細(xì)菌的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)徐單單Theuniquestructureofbacteria講解

細(xì)菌的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)2主講老師：徐單單Theuniquestructureofbacteria

GuangdongFoodandDrugVocationalCollege廣東食品藥品職業(yè)學(xué)院細(xì)菌的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)201Theuniquestructureofbacteria01細(xì)菌的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)2

Theuniquestructureofbacteria細(xì)菌的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)Theuniquestructureofbacteria芽孢莢膜鞭毛菌毛特殊結(jié)構(gòu)uniquestructuresporecapsuleflagellumPili圖1.細(xì)菌結(jié)構(gòu)模式圖Figure1.Bacterialstructuralpatterndiagram

（1）鞭毛，體外、細(xì)長、彎曲、蛋白質(zhì)絲狀物成分，鞭毛蛋白

Ingredients,flagellinprotein(1)Flagella,invitro,slender,curved,proteinfilaments細(xì)菌的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)Theuniquestructureofbacteria產(chǎn)生鞭毛的細(xì)菌種類，多數(shù)弧菌、螺菌

Thetypesofbacteriathatproduceflagella,mostofwhichareVibrioandSpirogyra數(shù)目與大小1～數(shù)十根，Φ10～30nm

Numberandsize:1totensofroots,withadiameterof10to30nm

細(xì)菌的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)Theuniquestructureofbacteria鞭毛類型單毛、雙毛、叢毛、周毛、側(cè)毛

Flagellatypes:singlehair,doublehair,tufthair,circumferentialhair,lateralhair觀察方法電鏡、鞭毛染色、半固體培養(yǎng)

Observationmethods:Electronmicroscopy,flagellastaining,semi-solidculture圖2.鞭毛類型Figure2.Typesofflagella單毛雙毛叢毛周毛單毛雙毛一端叢生圖3.細(xì)菌的鞭毛

Figure3.flagellaofbacteria兩端叢生鞭毛周生鞭毛圖4.顯微鏡下觀察的細(xì)菌鞭毛

Figure4.Bacterialflagellaobservedusingamicroscope鞭毛功能Thefunctionofflagella

運動器官：

具有趨避性Motororgans:havetendencytoavoid與致病性有關(guān)Relatedtopathogenicity

有抗原性：

H-抗原Antigenicity:H-antigen鑒別作用Identificationfunction

（2）菌毛，體表、比鞭毛更為纖細(xì)、短、直、硬的蛋白質(zhì)絲狀物，與運動無關(guān)

(2)

Fimbriae,proteinfilamentsonthesurfaceofthebodythatare

thinner,shorter,straighter,andharderthanflagella,unrelatedtomovement細(xì)菌的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)Theuniquestructureofbacteria產(chǎn)生菌毛的細(xì)菌種類，主要G-菌

Thetypesofbacteriathatproducepili,mainlyG-bacteria成分，菌毛蛋白

Ingredients,pilinprotein觀察方法，電鏡觀察

Observationmethod,electronmicroscopyobservation圖5.顯微鏡下觀察得到的細(xì)菌菌毛Figure5.Bacterialpiliobservedusingamicroscope菌毛種類，普通菌毛及性菌毛Typesofpili,ordinarypiliandsexualpili功能：黏附，與致病性有關(guān)Function:Adhesion,relatedtopathogenicity特點：多、密、短、細(xì)、直，周身分布Characteristics:Multiple,dense,short,thin,straight,distributedthroughoutthebody

①普通菌毛①Ordinarypili

菌毛種類，普通菌毛及性菌毛Typesofpili,ordinarypiliandsexualpili

②性菌毛特點：1-4根；長、粗、空、較彎曲編碼質(zhì)粒：F質(zhì)粒

有F質(zhì)粒→產(chǎn)生性菌毛→F+菌株；

無F質(zhì)粒→不產(chǎn)生性菌毛→F-菌株。功能：傳遞遺傳物質(zhì)圖6.F+菌與F-菌經(jīng)性菌毛接合Figure6.F+bacteriaandF-bacteriaundergosexualfimbrialconjugationF+菌株F-菌株性菌毛普通菌毛目標(biāo)檢測Targetdetection細(xì)菌的運動器官是（

）。Themovingorganofbacteriais().A.莢膜

A.

CapsuleB.普通菌毛

B.

OrdinarypiliC.鞭毛

C.FlagellaD.性菌毛

D.SexualpiliC.鞭毛

C.Flagella小結(jié)：本次內(nèi)容主要講述了細(xì)菌的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)鞭毛、菌毛，

包括它們的結(jié)構(gòu)、功能Summary:Thiscontentmainly