2024年北京高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)測(cè)試卷二（解析版）

2024年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)測(cè)試卷二（北京卷）

本試卷共100分?？荚嚂r(shí)長(zhǎng)100分鐘

考生務(wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無(wú)效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）

第一節(jié)完型填空（共10小題：每小題1.5份，共15份）

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上

將該選項(xiàng)涂黑。

（2023屆北京市房山區(qū)高三一模）

IglancedtomyleftandrightasIgotreadyatthestartingline.Thesightofothercompetitorswhohad

confidentandfierce-lookingfacesgotmegoosebumpsandIwasevenmore___1___thanbefore.

“Onyourmark,getset...Go!”shoutedtheraceofficial.Ipushedmyselfforwardwithallmy___2___and

startedrunningasthoughaprideofman-eatinglionswerecomingafterme.AsIran,Icouldseetheother

competitorscatchingupwithme.Allofasudden,Ifelldownonmyknees.Ahundredpairsofeyesboredintome,

watchingme___3___togetup.ButnomatterhowhardItried,Ijustcouldnotdoit.

"No,itcannotendlikethis.Ihaveto___4___thisrace."Ithoughttomyself.However,thepainfrommy

injurywassounbearablethatIfelttotally___5___.Ireallywantedtogiveup.

Outofdespair,Igazedupatthefinishingline.Justthen,akindcompetitor___6___herhandtome.

“Thankyou...^^Iwhispered___7___asIgrabbedherhandandshepulledmeup.

Shelentmehershoulderforsupport,andI___8___forward.Thecrowdcheeredatthisbrilliantdisplayof

___9___.Together,bothofuscrossedthefinishingline.

EventhoughInevergotthechancetolearnhername,Iwillalwaysrememberherastheonewhostepped

forwardtohelpmewhenIwasin10.

1.A.tiredB.confusedC.nervousD.regretful

2.A.joyB.mightC.troubleD.shame

3.A.attemptB.hesitateC.waitD.pretend

4.A.organizeB.evaluateC.appreciateD.complete

5.A.defeatedB.inspiredC.shockedD.relaxed

6.A.wavedB.extendedC.showedD.pointed

7.A.proudlyB.cautiouslyC.awkwardlyD.gratefully

8.A.movedB.fellC.bentD.looked

9.A.partnershipB.sportsmanshipC.leadershipD.friendship

10.A.angerB.doubtC.needD.silence

【答案】l.C2.B3.A4.D5.A6.B7.D8.A9.B10.C

【解析】本文為一篇記敘文。講述了作者在一次跑步比賽中，摔倒了，膝蓋的疼痛讓作者無(wú)法繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。

就在作者感到絕望時(shí)，旁邊的選手停下來(lái)，攙扶著作者走向終點(diǎn)線。這讓作者很是感動(dòng)，并會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)記住這

個(gè)在他需要幫助時(shí)，及時(shí)向他伸出援助之手的人。

1考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：看著旁邊充滿自信且表情兇神惡煞的其他競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者，我感到渾身起雞皮疙瘩，

我比之前更加緊張。A.tired疲憊的；B.confused困惑的；C.nervous緊張的；D.regretful后悔的。根據(jù)前文

“Thesightofothercompetitorswhohadconfidentandfierce-lookingfacesgotmegoosebumps”可知，此處指作

者看著旁邊的人充滿自信感到更加緊張，故選C。

2考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我用盡全身力氣向前沖，盡管后面一群吃人的獅子緊跟在我后面。A.joy高興，

喜悅；B.might強(qiáng)大力量,威力；C.trouble困難；D.shame羞愧。根據(jù)后文“andstartedrunning”可知，此處

指我用盡全身強(qiáng)大的力量先前沖，故選B。

3考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：一百雙眼睛盯著我看，看我努力試圖爬起來(lái)。A.attempt企圖，努力；B.hesitate

猶豫；C.wait等待；D.pretend假裝。根據(jù)前文“Allofasudden,Ifelldownonmyknees.”可知，此處指我在

賽跑時(shí)摔倒了，故努力試圖爬起來(lái)，故填A(yù)。

4考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我心里想：“不，不能就這樣結(jié)束了。我必須完成這次比賽”。A.organize組織；

B.evaluate評(píng)估,評(píng)價(jià);C.appreciate欣賞,感激；D.complete完成。根據(jù)前文“No,itcannotendlikethis.”

可知，此處指不能就這樣結(jié)束，我必須完成這次比賽，故選D。

5考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但是，我膝蓋上的疼痛如此無(wú)法忍受，以至于我感覺(jué)很泄氣。A.defeatedM

氣的，受挫的；B.inspired受到鼓舞的；C.shocked震驚的；D.relaxed放松的。根據(jù)上文“However,thepain

frommyinjurywassounbearable”以及后文"Ireallywantedtogiveup.”可知，此處指我想放棄，因此我是感覺(jué)

很泄氣的，故選A。

6考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：就在這時(shí)，一個(gè)善良的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者向我伸出了手。A.waved揮手；B.extended延伸，

伸出；C.showed展示；D.pointed指向。根據(jù)后文“asIgrabbedherhandandshepulledmeup”可知，此處指

她向我伸出手，故選B。

7考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我抓住她的手，她把我拉起來(lái)的時(shí)候，我感激地說(shuō)著“謝謝你”。A.proudly

驕傲地；B.cautiously謹(jǐn)慎地；C.awkwardly尷尬地；D.gratefully感激地。根據(jù)前文“akindcompetitor6

herhandtome.”可知，此處指我很感激那個(gè)向我伸出手的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者，因此是感激地說(shuō)著謝謝，故選D。

8考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她把肩膀借給我支撐，我向前移動(dòng)。A.moved移動(dòng)；B.fell摔，落；C.bent

彎腰；D.looked看。根據(jù)后文“Together,bothofuscrossedthefinishingline.“可知，此處指我支撐著她的肩膀，

向終點(diǎn)線移動(dòng)，故選A。

9考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：觀眾為這種杰出的體育精神而歡呼。A.partnership合伙，合作關(guān)系；B.

sportsmanship體育精神；C.leadership領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能；D.friendship友誼。根據(jù)前文"Together,bothofuscrossedthe

finishingline.”可知，此處指我在比賽中摔倒了，旁邊的人扶著我走向終點(diǎn)，這是一種體育精神，故選B。

10考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管我不知道她的名字，但我將永遠(yuǎn)記得她，因?yàn)樗窃谖矣行枰獣r(shí)，走上

前來(lái)幫助我的那個(gè)人。A.anger怒氣；B.doubt疑惑；C.need需要；D.silence沉默。根據(jù)前文“Outofdespair,

Igazedupatthefinishingline.Justthen,akindcompetitor6herhandtome.”可知，此處指她在我需要幫

助時(shí)，向我伸出了援助之手，故選C。

第二節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空(共10小題，每小題L5分洪15分)

(2023屆北京市東城區(qū)高三一模)

A

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白

處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

Onaparticularsunnyday,littleMykelwasdeterminedtolearntoridehisbikewithoutthehelpoftraining

wheels.Whentheneighborhoodkids11(spot)Mykelshakilycontrollinghisbike,theyracedover

12(help).Someheldthebikesteadywhileothersofferedencouragement.Mykelwasnotaloneashe

triedtoreachhisgoaloflearningtoridehisbike!Somethingsare13(easy)saidthandone.However,

withalittlehelpfromfriends,thingsgobetter!

【答案】11.spotted12.tohelp13.easier

【解析】這是一篇記敘文，文章主要講述Mykel學(xué)習(xí)騎自行車時(shí)得到周圍孩子的幫助的故事。

11考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)。句意：當(dāng)鄰居的孩子們發(fā)現(xiàn)Mykel搖搖晃晃地控制著他的自行車時(shí)，他們跑過(guò)去幫忙。

根據(jù)上文的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“Onaparticularsunnyday”及主句中的“raced”可知，文章是描述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用

一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填spottedo

12考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意同上。結(jié)合句意可知，此處表示目的，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。故填tohelp。

13考查形容詞比較級(jí)。句意:有些事說(shuō)起來(lái)容易做起來(lái)難。根據(jù)than可知此處應(yīng)用形容詞比較級(jí)。故填easiero

B

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白

處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

Renewablemethodsfor14(produce)electricity,suchaswindturbinesandsolarpanels,canonly

providepoweronthedays15windblowsorthesunshines.Electricbatteries16(use)tostore

energyareexpensiveandcanalsobepolluting.Finnishscientistscameupwithasimplesolutionthatputs

unwantedgreenelectricitytowork,heating100tonsofsandtoaround500℃.Thesandstayshotformonths;when

energy17(require),aircanbepumpedthroughitandheatedup.Theairinturnheatsasystemthat

supplieshotwatertoheatnearbyhouses.

【答案】14.producing15.when16.used17.isrequired

【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了芬蘭科學(xué)家提出的一個(gè)利用沙子的可再生發(fā)電方式。

14考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：可再生發(fā)電方法，如風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)和太陽(yáng)能電池板，只能在有風(fēng)或有太陽(yáng)的日子

里提供電力?？涨盀榻樵~for,故空處需要填動(dòng)名詞doing的形式構(gòu)成“介賓”結(jié)構(gòu)。故填producing。

15考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：可再生發(fā)電方法，如風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)和太陽(yáng)能電池板，只能在有風(fēng)或有太陽(yáng)的日子里

提供電力。分析句子可知，此處為定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞thedays,表“時(shí)間”，從句中不缺主、賓、表和定

語(yǔ)，故填關(guān)系副詞。故填when。

16考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：用來(lái)儲(chǔ)存能量的電池價(jià)格昂貴，而且會(huì)造成污染。本句已有動(dòng)詞are,且空處沒(méi)

有連詞，所以空處需用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；動(dòng)詞與空前名詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以空處需用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。

故填usedo

17考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)需要能量時(shí)，空氣可以通過(guò)它來(lái)加熱。結(jié)合句意可知，此處為陳述客

觀事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)即可；動(dòng)詞require和單數(shù)主語(yǔ)energy為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故需要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)bedone

的形式。故填isrequiredo

C

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白

處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

Theideaofwritingapoemmightfeelfrightening18(initial)一doyouneedtofollowacertain

structure,doesitneedtohavearhyme,ordoyouneedtohaverecitedadictionarytobea"proper"poet?Thetruth

is:absolutelynot.Whilethereare“types“ofpoemthatofferstincturetoserve19aguide,therealityis

thatpoetrydoesn'thavetofollowasetofrules-ifsmuchmoreaboutconveyingafeeling,andthatopensupalot

ofcreative20(free)forustoexplore.

【答案】18.initially19.as20.freedom

【解析】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了寫詩(shī)讓人害怕的原因，并解釋道，詩(shī)歌不需要遵循“死板”的規(guī)

則。

18考查副詞。句意：一開(kāi)始寫詩(shī)的想法可能會(huì)讓人害怕一你是否需要遵循某種結(jié)構(gòu)，它是否需要押韻，

或者你是否需要背誦一本字典來(lái)成為一個(gè)“合適的”詩(shī)人？分析句子可知，空處去掉后不影響理解，故需要填

副詞的形式作狀語(yǔ)。故填initially。

19考查固定短語(yǔ)。句意：雖然有一些“類型”的詩(shī)歌提供了結(jié)構(gòu)作為指導(dǎo)，但現(xiàn)實(shí)是，詩(shī)歌并不一定要遵循

一套規(guī)則。固定短語(yǔ)serveas表示“用作；充當(dāng)；作為”，符合句意。故填as。

20考查名詞。句意：它更多的是傳達(dá)一種感覺(jué)，這為我們開(kāi)辟了許多創(chuàng)作的自由，供我們探索。creative為

形容詞表示“創(chuàng)新的；創(chuàng)作的"，alotof表示“很多”，故空處需要填名詞。故填freedom。

第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)

第一節(jié)(共14小題，每小題2分，共28分)

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

A

(2023屆北京市朝陽(yáng)區(qū)高三一模)

TheEconomicandSocialCouncil(ECOSOC)YouthForumisanannualinitiativeofthePresidentofthe

Council.IthasdevelopedintoakeyplatformwhereyoungpeoplecancontributetopolicydiscussionsattheUnited

Nations(UN).Thisyear'sYouthForumwilltakeplacefrom25to27April,2023.

?Objectives

TheForumaimstoengageyoungpeopleinadialoguewithMemberStates,policymakersandotheractorsto

voicetheirviewsandinspireactionsonhowtotransformtheworldintoabetterplaceguidedbytheSustainable

DevelopmentGoals(SDGs).Participantswillalsohavetheopportunitytocontributetothepreparatoryprocessof

theSDGSummit.

The2023ForumwilladdressthethemeonspeedinguptherecoveryfromtheCOVID-19andthefull

implementation（實(shí)施）ofthe2030AgendaforSustainableDevelopment.Itwillalsoreviewprogressintheareas

ofaffordableandcleanenergy,andsustainablecitiesandcommunities,ete.

?Format

Thethree-dayeventwillfeatureplenary（全體出席的）sessionsandregionallybaseddiscussions,withthelast

daydesignedforthepreparationofthe2023SDGSummit.Talentedyouthspeakerswilldelivershortpresentations

inbetweensessions.

ParticipationintheForumisbyinvitationonly.TheyouthparticipantsareselectedbyNationalYouth

Councils,regionalyouthorganizations,etc.

Theeventwillbeheldinamixedwayallowingforopportunitiesforin-personandvirtualparticipation.

Participantswillalsobeabletoaskquestionsviasocialmedia.

?Thevoicesfromlastyear'sparticipants

2022ForumParticipantsTakeaway!2022ForumParticipants,Advice!

“TheYouthForumgavemetheopportunityto“Usingsourcestheteamprovideswillincreasethe

discovertheskillsrequiredtomasterpublicspeaking.efficiencyandeffectivenessofcompletingtasks.Ialso

Thetimemanagementischallengingbutwefinishedstronglyadvisethemtobeopentohearingeveryone's

alltasksevenwithatightschedule.^^differentopinionsfromanobjectivepointofview.^^

21.TheECOSOCYouthForum2023will.

A.discusstheglobalrecoveryissueB.selecttheyouthleadersfortheUN

C.setgoalsforsustainabledevelopmentD.gatheryoungpeopletobuildaplatform

22.Accordingtothepassage,theyoungparticipantscan.

A.registertojoinintheForumpersonallyB.givebriefspeechesinplenarysessions

C.takepartintheeventonlineandofflineD.attendtheSDGSummitaftertheForum

23.Whatistheadvicefrom2022participants?

A.Tobewillingtoconsidervariousvoices.B.Tomaketimearrangementsatoppriority.

C.Tomasterpublicspeakingskillsinadvance.D.Tobeefficientwiththehelpofpolicymakers.

【答案】21.A22.C23.A

【解析】本文是篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了即將舉辦的2023年ECOSOC青年論壇的相關(guān)信息和內(nèi)容。

21細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“The2023Forumwilladdressthethemeonspeedinguptherecoveryfromthe

COVID-19andthefullimplementation（實(shí)施）ofthe2030AgendaforSustainableDevelopment.^^（2023年論壇的

主題是加快從2019冠狀病毒中復(fù)蘇和全面落實(shí)2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程）可知，2023年ECOSOC青年論壇

將會(huì)討論全球從新冠病毒中復(fù)蘇的問(wèn)題。故選A。

22細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段"Theeventwillbeheldinamixedwayallowingforopportunitiesforin-personand

virtualparticipation.Participantswillalsobeabletoaskquestionsviasocialmedia.”（該活動(dòng)將以一種混合的方

式舉行，允許面對(duì)面和虛擬參與的機(jī)會(huì)，參與者還可以通過(guò)社交媒體提問(wèn)）可知，參加者可以在線上和線

下參加這次活動(dòng)。故選C。

23細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段"Ialsostronglyadvisethemtobeopentohearingeveryone'sdifferentopinions

什omanobjectivepointofview."（我還強(qiáng)烈建議他們從客觀的角度聽(tīng)取每個(gè)人的不同意見(jiàn)）可知，2022年的

參加者還建議該活動(dòng)愿意聽(tīng)取各種不同的聲音，考慮各方面不同的意見(jiàn)。故選A。

B

（2023屆北京市豐臺(tái)區(qū)高三一模）

ThiswasthefirstcommunicationthathadcomefromherauntinJessie'slifetime.

“Ithinkyouraunthasforgivenmeatlast,“herfathersaidashepassedtheletteracrossthetable.

Jessielookedfirstattheautograph（簽名）.Itseemedstrangetoseeherownnamethere.Therewasalikeness

betweenheraunfsautographandherown,ahintofthesamedecisivenessandprecision.IfJessiehadbeen

educatedfiftyyearsearlier,shemighthavewrittenhernameinjustthatmanner.

“You'reverylikeherinsomeways,“herfathersaid,asshestillstaredattheautograph.

“IshouldthinkyoumustalmosthaveforgottenwhatAuntJessiewaslike,dear,“shesaid."Howmanyyearsis

itsinceyoulastsawher?”

“Morethanforty,herfathersaid."Wedisagreed.Weinvariablydisagreed.Jessiealwayspridedherselfon

beingsomodem.ShereadDarwinandthingslikethat.Altogetherbeyondme,Iadmit.^^

“Andsoitseemsthatshewantstoseeme.^^Jessiestraightenedhershouldersandliftedherhead.Shewas

excitedatthethoughtofmeetingthismythicalauntwhomshehadsooftenheardabout.Sometimesshehad

wonderedifthepersonalityofthisremarkablerelativehadnotbeenafigment（虛構(gòu)）ofherfather^imagination.

Butthisletterofhersthatnowlayonthebreakfasttablewasadmirableincharacter.Therewassomethingof

intoleranceexpressedinitstone.Itwasjustlikewhatherfatherhadtoldher.

Mr.Deanecameoutofhispastmemorieswithasigh.

“Yes,yes;shewantstoseeyou,mydear,“hesaid.'Tveheardshehassetupaschoolandhelpedmany

youngsters.Ithinkyouhadbetteracceptthisinvitationtostaywithher.Ifshetookafancytoyou,youcouldgeta

bettereducation...9,

Hesighedagain,andJessieknewthatforthehundredthtimehewasregrettinghisownpastweakness...

25.HowwastherelationshipbetweenJessie'sfatherandheraunt?

A.Itremainedverycloseovertheyears.B.Itwasbrokenwhentheywereyoung.

C.Itgottenserduetoamisunderstanding.D.Itwasuneasyfortheirfinancialdifferences.

26.Fromthepassage,weknowJessiewas.

A.eagertomeetheraunt.B.cautiousaboutheraunt'sinvitation

C.angrywithherauntforignoringherfamily.D.puzzledbyheraunfssuddeninterestinher

27.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Jessie'sauntpromisedtoofferherbettereducation.B.Jessie'saunfspersonalityseemedtochangealot.

C.Jessieandherauntweredifferentinpersonality.D.Jessie'sfatherfeltsorryforwhathehaddone.

【答案】24.B25.A26.D

【解析】本文為一篇記敘文。講述了作者的姑姑與父親因?yàn)榉制纾嗄晡匆?jiàn)面。父親收到了姑姑的來(lái)信，

父親很悔恨，并打算將作者送到姑姑那里去接受好的教育。

24推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段"ThiswasthefirstcommunicationthathadcomefromherauntinJessie's

lifetime.（這是Jessie生命中第一次與姑姑的聯(lián)系。）”以及文章第六段“"Morethanforty,9,herfathersaid.t6We

disagreed.Weinvariablydisagreed.（父親說(shuō)道：“四十多年了。我們有分歧，我們總是有分歧"。）”可知，作者

的父親和姑姑已經(jīng)四十多年沒(méi)見(jiàn)面了，故他們的關(guān)系在年輕的時(shí)候就破裂了，故選B。

25細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第五段“Shewasexcitedatthethoughtofmeetingthismythicalauntwhomshehad

sooftenheardabout.（一想到能見(jiàn)到這個(gè)她經(jīng)常聽(tīng)說(shuō)的神奇的姑姑，她就激動(dòng)不已。）“可知，Jessie很渴望見(jiàn)

到姑姑，故選A。

26細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段"Hesighedagain,andJessieknewthatforthehundredthtimehewas

regrettinghisownpastweakness...（父親再次嘆氣，dJessie知道，父親已經(jīng)為自己過(guò)去的軟弱后悔了幾百次

了……）”可知，作者的父親為之前的軟弱感到悔恨，因此父親是為之前的所做的事情感動(dòng)后悔，故選D。

C

（2022屆北京市順義區(qū)高三一模）

Ithasalwaysbeenhorribleformetopicturemylifeinoldage.Myrecentvisitstotheseniorcarecenter,

however,easedsomeofmyfearsandprovidedvaluablefoodforthought.

Lookingformeaningfulwaystospendmyweekendsaftermyexams,Isigneduptoaprogramofartsand

craftsfortheelderlyrunbymyschoolmates.IwasinformedthattheRenciNursingHome,wheretheprogram

wouldbeheld,housedsomeofthelessfortunateelderlyinSingapore.Somebackgroundresearchgavemethe

impressionthatmanyofthemsufferedfromphysicalissuesandhadlittlefamilysupport.Asaresult,Iexpectedthe

atmospheretheretobediscouraging.And,judgingbythelackofinterestinthepaintingactivities,Itrulysenseda

feelingofpurposelessnessthere.Giventhatweliveinasocietyinwhichthebondsbetweenthegenerationsare

weakening,perhapsthedisappointingatmosphereinthehomewasn'tsurprising.Thepeoplewerecutofffromthe

tiesthatmakelifemeaningful.

Isitsafetosaythenthatourlivesafterretirementwilllikelyfeelaimless?ButafterIspoketoa

Portuguese-Chineseman,Ithoughtthatthiswasn'tnecessarilyso.Attheageof90,hedisplayedasurprisingly

strongsenseofcontroloverhislife.Hislivelinesswasexceptionalamongtheelderlypopulationinthehome.He

hadspenthislifeeithertravelingaroundtheworldasabackpacker,orworkinghardinSingaporetosaveupforhis

trips.Hehadmadeitaruletolearnforeignlanguages,exerciseandeathealthily-somethinghecontinuedtodo

duringhisstayinthenursinghome.

WhilehespoketomeabouthowhistimeinLondonhadshapedhisviewofculturaldifference.Ilookedinto

hiseyes.IknewthatthiswasthekindofcontroloverlifethatIwantedformyself.Idon'twanttospendhalfofmy

timewanderingaboutinforeigncountrieslikehedid,butIdowanttoappreciatetherichnessthatlifehastooffer.

27.WhydidtheauthorgototheRenciNurseryHome?

A.Becauseitwasrunbyhisschoolmates.B.Becausehemeanttolearnartsandcrafts.

C.Becausehewantedasignificantweekend.D.Becauseithousedsomelessfortunateelderly.

28.Beforetheauthorenteredthenursinghome,hethoughtitwas.

A.aplacefilledwithdepressionsB.aplacesolvingphysicalproblems

C.aplacefullofimpressiveactivitiesD.aplaceconnectingdifferentgenerations

29.Whatmainlyhelpedtheauthorchangehisattitudetowardoldage?

A.Thehardworkoftheelderly.B.Thelivelinessofanoldman.

C.Theviewofculturaldifference.D.Thecareofthenursinghome.

30.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?

A.CaringfortheElderly.B.LivingbyHisOwnLaw.

C.TravelingonOurWayD.PreparingfortheOldAge.

【答案】27.C28.A29.B30.B

【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者想象自己晚年的生活會(huì)是一件可怕的事，然而，在去了老年護(hù)

理中心以后，緩解了恐懼并對(duì)生活充滿了感激。

27細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第——句"Lookingformeaningfulwaystospendmyweekendsaftermyexams,Isigned

uptoaprogramofartsandcraftsfortheelderlyrunbymyschoolmates.（考試后,為了尋找有意義的方式來(lái)度

過(guò)我的周末，我報(bào)名參加了一個(gè)由我的同學(xué)為老年人開(kāi)辦的藝術(shù)和手工藝項(xiàng)目）”可知，作者去theRenci

NurseryHome是為了尋找有意義的方式來(lái)度過(guò)周末。故選Co

28細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第四句"Asaresult,Iexpectedtheatmospheretheretobediscouraging.（因止匕，我

預(yù)計(jì)那里的氣氛會(huì)是令人沮喪的）”可知，作者在進(jìn)入養(yǎng)老院之前，認(rèn)為那里的氣氛是令人沮喪的。故選A。

29細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“ButafterIspoketoaPortuguese-Chineseman,Ithoughtthatthiswasn'ttnecessarily

so.Attheageof90,hedisplayedasurprisinglystrongsenseofcontroloverhislife.Hislivelinesswasexceptional

amongtheelderlypopulationinthehome.（但當(dāng)我和一個(gè)葡萄牙華裔男子交談后，我覺(jué)得情況并非如此。在

90歲的時(shí)候，他表現(xiàn)出了一種令人驚訝的強(qiáng)烈的生活控制感。他在這個(gè)家里的老年人中特別活潑）”可知，

是一個(gè)活潑的90歲老年人讓作者改變了他對(duì)老年的態(tài)度。故選Bo

30主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章講述了作者在養(yǎng)老院遇到一位90高齡，但仍然充滿活力的老人，結(jié)合

第三段“Attheageof90,hedisplayedasurprisinglystrongsenseofcontroloverhislife.（在90歲的時(shí)候，他表

現(xiàn)出了一種令人驚訝的強(qiáng)烈的生活控制感）”和最后一段“IknewthatthiswasthekindofcontroloverlifethatI

wantedformyself.（我知道這就是我想要的那種對(duì)生活的控制）”可知，老人對(duì)生活的控制，即“做自己人生

的主人”，這種生活態(tài)度讓作者推崇備至，這也是作者想表達(dá)的主題，所以B項(xiàng)“按自己的法則生活”是最佳

標(biāo)題。故選Bo

D

（2023屆北京市石景山區(qū)一模）

Manyofusmayexperiencedinner-tabledebates.Onecommonsceneplaysoutasfollows.Youwantto

convinceafriendorafamilymemberofsomethingyouknowtheymaydisagree,andyoushareinformationand

walkthroughyourreasoningwiththem.Still,theyrejectyourcase.Howdoyoureactwhenyourpowersof

persuasionfail?Youmightdismissthepersonwhodoesn,tagreewithyourargumentsasnarrow-minded,foolishor

otherwiseoutoftouchwithreality.Thewholeexperiencemayfeelliketryingtoguidesomeoneonajourneywhen

theyrefusetofollow.Psychologistshavecreatedaterm,persuasionfatigue,todescribethisformoffrustration（懊

惱）.

Persuasionfatiguemaymakeithardertosuccessfullykeepchallengingconversations.Pastresearch

demonstratesthatfeelingfrustratedcanmakeyoumoreresistanttochangingyourmind.Italsoshowsthat

frustrationmayreduceyourabilitytorecognizewhyyourargumentsdon'tsucceed.Persuasionfatiguealso

explainswhy,whendebatesbreakdown,peopletendtoblametheirconversationalopponent.AsMarkTwainonce

wrote,cuInallmattersofopinion,ouropponentsareinsane（愚蠢的）Inpastfindings,peoplegenerallyreported

threetimesasmanyreasonswhyothers9faultsledtofaileddebatesratherthantheirownshortcomings.Itistrue

thatothersarenotalwaysopentoyourideas.Endingthediscussioncanthereforebetherightthingtodo.Butinan

overheateddebate,yourfatiguemayleadyoutomisinterpretthesituationandbelievethatyouropponentistoo

stupidtoseethetruth.Fortunately,psychologistssuggestsomesoundapproachestomanagingthesesituationsand

protectingyourrelationships.

Toreachyouraudience,itmaybeessentialtoexpressyourmessageintermsoftheirvalues,notyours.

Psychologistscallthis"moralrefraining.Infact,researchessuggestthatthesimpleactofacknowledgingvaluesof

thepeopleyou'retalkingto-tellingthemyouunderstandwherethey9recomingfrom,evenifyoudon't

agree-mayleadthemtolowertheirdefensesandopenupalittletonewarguments.

Yourfatiguemaybeevenworsebythinkingorassumingthatdebateisazero-sumstruggle-thatyouwinif,

andonlyif,youropponentloses.Butsometimesyou'rebetteroffseeinganargumentasacooperativeefforttofind

thetruth-lesslikeangryneighboursfightingovertheirpropertyline.Theneighboursmaplandtogetherby

viewingitfrommultipleangles.Similarly,debatescanhelpyoutriangulateaviewbetweenyouropinionandthe

otherperson's.

Thetendencytoblameothersforexhaustingdebateshasrealconsequences.Inourexhaustion,wemayfailto

seewhenourfrustrationsstemfromadeepdesireforconnection.Recognizingpersuasionfatigue-andhowwe

contributetoit-mayhelpuspassthroughheateddebateswithoutleavingthosewelovebehind.

31.Peoplemayexperiencepersuasionfatiguewhenthey.

A.tryinvaintoconvinceothersB.misinterpretothers9reasoning

C.adoptothers5viewsunwillinglyD.trytopersuadenarrow-mindedpeople

32.Whichisthepossibleconsequenceofpersuasionfatigue?

A.Onecan'tsticktohispointofview.B.Oneadmitshislimitsandweaknesses.

C.Onecan'tgettotherootoffaileddebates.D.Onefeelsincompetentforfurtherarguments.

33.WhydoestheauthorquoteMarkTwaininthepassage?

A.Tostresstheeffectofchangingothers'mind.B.Toconfirmthedifficultyofwinninganargument.

C.Toexplainthereasonforone'sendinganargumentD.Tosupporttheideaofone'stendencytoblame

others.

34.Whichistherecommendedsolutiontomanagingpersuasionfatigue?

A.Seeingadebateasazero-sumgame.B.Makinganeffortforcommonground.

C.Shiftingthetopictolowerothers'defenses.D.Reframingpointsbasedonone'sownvalues.

【答案】31.A32.C33.D34.B

【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一種現(xiàn)象一說(shuō)服疲勞，分析了其產(chǎn)生的原因，并介紹了解

決的方法。

31細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Youwanttoconvinceafriendorafamilymemberofsomethingyouknowthey

maydisagree,andyoushareinformationandwalkthroughyourreasoningwiththem.Still,theyrejectyourcase.

Howdoyoureactwhenyourpowersofpersuasionfail?Youmightdismissthepersonwhodoesn'tagreewithyour

argumentsasnarrow-minded,foolishorotherwiseoutoftouchwithreality.Thewholeexperiencemayfeellike

tryingtoguidesomeoneonajourneywhentheyrefusetofollow.Psychologistshavecreatedaterm,persuasion

fatigue,todescribethisformoffrustration（懊惱）.（你想說(shuō)服你的朋友或家人，你知道他們可能不同意，你分享

信息，并與他們解釋你的理由。盡管如此，他們還是拒絕了你的申請(qǐng)。當(dāng)你的說(shuō)服力失效時(shí)，你會(huì)作何反

應(yīng)？你可能會(huì)認(rèn)為不同意你觀點(diǎn)的人心胸狹窄、愚蠢或與現(xiàn)實(shí)脫節(jié)。整個(gè)經(jīng)歷可能就像在別人拒絕跟隨的

時(shí)候試圖引導(dǎo)他們旅行。心理學(xué)家創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)，說(shuō)服疲勞，來(lái)描述這種形式的懊惱。）”可知，說(shuō)服疲勞

指的是當(dāng)你盡力說(shuō)服對(duì)方，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)一切努力都是徒勞的時(shí)候所產(chǎn)生的懊惱感。故選A。

32細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Pastresearchdemonstratesthatfeelingfrustratedcanmakeyoumoreresistantto

changingyourmind.Italsoshowsthatfrustrationmayreduceyourabilitytorecognizewhyyourargumentsdon't

succeed.（過(guò)去的研究表明，感到沮喪會(huì)讓你更不愿意改變主意。它還表明，沮喪可能會(huì)降低你認(rèn)識(shí)到為什么

你的論點(diǎn)不成功的能力。）”可知，這種沮喪感會(huì)讓你不愿意改變主意，也會(huì)讓你無(wú)法認(rèn)清自己的說(shuō)服不成功

的真實(shí)的原因。故選C。

33推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中所引用的馬克?吐溫所說(shuō)的話的前一句"Persuasionfatiguealsoexplainswhy,when

debatesbreakdown,peopletendtoblametheirconversationalopponent.（說(shuō)服疲勞也解釋了為什么當(dāng)辯論破裂

時(shí)，人們傾向于指責(zé)他們的對(duì)話對(duì)手。）”以及馬克?吐溫所說(shuō)的話“Inallmattersofopinion,ouropponentsare

insane（愚蠢的）.（在所有的觀點(diǎn)問(wèn)題上，我們的對(duì)手都是愚蠢的）”可知，作者引用馬克?吐溫所說(shuō)的話是為了論

證自己的觀點(diǎn)，也就是當(dāng)辯論不成功時(shí)，人們傾向于指責(zé)自己的談話對(duì)方。故選D。

34推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"Butsometimesyou'rebetteroffseeinganargumentasacooperativeeffortto

findthetruth—lesslikeangryneighboursfightingovertheirpropertyline.（但有時(shí)，你最好把爭(zhēng)論看作是一種

尋找真相的合作努力，而不是像憤怒的鄰居為他們的財(cái)產(chǎn)線而爭(zhēng)吵一樣。戶可知，在處理說(shuō)服疲勞時(shí)，我們

可以把爭(zhēng)論視作尋找共同點(diǎn)。故選B。

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）

（2023屆北京市石景山區(qū)一模）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Adultsareoftenembarrassedaboutaskingforaid.It'sanactthatcanmakepeoplefeelemotionally

unsafe.35Seekingassistancecanfeellikeyouarebroadcastingyourincompetence.

Newres