritiesbetweenthings比較；對(duì)比作為一個(gè)悲劇作家，他無(wú)法和莎士比亞相比。

常用短語(yǔ)compare...with...把……和……相比compare...to...把……比作……2. controln.&v.:makesth.dowhatyouwantittodo操縱；控制Helostcontrolofhiscar.他的車(chē)失控了。Idon’tknowhowtocontrolthemachine.我不知道怎樣操作那臺(tái)機(jī)器。

拓展incontrol(of)掌控著losecontrol失去控制underthecontrolof在……控制之下outofcontrol失去控制3. dependv.:rely;besupportedby依靠；依賴(lài)Youcan’tdependonyourparentsforever.你不能永遠(yuǎn)依賴(lài)你的父母。Alllivingthingsdependonthesunfortheirgrowth.萬(wàn)物生長(zhǎng)靠太陽(yáng)。

常用短語(yǔ)dependon依靠

拓展dependencen.依賴(lài)；依靠dependentadj.依靠的；依賴(lài)的independentadj.獨(dú)立的4. beunawareof:notrealize沒(méi)認(rèn)識(shí)到；未察覺(jué)Hemaybeunawareofhisrudeness.他可能沒(méi)意識(shí)到他的粗魯。Shewasunawareofthedanger.她沒(méi)有意識(shí)到危險(xiǎn)。

反義詞組beawareof意識(shí)到

拓展awarenessn.意識(shí)unawarenessn.沒(méi)認(rèn)識(shí)到；未覺(jué)察到5. createv.:make創(chuàng)造；創(chuàng)作Godcreatedtheworld.上帝創(chuàng)造了世界。Anovelistcreatescharactersandaplot.小說(shuō)家塑造人物并設(shè)計(jì)情節(jié)。

拓展creativeadj.有創(chuàng)造力的 creativelyadv.創(chuàng)造地creativityn.創(chuàng)造力 creationn.創(chuàng)造6. developv.:increaseorbecomelargerormorecomplete開(kāi)發(fā)；發(fā)展Webelievethatsportscandevelopmindandbody.我們認(rèn)為運(yùn)動(dòng)可促進(jìn)身心發(fā)展。Theydecidedtodevelopanewproduct.他們決定開(kāi)發(fā)一種新產(chǎn)品。

常用短語(yǔ)developingcountry發(fā)展中國(guó)家developedcountry發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家

拓展developmentn.發(fā)展7. specialadj.:notordinary特殊的；特別的Thislockhasaspecialkey.這個(gè)鎖有把特別的鑰匙。Todayisaspecialday.今天是一個(gè)特殊的日子。

拓展speciallyadv.特別地；專(zhuān)門(mén)地specialistn.專(zhuān)家8.introductionA.n.:sth.thatleadsthemainpartofsth.引言Theintroductiontellsyouhowtousethebook.引言告訴你怎樣使用這本書(shū)。B.n.:formalpresentationofonepersontoanother介紹；引見(jiàn)Hegiveusabriefintroductionabouthiscompany.他向我們簡(jiǎn)要介紹了一下他的公司。

拓展introducev.介紹Youcanintroducehertoyournewfriends.你可以把她介紹給你的新朋友。9. insteadof:inplaceof代替；頂替WewenttotheBiologyclassinsteadofattendingtheEnglishclass.我們?nèi)ド仙镎n而不去上英語(yǔ)課。

辨析instead,insteadofinstead是副詞，側(cè)重指“取而代之”，往往位于句子開(kāi)頭或句末。如：Givemethisinstead.insteadof是介詞詞組，意為“代替；而不是”，其后跟名詞、代詞、v.+ing形式或介詞短語(yǔ)。如：Manyyoungpeoplelikepopsongsinsteadoffolksongs.許多年輕人喜歡流行音樂(lè)而不是民歌。10. keepintouchwith:beincontactwithsb.與……保持聯(lián)系Wekeepintouchwitheachotherbye-mail.我們通過(guò)電子郵件保持聯(lián)系。DoyoustillkeepintouchwithTom?你還和湯姆保持聯(lián)系嗎？

同義詞組communicatewith與……聯(lián)系

拓展keep...off使……不接近 keepupwith跟上keepawayfrom遠(yuǎn)離 keepquiet保持安靜keephealthy保持健康 keeptherecord保持紀(jì)錄寫(xiě)作句型運(yùn)用1.

例句Ononehand,itbringsusalotofconvenienceandhappiness.Ontheotherhand,italsobringsustroubles.一方面，它帶給我們?cè)S多便利和快樂(lè)；另一方面，它也帶給我們麻煩。

用法ononehand...,ontheotherhand...一般是用于提出兩個(gè)相反的事物和看法，也用于對(duì)比不同的事物。

運(yùn)用她一方面教英語(yǔ)，另一方面學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)。（漢譯英）_______________________________________________2.however然而；但是

例句However,somestudentsplaygames,chatwithfriends,andevensurftheunhealthywebsitesontheInternetthewholeday.然而，一些學(xué)生一整天都在網(wǎng)上玩游戲，和朋友聊天，甚至瀏覽不健康的網(wǎng)站。

用法however副詞，表示轉(zhuǎn)折，通常用逗號(hào)與句子其他成分隔開(kāi)。

運(yùn)用我們都已盡了最大的努力，然而我們還是輸了比賽。（漢譯英）_______________________________________________寫(xiě)作模板狂背類(lèi)型：科學(xué)與技術(shù)典例：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的利弊模板：Internetisnowcomingintoourlife.Ononehand,itbringsusalotofconvenienceandhappiness.Ontheotherhand,italsobringsustroubles.SomestudentsusetheInternetasatooltostudy.Theylookupthemeaningsofthewords,thebackgroundofaneventorastory,etc.Internethelpsthemlearnmoreandstudywell.However,somestudentsplaygames,chatwithfriends,andevensurftheunhealthywebsitesontheInternetthewholeday.Theyarenotinterestedintheirsubjects.It’sverydangerousforthem!Inmyopinion,weshouldmakegooduseoftheInternetandstayawayfromtheunhealthywebsites.[真題鏈接]11.Mysisterisoldenoughtodress______now.（2021年長(zhǎng)沙市中考）A.himself B.herself C.myself2.Itonly_______mehalfanhour_______toschooleverydaylastterm.（2021甘肅白銀）A.takes;ridingB.spent;torideC.cost;walkD.took;towalk3.Don’tforget______thankswhenotherpeoplehelpyou.（2021年河北省中考）A.accept B.toaccept C.say D.tosay[真題鏈接]21.Wearehappytoseeourcityisdeveloping________theseyearsthanbefore.（2021年臨沂市中考）A.quickly B.themostquicklyC.veryquickly D.morequickly2.Airpollutionhasbecome__________thaneverbefore.Wemustdosomethingtostopit.（2021年上海市中考）A.serious B.moreseriousC.mostserious D.themostserious3.MoYanisoneof_____writersintheworld.（2021年天津市中考）A.famousB.morefamousC.mostfamousD.themostfamous[真題鏈接]31.（2021年黃岡中考）－Putsomebutteronasliceofbreadandaddateaspoonofbutter.Whatelse?－Next,______sometomatoes.A.cutupB.cutsupC.tocutupD.cuttingup2.Tom’smothertoldhim_______eatingtoomuchmeat.（2021黔西南州中考）A.stoppingB.tostopC.stopsD.stopped3.—Howdoyoulikethetwopairsofshorts?(2021年山東省濱州市中考）—Theydon’tfitmewell.Theyaretoolongtooshort.A.notonly;butalsoB.both;andC.neither;norD.either;or第十講?基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)即時(shí)訓(xùn)練答案一、1.order2.monitor3.mouse4.brain5.speed6.company7.total8.advertisement9.wheel10.carriage11.century12.passenger13.distance14.wing15.introduction16.compare17.control18.depend19.operate20.sell21.create22.invent23.develop24.expensive25.tiny26.popular27.comfortable28.practical29.special30.since二、i.CCCCAABBii.ABACA三、1.從事……工作2.beunawareof3.除……之外（還）4.dependon5.總計(jì)；共計(jì)6.lookforwardto7.自從那以來(lái)8.keepintouchwith9.在白天10.keep...off11.同時(shí)12.insteadof13.缺乏……14.millionsof四、1.the2.today’s3.better4.unaware5.important6.flying7.todo8.because9.ideas10.willhappen寫(xiě)作句型運(yùn)用1.Ontheonehand,sheteachesEngli