2024-2025學(xué)年高中英語Unit5ThemeparksSectionⅢGrammar構(gòu)詞法教師用書教案新人教版必修4

PAGEUnit5Themeparks構(gòu)詞法語境自主領(lǐng)悟先視察單詞后自主感悟①chairman主席newspaper報紙hometown家鄉(xiāng)airport機(jī)場sunrise日出②dislike不喜愛incorrect不正確的unlucky不走運(yùn)的retell復(fù)述telephone電話③reader讀者inventor獨(dú)創(chuàng)家Chinese中國人Indian印度人artist藝術(shù)家kindness親善operation手術(shù)④water水/澆水dry干的/弄干book書籍/預(yù)訂nurse護(hù)士/護(hù)理better更好/改善1.①組中的單詞是將兩個單詞合并在一起，形成一個新的單詞。這種構(gòu)詞法被稱之為合成。2.②組中的單詞都是在各自的詞根前加了不同的前綴，如dis-，in-，un-，re-，tele-等。3.③組中的單詞是在各自的詞根后加了不同的后綴，如-er，-or，-ess，-ian等。4.②③組中單詞的構(gòu)詞法被稱之為派生。5.④組中的單詞所展示的構(gòu)詞法被稱之為轉(zhuǎn)化。英語中詞的構(gòu)成方法主要有三種：合成、派生和轉(zhuǎn)化。一、合成由兩個或更多的詞合成一個詞，有的用連字符“–”連接，有的干脆寫在一起，還有的由分開的兩個詞構(gòu)成。1．合成名詞構(gòu)成方式舉例名詞＋名詞weekend周末headmaster校長名詞＋動詞daybreak破曉heartbeat心跳名詞＋動詞–inghandwriting書法speed–reading快速閱讀動詞＋名詞postcard明信片動詞–ing＋名詞waiting–room候車室reading–room閱覽室形容詞＋名詞fastfood快餐highway馬路動詞＋副詞grow–up成年人名詞＋介詞looker–on旁觀者passer–by路人名詞＋介詞＋名詞son–in–law女婿sister–in–law嫂子合成名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的留意事項(xiàng)：(1)由“可數(shù)名詞＋介詞(短語)”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時，把前面的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)。father–in–law→fathers–in–law(2)由man和woman構(gòu)成的合成名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時，兩個名詞都要變成復(fù)數(shù)。awomanteacher→womenteachersamandoctor→mendoctors(3)由“名詞＋名詞”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞，在變復(fù)數(shù)時，只變中心名詞，修飾名詞不變。agirlfriend→girlfriends2．合成形容詞構(gòu)詞方式例詞形容詞＋名詞＋-edwarm–hearted熱心腸的cold–blooded冷血的形容詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞good–looking好看的easy–going簡單相處的形容詞＋過去分詞new–born新生的state–owned國有的副詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞hard–working勤勞的名詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞English–speaking說英語的peace–loving愛好和平的副詞＋過去分詞newly–built新建的well–known著名的名詞＋過去分詞man–made人造的heart–felt由衷的數(shù)詞＋名詞＋形容詞twelve–year–old十二歲的five–meter–long五米長的3.合成副詞構(gòu)詞方式例詞介詞＋名詞underfoot在腳下beforehand事先副詞＋名詞upstairs在樓上；downstairs在樓下副詞＋副詞however無論如何；然而；可是代詞＋副詞anywhere任何地方somehow不知怎么地代詞＋名詞someday(今后)有一天someway以某種方式副詞＋介詞nearby旁邊4.合成動詞構(gòu)詞方式例詞副詞＋動詞overthrow推翻；overcome克服名詞＋動詞typewrite打字；sleepwalk夢游形容詞＋動詞broadcast廣播；safeguard保衛(wèi)5.合成代詞構(gòu)詞方式例詞代詞賓格＋–selfitself它自身物主代詞＋–selfmyself我自己形容詞＋名詞anything任何東西something某物，某事6.合成介詞構(gòu)詞方式例詞副詞＋名詞inside在……里面介詞＋副詞within在……之內(nèi)；without沒有副詞＋介詞into進(jìn)入[即時演練1]寫出黑體單詞的詞義①Shestaredoutofthewindow，lostinadaydream.白日夢②Thereiswidespreadsupportforthenewplan.廣泛的③Howmanyfull–timeworkershavewegot？全職的④Asweallknow，thedaisy(光明)opensatsunriseandclosesatsunset.sunrise日出；sunset日落二、轉(zhuǎn)化法一個單詞由一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種或幾種詞性。轉(zhuǎn)化詞例詞動詞→名詞walkv．行走→walkn．漫步swimv．游泳→swimn．游泳名詞↓動詞表示物體的bookn．書→bookv．預(yù)訂shipn．船→shipv．用船運(yùn)輸表示人體部位的handn．手→handv．遞交headn．頭→headv．朝……方向表示一類人的nursen．護(hù)士→nursev．護(hù)理fooln．傻子→foolv．愚弄表示自然現(xiàn)象的rainn．雨→rainv．下雨snown．雪→snowv．下雪形容詞→動詞dryadj.干的→dryv．使變干cleanadj.干凈的→cleanv．把……擦干凈副詞→動詞outadv.出來→outv．揭露形容詞→名詞whiteadj.白色的→whiten．白種人nativeadj.本地的→nativen．本地人特別轉(zhuǎn)化mustmodalv．必需→mustn．必需做的事[即時演練2]寫出黑體單詞的詞性和詞義①Eachapartmentcanhouseafamilyofsix.vt.容納②Heinsistedonstayinguptonursethechild.vt.護(hù)理③Thewomenarecrossandbored.adj.生氣的④Thetrainsloweddown.vi.減緩⑤Ihavebookedmyticketandboughtthreebooksformysister.第一個book是動詞，預(yù)訂；其次個book是名詞，書三、派生法即在詞根之前加前綴或在詞根之后加后綴構(gòu)成一個與原來單詞意思相近或截然相反的單詞。除少數(shù)前綴外，前綴一般變更單詞的意思，不變更詞性；后綴一般變更單詞的詞性，并不引起詞義的變更。1．前綴構(gòu)詞法前綴含義例詞dis–不；否定dissatisfy使不滿足；dishonest不誠懇的un–不unable不能夠；unlucky不幸的做相反動作undress脫衣服；unload卸貨in–im–ir–il–不；非inactive不活躍的；incorrect不正確的impolite沒有禮貌的；impossible不行能的irregular不規(guī)則的；illogical不合邏輯的non–不；非non–existent不存在的；non–stop不停的mis–錯誤的；壞的misunderstand誤會；misfortune厄運(yùn)re–重復(fù)；再rewrite重寫；remarry再婚；retell復(fù)述en–使能夠enable使能夠；enrich使豐富super–在上面；超級superstar巨星；supermodel超級模特；supermarket超市under–在……之下underground地下的；underestimate低估inter–相互；之間international國際的；interact相互作用pre–預(yù)先；在……之前predict預(yù)報；preview預(yù)習(xí)2.后綴構(gòu)詞法后綴含義例詞–ence/–ance構(gòu)成抽象名詞evidence證據(jù)；importance重要性；significance重要性；dependence依靠–cion/–sion/–tion/–ation動作；狀態(tài)suspicion懷疑；explosion爆炸；repetition重復(fù)；organization組織–er/–or人或物cooker炊具；writer作家；operator操作員；actor演員；tractor拖拉機(jī)–ism主義socialism社會主義；capitalism資本主義–ist……主義者；……家scientist科學(xué)家；dentist牙醫(yī)–ment行為；結(jié)果；狀態(tài)；性質(zhì)movement運(yùn)動；achievement成就；government政府；equipment設(shè)備；development發(fā)展–ship關(guān)系；身份seamanship航海術(shù)；friendship友情；citizenship公民身份–hood身份；性質(zhì)；時代adulthood成年；childhood童年；neighbourhood四鄰–ty狀態(tài)；性質(zhì)honesty誠懇；difficulty困難；anxiety焦慮–ure結(jié)果；行為；狀態(tài)；實(shí)物pleasure興奮；picture圖畫；pressure壓力–al動作過程；結(jié)果approval同意；arrival到達(dá)；到達(dá)者形容詞后綴–able/-ibleenjoyable開心的；horrible可怕的–ishfoolish愚蠢的；childish孩子氣的–fulhopeful有希望的；careful細(xì)致的–lesshopeless無希望的；useless無用的–lyfriendly友好的；motherly母親般的形容詞后綴–yrainy下雨的；dusty布滿灰塵的–antimportant重要的；pleasant開心的–edexcited感到興奮的；tired疲憊的–inginteresting令人感愛好的副詞后綴–lyhappily歡樂地；bravely英勇地–ward/–wardsnorthward朝北；forwards向前[即時演練3]用所給單詞的正確形式填空①Itmusthavebeenfairly(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers，withallthesmokeandnoise.②Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththeintroduction(introduce)ofelectric–poweredenginesandlifts.③However，becareful(care)nottogotoextremes.Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Theboydidn'tpasstheentranceexamination，sohisparentswereunhappy(happy)abouttheresult.2．Itishopedthatnatural(nature)resourceswillbefoundonMars.3．Hewasoneofthegreatestthinkers(think)andhadagreateffectonChineseculture.4．OnNewYear'sDay，wevisitedeveryneighborinthevillageandweregreetedwarmly(warm)ateachhouse.5．Afteralongdiscussion(discuss)withherfather，shedecidednottotakethejob.6．TheGreatWallinChinaleftadeepimpression(impress)onthepeopleallovertheworld.7．Fatherlookedattheresultofhisson'sexaminationwithsatisfaction(satisfy)．8．Itwasimpolite(polite)ofyoutoaskhimthepersonalquestioninfrontofsomanypeople.9．Martinwasveryhelpful(help)；wecouldn'thavefinishedtheworkontimewithouthim.10．MrLeesaidthatthesmilesandhappiness(happy)ofthechildrengavehimgreatcourageeveryday.Ⅱ.寫出下列句中畫線單詞的詞性和詞義1．①Takeafewdeep，slowbreaths.adj.緩慢的②Youmustslowdownalittleoryou'llmakeyourselfil