2024秋高中英語Unit2PoemsSectionⅢGrammar-虛擬語氣Ⅱ?qū)W案含解析新人教版選修6

PAGEUnit2PoemsSectionⅢGrammar——虛擬語氣(Ⅱ)一、與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣從句主句if＋主語＋had＋過去分詞主語＋should/would/could/mighthave＋過去分詞如：Iftheweatherhadbeenniceyesterday,wewouldhavegoneforapicnic.假如昨每天氣好的話，我們就去野餐了。Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youcouldhavecaughtthebus.假如你早一點(diǎn)兒來的話，你就能趕上公交車了。二、虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的應(yīng)用1．賓語從句(1)在表示建議、要求、愿望、吩咐、堅(jiān)持(advise,command,demand,decide,desire,insist,order,prefer,propose,request,require,suggest)等動(dòng)詞后面的賓語從句，或這些動(dòng)詞的同源名詞后面所跟的同位語從句或表語從句中，從句謂語用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，其中在美式英語中，should常省略。如：Thedoctoradvisedthathechangehisjob.醫(yī)生建議他換工作?！緶剀疤崾尽慨?dāng)suggest表示“示意、表明”以及insist表示“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為、堅(jiān)持說”時(shí)，其后賓語從句表示一種事實(shí)，故不用虛擬語氣，而用陳述語氣。如：Heinsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.他堅(jiān)持說自己沒有偷錢?！厩蓪W(xué)助記】一堅(jiān)持(insist)二吩咐(order,command)三建議(advise,suggest,propose)四要求(demand,require,request,desire)(2)“wish＋賓語從句”表示不行能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，漢語可譯為“惋惜……；悔不該……；但愿……”。表示現(xiàn)在不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式；表示將來不行能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望用“would/could＋動(dòng)詞原形”；表示過去不行能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望時(shí)用“had＋過去分詞”。如：IwishIwerebetter-looking.要是我長得再美麗些就好了。IwishIhadmetthefilmstarjustnow.我要是剛才遇到那位電影明星該多好啊！IwishIwouldbeasoldier.我希望自己做一名軍人。2．主語從句(1)在Itis＋形容詞(important,necessary,good,right,wrong,better,natural,proper,funny,strange,surprising)＋that從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞的虛擬語氣用“(should)＋動(dòng)詞原形”的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Itisnaturalthatshe(should)doso.很自然她應(yīng)當(dāng)這樣做。(2)Itbe＋過去分詞＋that...(should)．..。用于該結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞是表示“建議、懇求、吩咐”等詞的過去分詞。如：desired,suggested,requested,ordered,proposed等。如：Itisdesiredthatthebuildingofthehousebecompletednextmonth.真希望這所房子在下個(gè)月前就能竣工。(3)用于“Itis/was＋名詞＋that引導(dǎo)的主語從句”句型中，常見的名詞有①表示“驚異、懷疑、缺憾”等意義的名詞詞組：asurprise,apity,ashame,awonder等。②表示“懇求、吩咐、建議、決心”等意義的名詞：advice,demand,decision,order,proposal,requirement,suggestion等。如：Itwasasurprisethatsheshouldresignfromsuchaposition.讓人驚異的是，她竟然從這樣一個(gè)崗位上離開了。3．表語從句(1)用于asif,asthough引導(dǎo)的表語從句中，asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的表語從句假如表示事實(shí)或接近事實(shí)，則其謂語動(dòng)詞用真實(shí)語氣?！緶剀疤崾尽繉ΜF(xiàn)在或?qū)淼奶摂M：用一般過去時(shí)(did/were)。對過去的虛擬：用過去完成時(shí)(haddone)。如：Thewomanappearedasifsheweretheirmother.這個(gè)女人就似乎是他們的媽媽一樣。Helookedasifhehadknowntheresult.他看上去似乎已經(jīng)知道了這一結(jié)果一樣。(2)asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句可用陳述語氣，也可用虛擬語氣。(3)表示“建議、要求、吩咐”等的名詞。如：advice,idea,order,demand,plan,proposal,suggestion,request，其后所接的表語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用虛擬語氣。如：Mysuggestionisthatthemeetingshouldn'tbeputoff.我的建議是不應(yīng)當(dāng)推遲會(huì)議。4．同位語從句與表示“確定、主見、建議、要求、吩咐”等的動(dòng)詞相對應(yīng)的名詞如decision,idea,advice,order,demand,plan,proposal,suggestion,request,requirement等，其后所接的同位語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用虛擬語氣。如：HemadeasuggestionthattheyshouldholdanEnglishspeechcontest.他提議他們實(shí)行一次英語演講競賽。三、其他形式的虛擬語氣1．“It'stimethat...”句型中的虛擬語氣在“It'stimethat...”句型中，從句謂語通常用一般過去時(shí)或should＋動(dòng)詞原形，意為“(早)該做某事了”。如：It'shightimethatwewereoff.是我們該走的時(shí)候了。2．在wouldrather，would(just)assoon,wouldsooner和wouldprefer結(jié)構(gòu)中，也用虛擬語氣。共同特點(diǎn)是：從句中動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)，表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)硪龅氖?；用過去完成時(shí)，表示過去的狀況。如：I'dratheryoulefttomorrow.我更希望你明天再走。Iwouldjustassoonyouhadtoldmethetruthyesterday.要是你昨天告知我真相就好了。Iwouldratherhaveboughtthedictionary.我要是買了那本字典該多好。表示“祝?！睍r(shí)，常用“may＋主語＋動(dòng)詞原形＋其他”。如：Mayyouhaveagoodjourney!祝你一路順風(fēng)！Mayyouryouthlastforever!祝你青春永駐?、?同義句轉(zhuǎn)換1．Youdidn'tseethedoctorintime.Therefore,youhaveaworsecoldnow.→Youwouldn't_have_hadaworsecoldifyouhadseenthedoctorintime.2．Allthestudentsmustwearschooluniforms,whichisrequiredintheschoolrules.→Itisrequiredthatallthestudents(should)_wearschooluniforms.3．It'stimeforyoutogotobed.→It'shightimethatyou_went/should_gotobed.4．Wewerewillingtofacethedifficultytogether,butwhydidn'tyoutellus?→Wecould_have_facedthedifficultytogetherifyouhadtoldus.5．Theregularly-closedbackdooroftheroomisopennow,whichisreallystrange.→It'sreallystrangethattheregularly-closedbackdooroftheroom(should)_be_opennow.Ⅱ.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1．IfonlyIhad_looked(look)aheadafewdaysago!ThenIwouldn'thavebeenfeelingsoworried.2．It'shightimethatwedid/should_do(do)morningexercises.3．Teachersrecommendparentsshouldn't_allow(notallow)theirchildrenunder12toridebicyclestoschoolforsafety.4．Itisstrangethatheshould_have_finished(finish)homeworknow.Itisonly7o'clock.5．Itisnecessarythathe(should)_come(come)intimetoattendthemeeting.6．Jane'spalefacesuggestedthatshewas(be)ill,andherparentssuggestedthatshe(should)_have(have)amedicalexamination.7．Theytalkedasiftheyhad_been(be)friendsforyears.8．Itisapitythatyoushould_have_missed(miss)thefilm.9．SoIsuggestthatyou(should)_take(take)yourfriends'advice.10．Afterwelanded,aspassengersstreamedpastus,Iinsistedthatthelady(should)_move(move)asidewhileawaitingherwheelchair.Ⅲ.句型訓(xùn)練1．HetalksaboutRomeas_if_he_had_been_there_before(似乎他以前去過似