2025年高一英語寒假銜接講練 (人教版)第04講 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時與現(xiàn)在完成時（學(xué)生版）

第04講現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時與現(xiàn)在完成時考點(diǎn)聚焦：核心考點(diǎn)+小考考點(diǎn)，有的放矢重點(diǎn)速記：知識點(diǎn)和關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)梳理，查漏補(bǔ)缺難點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化：難點(diǎn)內(nèi)容標(biāo)注與講解，能力提升學(xué)以致用：真題感知+提升專練，全面突破考點(diǎn)1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時1.基本用法此刻正在進(jìn)行的動作：常搭配時間狀語“now”“atthemoment”等，用于描述說話當(dāng)下正在發(fā)生的行為。例句：Sheissingingasongnow.（她現(xiàn)在正在唱歌。）現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作：常與“thesedays”“thisweek”“thismonth”等時間狀語連用，表明在一段近期時間內(nèi)持續(xù)進(jìn)行的活動。例句：Theyarepreparingfortheexamthesedays.（他們這些天正在為考試做準(zhǔn)備。）2.表將來用法用于表示按計劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動作，多與趨向性動詞（如come、go、leave、arrive、start等）搭配，且會有表示將來的時間狀語輔助說明時間。例句：Theplaneistakingoffinhalfanhour.（飛機(jī)半小時后就要起飛了。）例句：Wearegoingtothecinematonight.（我們今晚打算去看電影。）考點(diǎn)再現(xiàn)1.Look!Thechildren______(play)footballintheplayground.2.Mymother______(cook)dinnerinthekitchennow.3.We______(prepare)forthepartythesedays.4.She______(write)aletteratthemoment.5.They______(study)Englishthissemester.考點(diǎn)2考點(diǎn)2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)1.構(gòu)成形式“be(am/is/are)+being+過去分詞”，通過此結(jié)構(gòu)體現(xiàn)動作正在被執(zhí)行的被動狀態(tài)。例句：Thehouseisbeingpaintedbytheworkers.（房子正在被工人們粉刷。）2.表示意義著重強(qiáng)調(diào)此時此刻或現(xiàn)階段動作正在被進(jìn)行，通常動作的執(zhí)行者未被明確指出或者沒必要明確指出。例句：Myclothesarebeingwashed.Idon'tknowwhoisdoingit.（我的衣服正在被洗，我不知道是誰在洗。）3.注意要點(diǎn)準(zhǔn)確判斷動作的主被動關(guān)系：只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)形式，要依據(jù)句子語義邏輯判斷是否存在合理的被動關(guān)系。正確示例：Theletterisbeingwrittenbyher.（write是及物動詞，有“信被寫”的合理被動關(guān)系）錯誤示例：Theaccidentisbeinghappenedthere.（happen是不及物動詞，不能用于被動語態(tài)）保持主謂一致（be動詞隨主語變化）：根據(jù)主語的人稱和數(shù)來正確選用be動詞的相應(yīng)形式（am/is/are）。例句：Iambeinginterviewedforajob.（主語是I，用am）例句：Thechildrenarebeinglookedafterbytheiraunt.（主語是Thechildren，用are）與其他被動語態(tài)區(qū)分：與一般現(xiàn)在時被動語態(tài)相比，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時被動語態(tài)側(cè)重當(dāng)下正在進(jìn)行的被動動作，而一般現(xiàn)在時被動語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)常、習(xí)慣性的被動情況。例句：Thedishesarewashedeveryday.（一般現(xiàn)在時被動，說明每天洗碗是日常習(xí)慣）例句：Thedishesarebeingwashedrightnow.（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時被動，強(qiáng)調(diào)此刻正在洗碗）考點(diǎn)再現(xiàn)1.Anewhospital______(build)inourcityatpresent.2.Theproblem______(discuss)bytheexpertsnow.3.Thesedays,theoldhousesintheneighborhood______(pull)down.4.Theflowersinthegarden______(water)bythegardenerrightnow.5.Anewplan______(make)bytheteammembersthisweek.考點(diǎn)3考點(diǎn)3.現(xiàn)在完成時1.構(gòu)成形式“have/has+過去分詞”，以此結(jié)構(gòu)來體現(xiàn)動作從過去發(fā)生并與現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生關(guān)聯(lián)。例句：Hehaseatenbreakfast.（他已經(jīng)吃過早飯了。）2.用法過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果：通過過去的某個行為，使得現(xiàn)在出現(xiàn)了相應(yīng)的情況或變化。例句：Ihavelostmywallet,soIcan'tbuyanything.（我弄丟了錢包，所以現(xiàn)在沒法買東西了。）過去已經(jīng)開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)：常與“for+時間段”“since+時間點(diǎn)”等表示一段時間的狀語搭配使用。例句：Shehasworkedinthiscompanysince2010.（她從2010年起就在這家公司工作了。）3.時間狀語搭配常與already（已經(jīng)，多用于肯定句）、yet（還，多用于疑問句和否定句）、just（剛剛）、ever（曾經(jīng)）、never（從不）、recently（最近）等時間狀語詞連用，以明確動作發(fā)生的時間范疇與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)聯(lián)情況。例句：HaveyouevervisitedtheGreatWall?（你曾經(jīng)去過長城嗎？）例句：Ihavejustcomebackfromschool.（我剛從學(xué)?；貋怼＃├洌篢heyhaven'tfinishedthetaskyet.（他們還沒完成任務(wù)呢。）4.注意事項(xiàng)非延續(xù)性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換（與時間段連用時）：非延續(xù)性動詞不能直接與表示一段時間的狀語用于現(xiàn)在完成時表達(dá)持續(xù)動作，需將其替換為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞。錯誤示例：Hehasjoinedtheclubfortwoyears.（join是非延續(xù)性動詞）正確示例：Hehasbeenamemberoftheclubfortwoyears.（be是延續(xù)性動詞，表狀態(tài)）與一般過去時區(qū)分：一般過去時單純描述過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作，和現(xiàn)在沒有直接聯(lián)系；現(xiàn)在完成時更強(qiáng)調(diào)過去動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)聯(lián)。例句：Iwatchedamovielastnight.（只是說昨晚看了電影這個過去事實(shí)）例句：Ihavewatchedthatmoviebefore,soIknowwhatit'sabout.（強(qiáng)調(diào)之前看過電影，所以現(xiàn)在了解其內(nèi)容）考點(diǎn)再現(xiàn)1.I______(finish)myhomeworkalready.2.She______(read)thatbookseveraltimes.3.They______(notsee)eachothersincelastyear.4.He______(justcome)backfromabroad.5.We______(live)inthiscityfortenyears.考點(diǎn)4考點(diǎn)4.現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)1.常用句式“have/has+been+過去分詞”，以此表明過去發(fā)生的被動動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的被動狀態(tài)。例句：Alotoftreeshavebeenplantedinourschoolyard.（我們校園里已經(jīng)種了很多樹。）2.用法過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果（主語為承受者）：強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的被動動作致使現(xiàn)在出現(xiàn)了相應(yīng)的局面或影響。例句：Thenovelhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguagesandispopularworldwide.（這部小說已經(jīng)被翻譯成多種語言，在全球都很受歡迎。）過去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的被動動作（搭配時間段狀語）：體現(xiàn)某個被動動作從過去某時起一直延續(xù)至今的情況。例句：Thisprojecthasbeencarriedoutforseveralmonths.（這個項(xiàng)目已經(jīng)開展好幾個月了。）3.注意6點(diǎn)問題（1）準(zhǔn)確判斷被動關(guān)系：要根據(jù)句子實(shí)際含義確定主語是動作的承受者，才能正確使用被動語態(tài)，需避免對不及物動詞等錯誤使用被動結(jié)構(gòu)。錯誤示例：Thestoryhasbeenhappenedinasmalltown.（happen是不及物動詞，不能用被動）正確示例：Thepartyhasbeenorganizedbythestudents.（organize是及物動詞，有“派對被組織”的合理被動關(guān)系）（2）留意時間狀語搭配：不同的時間狀語與該語態(tài)結(jié)合時要遵循語法和語義規(guī)則，使句子表意準(zhǔn)確合理，尤其像“since”引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句搭配時要體現(xiàn)時間先后和邏輯連貫。例句：Sincethenewpolicywasintroduced,manychangeshavebeenmade.（新政策出臺后，已經(jīng)有了很多變化，體現(xiàn)先后順序和邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)）（3）與其他語態(tài)區(qū)分：與現(xiàn)在完成時主動語態(tài)相比，主動語態(tài)突出動作執(zhí)行者主動實(shí)施動作，被動語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語承受動作；和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別在于，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時被動側(cè)重當(dāng)下正在進(jìn)行的被動情況，而現(xiàn)在完成時被動更關(guān)注過去到現(xiàn)在的整體被動狀態(tài)及影響。例句：Hehasrepairedthecar.（現(xiàn)在完成時主動，強(qiáng)調(diào)他主動修車的行為）例句：Thecarhasbeenrepaired.（現(xiàn)在完成時被動，強(qiáng)調(diào)車被修好的結(jié)果）例句：Thecarisbeingrepairednow.（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時被動，強(qiáng)調(diào)此刻車正在被修理的狀態(tài)）（4）掌握特殊動詞過去分詞變化：部分動詞的過去分詞形式是不規(guī)則的，需要牢記這些特殊變化，以確保句式書寫正確無誤。例如：write-written，break-broken，choose-chosen等。例句：Thewindowhasbeenbrokenbythenaughtyboy.（broken是break的正確過去分詞形式）（5）處理多動作被動邏輯關(guān)系：當(dāng)句子中存在多個先后發(fā)生且涉及被動的動作時，要運(yùn)用合適的時態(tài)順序和被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)清晰準(zhǔn)確地表述邏輯關(guān)系。例句：Aftertheplanhadbeendiscussedthoroughly,ithasbeenimplementedstepbystep.（先充分討論計劃，之后再逐步實(shí)施，體現(xiàn)先后順序和被動情況）（6）依文體合理運(yùn)用：在不同文體中使用該語態(tài)各有側(cè)重，記敘文里常用于描述過去事件對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果呈現(xiàn)；說明文里可用于介紹事物發(fā)展歷程等涉及被動情況的表述；議論文中在論述觀點(diǎn)相關(guān)已發(fā)生的被動情況時會運(yùn)用到。例如在一篇介紹科技成果應(yīng)用情況的說明文里：Thisadvancedtechnologyhasbeenwidelyappliedinvariousfieldssinceitsinvention.（說明該項(xiàng)先進(jìn)技術(shù)自發(fā)明以來在多個領(lǐng)域被廣泛應(yīng)用的情況）考點(diǎn)再現(xiàn)1.Manynewbuildings______(build)inthetowninthepastfewyears.2.Thebook______(translate)intoseverallanguagesalready.3.Alotofwork______(do)sincewestartedtheproject.4.Thesemachines______(repair)manytimesinthepastdecade.5.Thebridge______(complete)lastmonthandit______(use)bypeoplesincethen.一、單項(xiàng)選擇題（10小題，每題2分，共20分）1.—Hi,Lily!Ihaven'tseenyouforages!—Oh,I______onavolunteerprojectinAfricaforthepastyear.A.workedB.haveworkedC.amworkingD.wasworking2.Themeeting______whenIgottotheoffice,soIdidn'tknowwhattheyhaddiscussed.A.wasoverB.hasbeenoverC.hadbeenoverD.wouldbeover3.Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewhospital______inourcity.A.wouldcompleteB.wouldbecompletedC.wascompletedD.hadbeencompleted4.—Whereisyourfather?—He______theflowersinthegardennow.A.watersB.iswateringC.willwaterD.haswatered5.ThisisthefirsttimethatI______suchabeautifulcity.A.visitB.visitedC.havevisitedD.hadvisited6.Alotofnewhouses______inthisareainthepastfewyears.A.werebuiltB.arebuiltC.havebeenbuiltD.hadbeenbuilt7.—Whydidn'tyougotoseethefilmlastnight?—BecauseI______itbefore.A.sawB.haveseenC.hadseenD.wouldsee8.Thebook______bymanypeoplesinceitcameoutlastmonth.A.isreadB.hasbeenreadC.wasreadD.hadbeenread9.Look!Thechildren______theclassroom.Theyaresohelpful.A.cleanB.arecleaningC.havecleanedD.cleaned10.Wecan'tgoswimmingtodaybecausethepool______.A.isbeingrepairedB.isrepairingC.hasbeenrepairedD.wasrepaired二、單句語法填空題（10小題，每題1.5分，共15分）1.I______(write)alettertomyfriendwhenmymothercamein.2.She______(live)inthiscityforfiveyearsbeforeshemovedtoanotherplace.3.Thebridgewhich______(build)lastyearconnectstwovillages.4.They______(alreadyfinish)theirworkbythetimewearrived.5.Anewplay______(puton)atthetheaternextweek.6.ThebookthatI______(lookfor)foralongtimewasfinallyfoundinthelibrary.7.He______(nothear)fromhisfriendsincelastmonth.8.Theclassroom______(clean)everydaybythestudentsonduty.9.We______(discuss)theproblemwhentheteachercamein.10.BythetimeIgraduatefromhighschool,I______(study)Englishforsixyears.三、語篇語法填空題（10小題，每題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（不多于3個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式，使短文意思完整、通順。Inourcity,remarkablechanges1.__________(takeplace)inrecentyears.Theoldindustrialarea,whichwasoncefilledwithfactoriesandsmoke,2.__________(turn)intoamodernandeco-friendlyzone.Alargepark3.__________(construct)inthemiddleofthisareatwoyearsago.Ithasnowbecome4.__________idealplaceforlocalresidentstorelax.Thereis5.__________beautifullakeinthepark,andaroundthelakearemanytreesandflowers.Peoplecantakeawalkalongthepaths,enjoyingthefreshairandbeautifulscenery.Thetransportationsystemhasalsobeenimprovedgreatly.6.__________additiontotheexistingbusroutes,anewsubwayline7.__________(build)acrossthecity,whichconnectsdifferentneighborhoodsmoreconveniently.What'smore,thelocalgovernmenthasbuiltseveraloverpasses8.__________(reduce)trafficjams.Theeducationherehasseenpositivechangestoo.Anewhighschool9.__________(open)lastyear.Theschoolnotonlyhasadvancedteachingfacilitiesbutalsoemploysexcellentteachers.Anditislocatednearalibrary,sostudentscangothereeasily10.__________theyneedtoborrowbooksorstudy.真題感知一、閱讀理解（2023·全國·高考真題）YellowstoneNationalParkoffersavarietyofrangerprogramsthroughoutthepark,andthroughouttheyear.Thefollowingaredescriptionsoftherangerprogramsthissummer.ExperiencingWildlifeinYellowstone(May26toSeptember2)Whetheryou’rehikingabackcountrytrail(小徑),camping,orjustenjoyingthepark’samazingwildlifefromtheroad,thisquickworkshopisforyouandyourfamily.Learnwheretolookforanimalsandhowtosafelyenjoyyourwildlifewatchingexperience.MeetattheCanyonVillageStore.JuniorRangerWildlifeOlympics(June5toAugust21)KidscantesttheirskillsandcomparetheirabilitiestotheanimalsofYellowstone.Stayforaslittleoraslongasyourplansallow.MeetinfrontoftheVisitorEducationCenter.CanyonTalksatArtistPoint(June9toSeptember2)Fromaclassicviewpoint,enjoyLowerFalls,theYellowstoneRiver,andthebreathtakingcolorsofthecanyon(峽谷)whilelearningaboutthearea’snaturalandhumanhistory.Discoverwhyartistsandphotographerscontinuetobedrawntothisspecialplace.MeetonthelowerplatformatArtistPointontheSouthRimDriveforthisshorttalk.PhotographyWorkshops(June19&July10)Enhanceyourphotographyskills—joinYellowstone’sparkphotographerforahands-onprogramtoinspirenewandcreativewaysofenjoyingthebeautyandwonderofYellowstone.6/19—Waterfalls&WideAngles:meetatArtistPoint.7/10—Wildflowers&WhiteBalance:meetatWashburnTrailheadinChittendenparkingarea.1．Whichofthefourprogramsbeginstheearliest?A．PhotographyWorkshops. B．JuniorRangerWildlifeOlympics.C．CanyonTalksatArtistPoint. D．ExperiencingWildlifeinYellowstone.2．WhatistheshorttalkatArtistPointabout?A．Worksoffamousartists. B．Protectionofwildanimals.C．Basicphotographyskills. D．Historyofthecanyonarea.3．WherewilltheparticipantsmeetfortheJuly10photographyworkshop?A．ArtistPoint. B．WashburnTrailhead.C．CanyonVillageStore. D．VisitorEducationCenter.二、語法填空（2023·北京·高考真題）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Mangroves,knownas“redforest”inChina,growbetweenlandandsea,characterisedbytheircomplexroots.When4(see)fromafar,themangroveforestsappearmoresplendid.Mangrovescanhelpsoftenwavesandprotect5(city)fromcoastalwinds.Forthesereasons,theyarepraisedas“coastalguardians”.Uptonow,China6(establish)anumberofprotectedareaswithmangroves.提升專練一、語法填空Passage1LiMing:Hi,LinTao.Hownicetoseeyouonthefirstdayofthenewterm!LinTao:Yes.Nicetoseeyouagain.LiMing:Iknowthatyourparents1(work)inthatcityforaboutayear.Canyoutellmesomethingthereaftertheearthquake?LinTao:Ofcourse.Sincetheearthquake2(happen),manysoldiers3(send)there,andmanykindsofsupplies(物資供應(yīng))4(carry)therefromalloverthecountry.Now,mostpeoplethere5(live)ahappylifeagain.LiMing:Howabouttheschoolsthere?LinTao:Severalnewschools6(setup)andalsosomeschoolswhich7(damage)intheearthquake8(rebuild).Soallthestudentscangobacktoschooltostudynow.LiMing:That’swonderful.I’msuretheirlifewillbebetterandbetter.Whenwillyourparentscomeback?LinTao:Theywillbebacknextmonth.Passage2Therearemomentsinlife1youmisssomepeoplesomuchthatyoujustwanttopickthemfromyourdreamsandhugthemforreal!Whenonedoorofhappinesscloses,2opens,butoftenwelooksolongatthecloseddoorthatwedon'tseetheonewhich3(open)forus.Don'tgoforlooks;theycandeceive(欺騙).Don'tgoforwealth;eventhatfadesaway.Goforsomeone4makesyousmilebecauseittakesonlyasmiletomakeadarkdayseembright.Dreamwhatyouwant5(dream);gowhereyouwanttogo;bewhatyouwanttobe.The6(happy)peopledon't7(necessary)havethebestofeverything;theyjustmakethemostofeverythingthat8(come)alongtheirway.Thebrightestfuturewillalwaysbebasedona9(forget)past.Whenyouwereborn,youwerecryingandeveryone10youwassmiling.Liveyourlifesothatwhenyoudie,you'retheonewhoissmilingandeveryonearoundyouiscrying.Passage3Directions:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwithproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Doyouknowhow1iswhenyouseesomeoneyawnandyoustartyawningtoo?Orhowharditistobeamongpeoplelaughingandnotlaughyourself?Well,apparentlyit’sbecausewehavemirrorneurons（神經(jīng)元）inourbrains.2(put)simply,theexistenceofmirrorneuronssuggeststhat3weseesomeoneelsedosomething,ourbrainsimitateit,whetherornotweactuallyperformthesameaction.Thisexplainsagreatdealabout4welearntosmile,talk,walk,danceorplaysports.Buttheideagoes5(far)：mirrorneuronsnotonlyappeartoexplainphysicalactions,theyalsotellusthatthereisabiologicalbasisforthewayweunderstandotherpeople.Mirrorneuronscanundoubtedlybefoundalloverourbrains,butespeciallyintheareaswhichrelatetoourabilitytouselanguages,andtounderstandhowotherpeoplefeel.Recently,researchers

6(find)thatmirrorneuronsrelatestronglytolanguage.Agroupofresearchersdiscoveredthat7theygavepeoplesentencestolistento(forexample:“Thehandtookholdoftheball”),thesa