沖刺2022年高考-語法填空專訓-謂語非謂語(四)

沖刺2022年高考語法填空專訓（四）謂語非謂語妙法應對玩轉百變動詞動詞是歷年高考的必考點，對動詞有關知識的掌握是考生在語法填空中得高分的關鍵。動詞的形式變化比較多，有謂語形式的變化(如時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致及虛擬語氣)、非謂語形式的變化(如不定式、動名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)及詞性轉換。第一節(jié)謂語動詞(時態(tài)、語態(tài)與主謂一致)如何判斷填謂語動詞解題攻略?第一步：確定是否作謂語首先，分析句子結構，若句中無謂語動詞，或者雖然已有謂語動詞，但空處所需詞與之是并列關系時，空處就用謂語動詞。?第二步：若填謂語動詞，就要考慮時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致：①看“時間”定時態(tài)(注意語境中暗含的時間狀語)；②看“主語”定語態(tài)(看主語是否為動作的發(fā)出者)；③看人稱和數(shù)，確保主謂一致典例印證[典例][2021·全國卷甲]TheXi'anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywallthathassurvivedChina'slonghistory.It__41__(build)originallytoprotectthecity42.intheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修復).分析：第一步：確定填謂語。分析句子成分可知，空處和“hasnowbeencompletelyrestored”作并列謂語。第二步：考慮時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。有時間狀語“intheTangdynasty”可知發(fā)生在過去，根據(jù)主語“it(theXi'anCityWall)”與動詞build之間是被動關系，故用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。技法1提示詞為動詞時，確定時態(tài)的四根據(jù)典例導引1.[2021·新高考全國卷Ⅰ]Youcan'thelpwonderinghowhardit________(be)forthepeoplethentoputallthoserocksintoplace.解析：考查時態(tài)。句中有時間狀語then,因此這里說的是當初人們把那些石頭放在固定的位置上(即做成石頭臺階)很難?？旖菟季S1.慧眼識別標志詞在題干中，yesterday，tomorrow，always，since，inthepastfewyears，sofar等都是判定動詞時態(tài)常用的標志性時間狀語，做題時可以通過尋找時間標志詞來判定時態(tài)。典例導引2.[2020·全國卷Ⅲ]Whenheaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary(傳奇的)artist,theysmiledand________(point)downtheriver.解析：考查時態(tài)?？仗幣csmiled構成并列謂語，故用一般過去時。自主解答：________快捷思維2.瞻前顧后找并列表示并列關系的謂語動詞往往時態(tài)一致，如：and，but，notonly...butalso引導的句子時態(tài)相呼應，應該一致。典例導引3.[2020·浙江卷7月]Thisstyleoffarminglastedforquitealongtime.Then，withtheriseofscience，changesbegan.Newmethods________(mean)thatfewerpeopleworkedinfarming.解析：考查動詞的時態(tài)。結合句意可知，Newmethods與mean是主謂關系，同時結合前兩句的時態(tài)為一般過去時，故填meant。自主解答：________快捷思維3.通過“語境暗示”解決時態(tài)問題有些題目在時間狀語和其他參照物都不明顯的情況下，通過正確理解語境即通過題干中的語境暗示，也是解決時態(tài)問題的一條行之有效的方法。典例導引4.[2021·沈陽監(jiān)測]ThiswasthefirsttimeI________(experience)sandstormsandIdon'teverwanttobeinoneagain.解析：此題考查固定句式“Thiswasthefirsttimethatsb.haddonesth.”因此，從句用過去完成時。自主解答：________快捷思維4.通過“常用句式”解決時態(tài)問題掌握常用句式也是解決時態(tài)問題的快速且行之有效的方式，因此平時要積累并熟記一些常用句式?！炯挤c金】牢記常見固定句式中的時態(tài)1．was/weredoing...when＋一般過去時2．was/wereabouttodo...when＋一般過去時3．had(just)done...when＋一般過去時4．Hardly＋had＋主語＋done...when＋一般過去時5．Nosooner＋had＋主語＋done...when＋一般過去時6．This/That/Itisthe＋序數(shù)詞＋time＋that＋現(xiàn)在完成時7．This/That/Itwasthe＋序數(shù)詞＋time＋that＋過去完成時8．Itis/hasbeen＋時間段＋since＋一般過去時【過關檢測】1．[2021·西安中學第二次仿真練習]Sincethe1980s,withthequickeningofurbanization,manytraditionalhouses________(disappear).2．[2021·泰安市第四次模擬]ThebeautifulsceneryandvarioustraditionalcustomsofLiangshanYiAutonomousPrefecture(行政區(qū))________(bring)greatresourcestothelocaltourismindustryinthepastdecade.3．[2021·遼寧省“名校交流”聯(lián)考]Thatpromisemaybeyearsawayfromrealizationbutrapidtypingenabledbybioprintingatpresent________(push)medicaladvancesforwardatpace.4．[2020·浙江7月]Byabout6000BC,people________(discover)thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.5．[2020·江蘇高考改編]There,henotonlydidwellasastudentbutalso________(become)anaccomplishedpublicspeaker.6．[2021·江西省重點中學盟校第一次聯(lián)考]Asaresult,asthenumberofqubits(量子位)________(increase),thecomputingabilityofquantumcomputersrisestoo.7．[2021·梧州一模]Isaytohimwithacheerfulsmile，“Gotoexerciseandyou________(feel)better.”8．[2021·濟寧模擬]Therefore,itishightimethatwe________(take)effectivemeasurestoimprovethecurrentsituation.技法2提示詞為動詞時，明確邏輯關系定語態(tài)典例導引1.[2021·全國甲卷]TheXi'anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywallthathassurvivedChina'slonghistory.It61.________(build)originallytoprotectthecity62.intheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修復).解析：考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。分析句子結構可知，空處在句中作謂語，與主語it構成動賓關系，故用被動語態(tài)；且根據(jù)originally可知，此處描述的是過去的情況，故用一般過去時。自主解答：________快捷思維分析句子結構，發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作謂語，與主語之間是主動關系時，應考慮用主動語態(tài)，若是被動關系，則考慮用被動語態(tài)。典例導引2.ThebookswhichwerewrittenbyZhouMeisen,afamouswriterinJiangsu,________(sell)well.解析：根據(jù)句意可知，sell在此處表示事物所具有的特征，應用主動形式。自主解答：________快捷思維分析句子結構，發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作謂語，且表示的是主語所具有的特征時，應考慮用主動形式表示被動意義。【過關檢測】1．[2021·銀川市高三考前適應性訓練一]Newly-developedroboticarms____________(show)onTuesdayineastChina'sAnhuiProvince.2．[2021·安徽師大附中5月模擬]Muchoftheexistingwater____________(filter)alreadybyaprocessdesignedtoremovemorethan62radioactivecontaminants.3．[2021·成都市一診模擬]Bornin712,DuFulivedthroughtheviolentfallofChina'sbrilliantTangDynasty.Hehadthedesiretoservehiscountry,buthislife____________(destroy)bytheAnLushanRebellionof755.4．[2020·浙江1月高考]Peopletendtofocusonthefirstfactor.However,greaterattentionshould____________(place)onlongevity(長壽).5．[2021·成都七中高三熱身]Almostanythingcould____________(paint)onzheshan,butthemostpopularonesusuallyfeaturedlandscapes.6．ThebookswhichwerewrittenbyZhouMeisen,afamouswriterinJiangsu,________(sell)outhere.技法3提示詞為動詞時，確定主謂一致的三原則典例導引1.[2020·新高考山東卷]Often,onlyasmallpartofamuseum'scollection________(be)ondisplay.Mostofitisstoredawayorusedforresearch.解析：考查一般現(xiàn)在時和主謂一致。根據(jù)時間狀語Often可知該句應用一般現(xiàn)在時，設空處為謂語動詞，主語為“onlyasmallpartofamuseum'scollection”，是單數(shù)形式，故此處用is。自主解答：________快捷思維分析句子結構，發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作謂語，要考慮語法一致原則確定謂語動詞單復數(shù)。牢記：1．可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。2．v.-ing作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。典例導引2.[2021·廈門市質量檢測]Walkingtowork,takingpartinanonlineexerciseprogramormeetingwithfriendsforawalkalso________(work)toeasilygetmorephysicalactivity.解析：考查一般現(xiàn)在時和主謂一致。此處描述客觀事實，應用一般現(xiàn)在時。并列主語用or連接時，主謂一致遵循“就近原則”。“meetingwithfriendsforawalk”為動名詞，所以謂語動詞應用第三人稱單數(shù)。自主解答：________快捷思維1.就近原則：由or;either...or...，neither...nor...，notonly...butalso...等連接的并列主語，謂語動詞常與最近的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。2．就遠原則：主語后跟有with，togetherwith，aswellas，but，except，alongwith，ratherthan等引起的短語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)要與前面的主語保持一致。典例導引3.Thefamilyaswellastheirdog________(trap)ontheroofbythefloodyesterday.解析：分析句子結構可知，trap在句中作謂語，主語是thefamily,在此指的是一家人，根據(jù)意義一致原則，應用復數(shù)形式。自主解答：________快捷思維分析句子結構，發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作謂語，主語是集體名詞時，要考慮主謂一致原則確定其單復數(shù)。集體名詞看作整體時，謂語用單數(shù)形式，看作個體時，謂語用復數(shù)形式?！具^關檢測】1．[2021·咸陽市高考模擬]Eventhoughthere________(be)moreopportunitiestogooutanddofunthingsinthecity,itmaytakefocusawayfromyourstudies.2．[2021·新鄉(xiāng)市三模]Whatyouseenow________(be)justtheshadowofalargerancestraldistribution.3．[2021·山西太原高三押寶題]GrainBuds,(Chinese:小滿),the8thsolartermofayear，________(mean)thattheseedsfromthegrainarebecomingfullbutarenotripe.4．[2021·湖北省黃岡市高三調研]Practicing,tosumup,________(be)ofgreatestimportanceforthosewhoaredeterminedtolearnknowledgewell.5．[2021·湖南長郡中學模擬]ThetraditionalChinesemarriageusually________(involve)somenecessaryprocedures，suchasmatch-making，engagement，meetingthebride，andthreebows.6．[2021·寧波九校聯(lián)考]It'ssaidthatnotgettingenoughsleep________(lead)topoorjudgment，lackofcreativity，andevendepression.Test1[2021·昆明市高三“三診一?！盷Theideaofinvitingthepublictotakepartinscientificstudiesisknownas“citizenscience”.Anyone1.________helpsscientistsdothejobiscalleda“citizenscientist”.Whatcanyougetifyoubecomeacitizenscientist?Asenseofpurpose!Citizenscienceprojectscanhelpyoumakegooduseof2.________(you)time.Funtimes!Youneverknowwhatmight3.________(find).Moreeducation!Learnaboutsome4.________(attract)thingswhiledoingscientificjobs.Whenyou'rehavingfunintheparkandseeabird,whynottakeapictureofit?Withasimpleclick,youcouldbehelpingscientists!ShanghaiNaturalHistoryMuseumhas5.________app.Peoplecanuploadsounds,6.________(photo)andlocationsofanimalsiftheyseethemaroundtheircity.Scientistscanusethesedata7.________(study)cityanimalsandbetterprotectthem.Infact,peoplejustlikeyoucanhelpoutwithmanyscientificstudies.Forexample,scientistsalwaysspendmanyyears8.________(discover)everykindofladybug(瓢蟲)intheworld.Butifweshareourownpicturesofladybugswithscientists,theycanfindthemmuch9.________(fast).Asoneoldsayinggoes,“Manyhandsmakelightwork.”O(jiān)fcourse,thereismoretostudythanjustanimals.Therearemanyotherfunprojects,such10.________watchingstarsandclouds,countingpenguinsandevenlisteningtolaughs.You'llfindthatscienceisfunandisforeveryone!Test2[2021·貴陽市學期監(jiān)測]“Awonderfulexperience.Thestaffatthehotelmadeeverythingeasyandcomfortable.Weonlyhadalongweekend,andwishithadbeen1.________(long).I'malreadywondering2.________Icanvisitagain，”KarenB,atouristfromAustralia,describesherstayatTeaCozyonTripAdvisor.The“hotel”sheisreferringtois3.________(actual)ahomestay(家庭寄宿)inYangshuo,whichnow4.________(have)around1，000homestays.AsoneofChina'searlytouristdestinationstoopenuptotheworldintheearly1980s,Yangshuogot5.________(it)firsthomestayinthemid-1980s.Ithasnowgrownintoanindustry.WuJianyuan,a30-year-oldfromJiwoduvillageinYangshuoreturned6.________herhometowntoworkasafrontdeskmanageratahomestayafter7.________(gain)experienceofworkinginhotelsinGuangdongandJiangsu8.________(province).“Thepaymentisbetterhere.Lifeandworkarestable,andYangshuoisnotonly9.________beautifulplace,butmyhometoo，”shesays.WuisoneofthemanyworkersfromYangshuowhoreturnedtoworkinherhometown.ThetourismindustryisrecoveringquicklyastheCOVID-19haslargely10.________(control)inChina.ThebookingrateathomestaysinYangshuo,particularlythehigh-endones,hasalmostreturnedtothepre-pandemiclevel.Test3[2021·河南、廣東、湖北、湖南部分學校3月聯(lián)考]Atextbookexchangeisabusinessthatbuysandsellscollegetextbooks.Textbookscanrepresent1.________significantpartofastudent'seducationbudget.Bypurchasingusedtextbooksorsellingunneededbookstoatextbookexchange,studentscan2.________(great)reducetheirexpenses.Traditionally,universitybookstoresweretheonlysourcesfor3.________(require)textbooks.Thesuccessofbookstores4.________buyandsellusedbooksinspiredsomebusinesses5.________(copy)theprocessfortextbooks.Atextbookexchangewillpurchasetextbooksfromstudentswhohavecompletedcoursesandnolongerneedthematerials.Thismeansthebusinesscanreselltheusedbooksatapricemuchlowerthantheiroriginalcost.Thisisvery6.________(benefit)tostudentswhoarestrugglingtomeettheirschoolfeesandlivingexpenses.Eversinceitfirstappeared,thetextbookexchange7.________(increase)theoptionsforstudents.Nowusedtextbooks8.________(deliver)almostanywherethroughanystandarddeliveryservice.Thismeansstudentsarenotlimited9.________thebooksavailableattheirlocaluniversitybookstores.Theycancompare10.________(price)onanationaloreveninternationallevelandchoosethemostreasonablypricededitions.Thischangesthesupply-and-demandeconomicfactorsthatcreatehighpricesformosttextbooks.Test4[2021·南昌市一模]RarelyhasasportsteaminChinareceivedpraiseand1.________(admire)asenthusiasticallyastheChinesewomen'svolleyballteam.Ithasagreateffect2.________Chinesepeoplefromallwalksoflife.DirectorPeterChina'sfilmLeapshinesaspotlightonthestrugglesofseveralgenerationsoftheChineseteamintheirattempts3.________(achieve)gloryfortheircountry.Chanbroughtoutintotheopenthedifficultiesbehindproduction.Forexample,thecrewbuilt4.________volleyballtrainingbaseinBeijingbytakingapartandmovingtheoriginal5.________(wood)floorfromthebaseinordertorecreatetheoriginalatmosphere.“Thefloorstillshowstheblood,tearandsweat6.________(leave)bythewomen'svolleyballteammembersbackinthe1980s，”Channoted.“ThepeoplelovetheChinesewomen'svolleyballteam,notonlybecauseyou7.________(win)thechampionship,butalsobecauseyouhavedisplayedthespiritofputtingthemotherlandfirst,throughunity,cooperation,tenacityandnevergivingup.”Thespirit8.________(praise)byPresidentXiJinping,9.________greetedTeamChinaattheGreatHallofthePeopleinBeijingonSeptember30.10．________(sure),thatspiritwillliveon.Test5[2021·廣東六校聯(lián)盟高三第二次聯(lián)考]Tencent'sWeChatintroducednewemojistoits1.________(exist)emojisetonWednesday.2.________newemojisincludeafacewithrollingeyes,a“l(fā)etmesee”face,3.________thatissighing,acrackedsmilingfaceandsoon.The“l(fā)etmesee”emoji,4.________featuresafacewithapeekingeye,hasbecomeahottopicamongnetusers5.________itresemblesPrinceYongqiinthehitTVdramaPrincessHuanzhu.ThetopfivemostpopularemojisusedbyWeChatusersin20196.________(be)“facepalm,grin,chuckle,thumb-upandrose”，accordingtoareportreleasedbyTencent'sWeChatinJanuary.Forusersborninthe2000s,theirfavoriteWeChatemojiwouldprobablybethewidelyused“facepalm”.Mostpost-90sWeChatusersarelate7.________(rise)comparedwithothergroups,andtheemoji“facewithtearsofjoy”rulestheironlinesociallife.Forusersborninthe1980s,theirreadingtaste8.________(change)littleoverthelastthreeyears,astheystillsticktonewsonnationalaffairs.Anda“toothygrin”istheiremojioftheyear.WeChatusersborninthe1970sarean9.________(optimism)group,who