膳食營養(yǎng)的基本概念Basicconceptsofdietarynutrition講解

膳食營養(yǎng)的基本概念BasicconceptsofdietarynutritionWeifangNursingVocationalCollege濰坊護(hù)理職業(yè)學(xué)院王冰

副教授AssociateProfessorWangBing01營養(yǎng)與膳食NutritionandDiet02膳食營養(yǎng)素參考攝入量DietaryReferenceIntakes目錄CONTENTS營養(yǎng)與膳食NutritionandDietPART01維持人體生命活動和健康所必需的物質(zhì)、能量和水分的供給和利用過程，它是人體正常生長發(fā)育、維持機(jī)體功能以及抵抗疾病的基礎(chǔ)。營養(yǎng)與膳食

NutritionandDietTheprovisionandutilizationofsubstances,energy,andwateressentialforsustaininghumanlifeandhealthformthebasisfornormalgrowth,development,maintenanceofbodilyfunctions,andresistancetodiseases.營養(yǎng)Nutrition人體獲取營養(yǎng)的主要途徑，包括食物的種類、量、搭配以及制備方式等。Themainpathwaysforthehumanbodytoobtainnutrition,includingthetypes,quantities,combinations,andpreparationmethodsoffood.膳食Diet提供了維持人體正常運作所必需的各種營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)，如碳水化合物、蛋白質(zhì)、脂肪、維生素和礦物質(zhì)等。Itprovidesavarietyofnutrientsessentialforthenormalfunctioningofthehumanbody,suchascarbohydrates,proteins,fats,vitamins,andminerals.營養(yǎng)膳食的重要性

Theimportanceofnutritiousdiet營養(yǎng)膳食有助于維持身體健康和功能，各種營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)在身體中發(fā)揮不同的作用，如蛋白質(zhì)參與組織修復(fù)，碳水化合物提供能量，維生素和礦物質(zhì)促進(jìn)身體各系統(tǒng)的正常運作。Nutritiousdietscontributetomaintainingoverallhealthandbodilyfunctions.Variousnutrientsplaydistinctroleswithinthebody,suchasproteinsbeinginvolvedintissuerepair,carbohydratesprovidingenergy,andvitaminsandmineralsfacilitatingthenormaloperationofthebody'ssystems.營養(yǎng)膳食的重要性

Theimportanceofnutritiousdiet良好的飲食結(jié)構(gòu)還可以預(yù)防慢性疾病，如心血管疾病、肥胖癥、糖尿病等，并增強(qiáng)人體的免疫力，提高身體對抗疾病的能力。Awell-balanceddietcanalsopreventchronicdiseasessuchascardiovasculardisease,obesity,diabetes,andstrengthenthehumanimmunesystem,enhancingthebody'sabilitytofightdisease.營養(yǎng)膳食的重要性

Theimportanceofnutritiousdiet食物多樣化

Fooddiversification堅果Nut豆類Beans全谷物WholeGrain蔬菜Vegetable水果Fruit能量Energy脂肪Fat糖Sugar鹽Salt食物多樣化

Fooddiversification旨在通過優(yōu)化膳食營養(yǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)、改善居民營養(yǎng)狀況、提高居民健康水平等方式，推動營養(yǎng)與膳食的健康發(fā)展。綜合性法律法規(guī)

ComprehensivelegalregulationsandlawsItaimstopromotethehealthydevelopmentofnutritionanddietbyoptimizingthedietarynutritionstructure,improvingthenutritionalstatusofresidents,andenhancingtheirhealthlevels.膳食營養(yǎng)素參考攝入量DietaryReferenceIntakesPART02為了滿足人群健康個體基本營養(yǎng)所需的能量和特定營養(yǎng)素的攝入量而制定的一組參考值。Asetofreferencevaluesestablishedtomeettheintakeofenergyandspecificnutrientsrequiredforthebasicnutritionalneedsofhealthyindividualsinapopulation.膳食營養(yǎng)素參考攝入量

DietaryReferenceIntakes

平均需要量（EAR）EstimatedAverageRequirement01

推薦攝入量（RNI）ReferenceNutrientIntake02

適宜攝入量（AI）AdequateIntake03

可耐受最高攝入量（UL）TolerableUpperIntakeLevel04四個營養(yǎng)水平指標(biāo)Fourlevelsofnutritionalindicators在日常生活中攝取的營養(yǎng)素的量，可以維持不同年齡段以及男女50%個體的健康。Theamountofnutrientsconsumedindailylifecanmaintainthehealthof50%ofindividualsacrossdifferentagegroupsandgenders.平均需要量（EAR）

EstimatedAverageRequirement四個營養(yǎng)水平指標(biāo)Fourlevelsofnutritionalindicators四個營養(yǎng)水平指標(biāo)Fourlevelsofnutritionalindicators推薦攝入量（RNI）

ReferenceNutrientIntake相當(dāng)于傳統(tǒng)使用的推薦膳食營養(yǎng)素的供給量，可以滿足某一類人群中的絕大多數(shù)個體的需要。ItisequivalenttothetraditionallyusedRecommendedDietaryAllowance(RDA)ofnutrients,whichcanmeettheneedsofthevastmajorityofindividualswithinacertainpopulationgroup.四個營養(yǎng)水平指標(biāo)Fourlevelsofnutritionalindicators適宜攝入量（AI）

AdequateIntake通過實驗、觀察等途徑獲得的健康人群某種營養(yǎng)素的攝入量，雖然其準(zhǔn)確性不如推薦攝入量，但可以滿足目標(biāo)人群中幾乎所有個體的需要。Theintakeofacertainnutrientinhealthyindividualsobtainedthroughexperiments,observations,andothermeans,althoughnotasaccurateastherecommendedintake,canmeettheneedsofalmostallindividualsinthetargetpopulati