2025年高一英語(yǔ)寒假銜接（外研版）專題5. 定語(yǔ)從句（學(xué)生版）

定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句的概念：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，定語(yǔ)從句放在先行詞的后面?？键c(diǎn)一that/which/who/whom1．that/which/who/whom在句子里充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，這些關(guān)系詞叫關(guān)系代詞。在上面的短文中的限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，that出現(xiàn)頻率最高。既可以作主語(yǔ)，也可以作賓語(yǔ)，既可以指人，也可以指物。2．此外指物時(shí)只用that不用which的情況的口訣：very、only序最高，人物、不定that好。即先行詞指物被thevery、theonly、序數(shù)詞、形容詞或副詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，或者先行詞既包括人也包括物時(shí)，或者先行詞指物是不定代詞或被不定代詞修飾時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句用that引導(dǎo)。ThisistheverybookthatIhavebeenlookingforforseveraldays.這正是我找了好幾天的那本書(shū)。Isthereanythingthatyouwanttosayaboutthismatter?關(guān)于這件事你想說(shuō)什么呢？3．定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與先行詞的數(shù)保持一致。Istillrememberthepeopleintheremotevillagewhowerefriendlytome.我仍然記得那些住在邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)對(duì)我很友好的鄉(xiāng)親們。Thestudentswhoareinterestedintheactivityshouldsignupforitinadvance.對(duì)這次活動(dòng)感興趣的同學(xué)們要提前報(bào)名。單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Thedictionarythegentlemanboughthalfanhouragowasveryexpensive.2．Theladywho/that(be)standingbehindthecounterismysister.3．ThemanIservedwaswearingahat.4．Thisisthethirdappleshehaseatenintheafternoon.5．Thisistheonly/verythingIcandotosolvethetrickyproblem.6．That’sallIknowabouttheyoungmanlivingnextdoor.7．Whentheymetagain，thetwofriendstalkedaboutlotsofthingsandpersonstheycouldrememberintheschool.8．ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.考點(diǎn)二as/which/whose1．whose既可以指人，又可以指物，在從句中作定語(yǔ)，表示先行詞的所有格。即whose前的先行詞和whose之后的名詞有所屬關(guān)系?？谠E：whose前后名，后名屬前名。ThisisthegirlwhosenameisLiMei.這就是那個(gè)叫李梅的女孩。Helivesinahousewhosewindowsfacethenorth.他住在窗戶朝北的房子里。2．只用which/whom而不用that的情況。用在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中或者動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)中的介詞提到關(guān)系代詞之前，充當(dāng)其賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。注意：which既可以指某一個(gè)名詞，也可以指前面的整個(gè)句子。Thisisthecompanyinwhichmyfatheronceworked.這就是我父親曾經(jīng)在里面工作的公司。Therewasnopersontowhomshecouldturnforhelpinthedarkstreet.在黑漆漆的街上沒(méi)有她可以求助的人。3．定語(yǔ)從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞的附加說(shuō)明，去掉了也不會(huì)影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，將非限制性定語(yǔ)從句放在句子中間，其前后都需要用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。4．常用as的結(jié)構(gòu)：asanybodycansee，asweallknow，asweexpected，asisreported，ashasbeenannounced，asisoftenthecase，as常常位于句首。Aswasexpected，hecamelateagain.正如我們所預(yù)料的那樣，他又遲到了。Asanybodycansee，theelephantislikeasnake.正如每個(gè)人所看到的一樣，這匹大象像一條蛇。單句語(yǔ)法填空1．HeisthestudentEnglishisalwaysatthetop.2．Inourfactorythereare2,000workers，twothirdsofarewomen.3．Heisworkinghard，willmakehimpassthefinalexam.4．isknowntoall，thereare7continentsontheearth.考點(diǎn)三when/where/why1．關(guān)系副詞與關(guān)系代詞的選擇從句不缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，是個(gè)完整的句子，可以是主謂賓或主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，亦可以是主謂結(jié)構(gòu)(主語(yǔ)＋vi.)。此時(shí)需要判斷謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否及物。判斷定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞還是不及物動(dòng)詞的方法：把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與先行詞連接起來(lái)，看它們是否能構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，如果能直接構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，則該謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為及物動(dòng)詞，否則為不及物動(dòng)詞。(1)Thefactoryheonceworkedisclosednow.work與factory不能直接構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，只有后面加上介詞in才能構(gòu)成正確的表達(dá)形式，workinthefactory。因此可推知work為不及物動(dòng)詞。因此此處應(yīng)使用關(guān)系副詞where作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，也可使用inwhich(which代替先行詞thefactory)。(2)Thefactoryhesetuplastyearisoperatingwell.該題中從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以和先行詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)setupthefactory，所以setup是及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。其后缺賓語(yǔ)，因此此處用關(guān)系代詞that或which。2．當(dāng)先行詞為表示抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞situation，case，stage，point等，且關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；如果關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)則用關(guān)系代詞which/that。3．“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的確定：(1)依據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣搭配來(lái)確定Iboughtagreatmanybooks，onwhichIspentallmymoneythatIsaved.我買了很多書(shū)，這些書(shū)花光了我的所有積蓄。(2)依據(jù)先行詞的某種習(xí)慣搭配來(lái)確定I’llneverforgetthetimeduringwhichIspentmychildhoodinthecountry.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我在鄉(xiāng)村度過(guò)的童年時(shí)光。(3)根據(jù)所表達(dá)的意思來(lái)確定Thecolourlessgaswithoutwhichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.離開(kāi)它我們就不能生存的這種無(wú)色氣體被稱為氧氣。4．當(dāng)theway作先行詞時(shí)，無(wú)論關(guān)系詞作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)還是作狀語(yǔ)，用that一定正確。Idon’tlikethewaythat/inwhichhespeakstome.(關(guān)系詞作方式狀語(yǔ))Theyarelookingforawaythat/whichisthemostsuitablefortheproblem.(關(guān)系詞作主語(yǔ))單句語(yǔ)法填空1．IstillrememberthedayIfirstcametoBeijing.2．Thereasonhefailedintheexamwasthathedidn’tstudyhard.3．Giftshopsinmuseumspeoplewouldbuysouvenirsforthemselvesandtheirfriendsusedtobethelaststopofeachvisit.隨堂練習(xí)一．單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Theoldmanturnedhisbusinessovertohisyoungerson，madehiseldersondiscouraged.2．IwillneverforgetsuchabeautifulvillageIspentmychildhoodwithmygrandparents.3．Theretheymetpeoplefromotherpartsofthecountry，hadalsovolunteeredtohelp.4．Therearemanygoodwebsitesyoucancheckoutthelatestinthescienceworld.5．Thesystem，canbethemostadvancedinmanyways，willbethelargestearthquakeobservationnetworkintheworld.6．HedecidedtogotoStanfordbecausethereweremanyopportunitiesforpeoplewantedtoworkinSiliconValley.7．Hisintereststartedafewyearsago，hewasincollegeandstudyingwildlifescience.8．ThenNeedhambeganhislifelongresearch，endedupcreatingthegreatestwork—ScienceandCivilisationinChina.9．Thiswomanhassetagoodexampletoherson，isareallyluckyguy.10．Overtheyears，Ihavemetsomeinterestingpeople.Twoofthemostinterestingpeopleweretwoelderlysisters，JoanandBernice，wayoftalkingaboutpeopleinspiredme.二．語(yǔ)法填空Therewasatime1.IwastiredoflearningEnglishanddislikedtospeakEnglish.Andthiswasthereason2.myfatherforcedmetojoinina30-daytraininginanEnglishclubbeforeIwenttoseniorhighschool.WhenIfirstcametotheclub,3.Imetmanystrangers，Imissedmyparentsverymuch.SoIpackedupmythingsandwantedtogohome.Fortunately，myguide,4.teacherwasYuMinhong，communicatedwithmefacetoface.He，from5.Igainedsomeusefulinstructions，alsoshowedmeagoodpartner，andwegotalongwellwitheachother.GraduallyIadaptedtothelifethere.EverydayIwouldliketotalktootherteenagersandsetdownaseriesofactivities6.wedid.Ishouldbegratefultomyfatherandtheguide,7.encouragedmetofallinlovewithEnglish.NowIfeelitinterestingtolearnEnglish，into8.Iputmyentireenergy.EverydayIreadmywordsandpassagesaloud.InclassIjoininEnglishdiscussions.BeforeIgotosleep，Irecallthepassages，through9.Icanmemorizealargenumberofnewwords.10.ourEnglishteachersays，“AslongasyouformthehabitoflearningEnglisheverydayandhaveperseverance，youwillconquerEnglishsoonerorlater.”三．不同語(yǔ)境中定語(yǔ)從句的使用1．邀請(qǐng)信我寫(xiě)信邀請(qǐng)你來(lái)看我們學(xué)校舉辦的漢服表演。I’mwritingtoinviteyoutoenjoyahanfushow.我給你寫(xiě)信的目的是邀請(qǐng)你參加下周六在我們學(xué)校舉辦的音樂(lè)節(jié)。I’mwritingtoinviteyoutotakepartinthemusicfestival.2．申請(qǐng)信(1)我自五歲學(xué)習(xí)中國(guó)畫(huà)，因此我很了解這門(mén)藝術(shù)，這使得我能夠很好地介紹畫(huà)展。IhavetakenupChinesepaintingsinceIwasfiveyearsoldandIhaveagoodknowledgeofit，.我英語(yǔ)很熟練，這使得我與外國(guó)人自由交談成為可能。IhaveagoodcommandofEnglish，communicatewithforeignersfreely.3．申請(qǐng)信(2)我寫(xiě)信是想申請(qǐng)你們昨天在報(bào)紙上刊登的志愿者工作。I’mwritingtoapplytoworkasavolunteeryesterday’snewspaper.我寫(xiě)信申請(qǐng)我們學(xué)校英語(yǔ)協(xié)會(huì)所提供的職位。I’mwritingtothattheEnglishAssociationofourschooloffers.4．通知(1)GrowingTogether這部電影主要講述我們學(xué)校的發(fā)展，將于6月17日下午2∶00到4∶00在校報(bào)告廳放映。ThemovieGrowingtogether，ourschool，willbeshownintheschoolhallfrom2∶00to4∶00intheafternoononJune17th.這場(chǎng)音樂(lè)會(huì)，其中包括由才華橫溢的學(xué)生們表演的各種精彩節(jié)目，將于下周日上午在我校大廳舉行。Theconcert，playedbytalentedstudents，willbeheldintheschoolhallnextSundaymorning.5．通知(2)據(jù)要求，任何想要觀看電影的同學(xué)要在下午兩點(diǎn)之前到達(dá)。Thosearerequiredtoarrivebeforetwointheaftern