2024秋高中英語Module4ASocialSurvey-MyNeighbourhoodSectionⅡGrammar-現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)學(xué)案含解析外研版必修1

PAGE1-Module4ASocialSurvey--MyNeighbourhoodSectionⅡGrammar——現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)[語法圖解][課文原句感知]①It'sbeensixyearssincewelastsaweachother,youknow.②AndthisisthefirsttimeI'vevisitedyourhometown.③I'veseenquitealotofChinaandI'vevisitedsomebeautifulcities.④ButthisisoneofthemostattractiveplacesI'vebeento.⑤They'veputupalotofhigh-risebuildingsrecently.⑥Mywife'sjustboughtabeautifuldressfromoneoftheshopsthere.⑦XiaoLihaslivedinXiamenallhislife.⑧Thefamilyhavelivedinthetownfortwentyyears.⑨Uptonow,I'veunderstoodeverythingtheteachersaid.⑩HehasgonetotheGreatWall.[語法領(lǐng)悟](1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成是：have/has＋過去分詞。(2)由例句①可知，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可與since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句連用。(3)由例句⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨可知，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可與時(shí)間狀語recently,_just,_allhislife,for_twenty_years,_up_to_now連用。(4)由例句④和⑩可知，have/has_been_to表示“曾經(jīng)去過(某地)”；have/has_gone_to表示“已經(jīng)去了(某地)，去而未歸”。一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成確定句主語＋have/has＋過去分詞否定句主語＋have/hasnot＋過去分詞疑問句Have/Has＋主語＋過去分詞被動(dòng)句主語＋have/hasbeen＋過去分詞[即學(xué)即練1]按要求改寫句子Theyhavebuiltanotherhospitalinthearea.→Theyhaven'tbuiltanotherhospitalinthearea,yet.(否定句)→Havetheybuiltanotherhospitalinthearea？(疑問句)→Anotherhospitalhasbeenbuilt(bythem)inthearea.(被動(dòng)句)二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法(一)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的3個(gè)主要用法1．表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。常與recently,before,lately,just,already,yet,sofar,uptonow,tillnow,inthepast/last...years,thesedays等時(shí)間狀語連用。—Haveyouhadlunchyet?——你(已經(jīng))吃午飯了嗎？—Yes，Ihave.I'vejusthadit.——是的，我吃了。我剛剛吃過。(現(xiàn)在我不餓了)Hehasbeentherethreetimesinthelastfewyears.近幾年他去過那里三次了。2．表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)過去已經(jīng)起先，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(可能還會(huì)接著進(jìn)行下去)。常與表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用如：for＋一段時(shí)間，since＋過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)，sincethen,eversince,uptonow,sofar等。MrWanghasworkedinthisfactorysincehecametothiscity.自從到這個(gè)城市以來，王先生始終在這家工廠工作。Shehastaughtintheschoolfortenyears.她在這所學(xué)校教書已經(jīng)10年了。[名師點(diǎn)津]在確定句中，非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞如come,go,leave,borrow,buy,die,join等的完成時(shí)不能與時(shí)間段連用，若要接時(shí)間段狀語，則應(yīng)換成相應(yīng)的持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞。但在否定句中，非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)可與時(shí)間段連用。Ihaveboughtanewcarfortwoweeks.(×)Ihavehadanewcarfortwoweeks.(√)我買了這輛新車已經(jīng)兩周了。3．在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中可用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表將來要完成的動(dòng)作。Don'tgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.直到公交車停下才能下車。Hewillcomeassoonashehasfinishedhiswork.他一做完工作就會(huì)來。(二)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的三個(gè)常用句型1．Itis/hasbeen＋一段時(shí)間＋since＋一般過去時(shí)“自從……以來多久了”Itis/hasbeentwoweekssincewearrivedhere.自從我們到這里已經(jīng)有兩星期了。2．This/Itisthefirst/second...time(that)＋現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)“這是某人第一/二……次做某事”ItisthethirdtimethatIhaveseenthefilm.這是我第三次看這部電影了。3．在“This/Itisthe＋形容詞最高級(jí)＋名詞＋that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveread.這是我看過的最好的書。[即學(xué)即練2](1)選詞填空：for,since①M(fèi)yaunthasworkedinAustraliafor15years.②Margaretisinheroffice.Shehasbeentheresince7o'clock.③Mikehasbeenillforalongtime.HehasbeeninhospitalsinceOctober.(2)單句語法填空①Jimhas_finished(finish)hishomeworkalready.Heisfreenow.②Don'tgetoutoftheroomuntiltherainhas_stopped(stop)．③Wehave_stayed(stay)hereforthreeweeks.三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)分1．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，落腳點(diǎn)是現(xiàn)在。HehaslivedinBeijingforfouryears.他在北京住了四年了。(可能接著住下去)2．一般過去時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，與現(xiàn)在的狀況沒有關(guān)系。與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如yesterday，lastyear，inthepast，ago等。HelivedinBeijingforfouryears.他在北京住過四年。(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里住了)[即學(xué)即練3]對(duì)比翻譯1．我們參觀過這所學(xué)校。(說明現(xiàn)在對(duì)這所學(xué)校有所了解)We_have_visited_the_school.2．我們上周參觀了這所學(xué)校。(只說明上周參觀學(xué)校這個(gè)動(dòng)作)We_visited_the_school_last_week.3．她在這所學(xué)校任教20年了。(可能剛調(diào)走，還可能接著教下去)She_has_taught_in_this_school_for_twenty_years.4．她曾在這所學(xué)校任教20年。(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里任教了)She_taught_in_this_school_for_twenty_years.鏈接高考——單句語法填空1．(2024·北京)China'shigh-speedrailwayshave_grown(grow)from9,000to25,000kilometersinthepastfewyears.2．(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)Since2011，thecountryhas_grown(grow)morecornthanrice.3．(2024·浙江)Whileregularlyeatingoutseemstohave_become(become)commonformanyyoungpeopleinrecentyears,it'snotwithoutacost.4．(2024·北京)Ihave_read(read)halfoftheEnglishnovel,andI'lltrytofinishitattheweekend.5．(2024·江蘇)—HowmuchdoyouknowabouttheYouthOlympicGamestobeheldinNanjing?—Well,themediahave_covered(cover)itinavarietyofforms.6．(2013·北京)Shakespeare'splayHamlethas_been_made(make)intoatleasttendifferentfilmsoverthepastyears.7．(2013·山東)—Ohno!We'retoolate.Thetrainhas_left(leave)．—That'sOK.We'llcatchthenexttraintoLondon.8．(2013·浙江)Duringthelastthreedecades,thenumberofpeopleparticipatinginphysicalfitnessprogramshas_increased(increase)