2025年專四英語閱讀練習(xí)

People

have

been

painting

pictures

for

at

least30,000

years.

The

earliest

pictures

were

painted

bypeople

who

hunted

animals.

They

used

to

paintpictures

of

the

animals

they

wanted

to

catch

and

of

this

kind

have

been

found

on

the

walls

ofcaves

in

France

and

Spain.

No

one

knows

why

theywere

painted

there.

Perhaps

the

painters

thoughtthat

their

pictures

would

help

them

to

catch

theseanimals.

Or

perhaps

human

beings

have

always

wanted

to

tell

stories

in

pictures.About

5,000

years

ago,

the

Egyptians

and

other

people

in

the

Near

East

began

to

use

picturesas

kind

of

writing.

They

drew

simple

pictures

or

signs

to

represent

things

and

ideas,

and

also

torepresent

the

sounds

of

their

language.

The

signs

these

people

used

became

a

kind

Egyptians

used

to

record

information

and

to

tell

stories

by

putting

picture

writingand

pictures

together.

When

an

important

person

died,

scenes

and

stories

from

his

life

werepainted

and

carved

on

the

walls

of

the

place

where

he

was

buried.

Some

of

these

pictures

arelike

modern

comic

strip

stories.

It

has

been

said

that

Egypt

is

the

home

of

the

comic

,

for

the

Egyptians,

pictures

still

had

magic

power.

So

they

did

not

try

to

make

their

way

ofwriting

simple.

The

ordinary

people

could

not

understand

it.By

the

year

1,000

BC,

people

who

lived

in

the

area

around

the

Mediterranean

Sea

haddeveloped

a

simpler

system

of

writing.

The

signs

they

used

were

very

easy

to

write,

and

therewere

fewer

of

them

than

in

the

Egyptian

system.

This

was

because

each

sign,

or

letter,represented

only

one

sound

in

their

language.

The

Greeks

developed

this

system

and

formedthe

letters

of

the

Greek

alphabet.

The

Romans

copied

the

idea,

and

the

Roman

alphabet

isnow

used

all

over

the

world.These

days,

we

can

write

down

a

story,

or

record

information,

without

using

pictures.

But

westill

need

pictures

of

all

kinds:

drawing,

photographs,

signs

and

diagrams.

We

find

themeverywhere:

in

books

and

newspapers,

in

the

street,

and

on

the

walls

of

the

places

where

welive

and

work.

Pictures

help

us

to

understand

and

remember

things

more

easily,

and

they

canmake

a

story

much

more

interesting.?1.

Pictures

of

animals

were

painted

on

the

walls

of

caves

in

France

and

Spain

because

?______?.?A.

the

hunters

wanted

to

see

the

pictures?B.

the

painters

were

animal

lovers?C.

the

painters

wanted

to

show

imagination?D.

the

pictures

were

thought

to

be

helpful?2.

The

Greek

alphabet

was

simpler

than

the

Egyptian

system

for

all

the

following

reasonsEXCEPT

that

?______.A.

the

former

was

easy

to

write?B.

there

were

fewer

signs

in

the

former?C.

the

former

was

easy

to

pronounce?D.

each

sign

stood

for

only

one

sound?3.

Which

of

the

following

statements

is

TRUE??A.

The

Egyptian

signs

later

became

a

particular

alphabet.?B.

The

Egyptians

liked

to

write

comic?strip

stories.?C.

The

Roman

alphabet

was

developed

from

the

Egyptian

one.?D.

The

Greeks

copied

their

writing

system

from

the

Egyptians.?4.

In

the

last

paragraph,

the

author

thinks

that

pictures

?______?.?A.

should

be

made

comprehensible?B.

should

be

made

interesting?C.

are

of

much

use

in

our

life?D.

have

disappeared

from

our

life參照答案：1.

D)根據(jù)文章第一段第五行“Perhaps

the

paintersthought

that

their

pictures

would

help

them

to

catchthese

animals.”可知古代人認(rèn)為在墻上畫畫會(huì)對(duì)他們有所協(xié)助，故選項(xiàng)D為對(duì)的答案。?2.

C)在做此類題時(shí)要注意題干的規(guī)定。通過閱讀文章第四段很清晰就懂得選項(xiàng)C

“前者輕易發(fā)音”在文中沒有提及，故為對(duì)的答案。?3.

A)可用排除法來做本題。通過閱讀文章很清晰選項(xiàng)B和D為錯(cuò)誤陳說。選項(xiàng)C

“羅馬字母是從埃及字母發(fā)展而來的”根據(jù)文章第四段第四，五句可知為錯(cuò)誤論述，因此只有選項(xiàng)A為對(duì)的答案。4.

C)文章最終一段講述了圖畫在今天的用途，故選項(xiàng)C為對(duì)的答案。（二）As

the

merchant

class

expanded

in

the

eighteenth?century

North

American

Colonies,

the

silversmithand

the

coppersmith

businesses

rose

to

serve

a

few

silversmiths

were

available

in

New

Yorkor

Boston

in

the

late

seventeenth

century,

but

in

theeighteenth

century

they

could

be

found

in

all

majorcolonial

cities.

No

other

colonial

artisans

rivaled

thesilversmiths’

prestige.

They

handled

the

mostexpensive

materials

and

possessed

direct

connections

to

prosperous

colonial

merchants.

Theirproducts,

primarily

silver

plates

and

bowls,

reflected

their

exalted

status

and

testified

to

theircustomers’

prominence.

Silver

stood

as

one

of

the

surest

ways

to

store

wealth

at

a

time

beforeneighborhood

banks

existed.

Unlike

the

silver

coins

from

which

they

were

made,

silver

articleswere

readily

identifiable.

Often

formed

to

individual

specifications,

they

always

carried

thesilversmith’s

distinctive

markings

and

consequently

could

be

traced

and

generally

secure

the

silver

for

the

silver

object

they

ordered.

They

saved

coins,

tookthem

to

smiths,

and

discussed

the

type

of

pieces

they

desired.

Silversmiths

complied

with

theserequests

by

melting

the

money

in

a

small

furnace,

adding

a

bit

of

copper

to

form

a

strongeralloy,

and

casting

the

alloy

in

rectangular

blocks.

They

hammered

these

ingots

to

theappropriate

thickness

by

hand,

shaped

them

and

pressed

designs

into

them

for

was

also

done

by

hand.

In

addition

to

plates

and

bowls,

some

customers

soughtmore

intricate

products,

such

as

silver

teapots.

These

were

made

by

shaping

or

casting

partsseparately

and

then

soldering

them

together.

Colonial

coppersmithing

also

come

of

age

in

theearly

eighteenth

century

and

prospered

in

northern

cities.

Copper’s

ability

to

conduct

heatefficiently

and

to

resist

corrosion

contributed

to

its

attractiveness.

But

because

it

wasexpensive

in

colonial

America,

coppersmiths

were

never

very

numerous.

Virtually

all

copperworked

by

Smiths

was

imported

as

sheets

or

obtained

by

recycling

old

copper

goods.

Copperwas

used

for

practical

items,

but

it

was

not

admired

for

its

beauty.

Coppersmiths

employed

it

tofashion

pots

and

kettles

for

the

home.

They

shaped

it

in

much

the

same

manner

as

silver

ormelted

it

in

a

foundry

with

lead

or

tin.

They

also

mixed

it

with

zinc

to

make

brass

for

maritimeand

scientific

instruments.?

to

the

passage,

which

of

the

following

eighteenth

century

developments

had

strongimpact

on

silversmiths??A.

A

decrease

in

the

cost

of

silver.?B.

The

invention

of

heat

efficient

furnaces.?C.

The

growing

economic

prosperity

of

colonial

merchants.?D.

The

development

of

new

tools

used

to

shape

silver.?

colonial

America,

where

did

silversmiths

usually

obtain

the

material

to

make

silver

articles??A.

From

their

own

mines.?B.

From

importers.?C.

From

other

silversmiths.?D.

From

customers.

passage

mentions

all

of

the

following

as

uses

for

copper

in

Colonial

America

EXCEPT

?______?.?A.

cooking

pots

?B.

scientific

instruments

?C.

musical

instruments

?D.

maritime

instruments

to

the

passage,

silversmiths

and

coppersmiths

in

colonial

America

were

similar

inwhich

of

the

following

ways??A.

The

amount

of

social

prestige

they

had.?B.

The

way

they

shaped

the

etal

they

worked

with.?C.

The

cost

of

the

goods

they

made.?D.

The

practicality

of

the

goods

they

made.參照答案：1.

C)根據(jù)文章第一句“As

the

merchant

classexpanded

in

the

eighteenth?century

North

AmericanColonies,...”可知，伴隨在拾八世紀(jì)的北美殖民地商人階級(jí)膨脹起來，也就是說那時(shí)的商人財(cái)富有了很大的發(fā)展，銀匠銅匠們有機(jī)會(huì)發(fā)揮他們的專長(zhǎng)了，這與選項(xiàng)C恰好相符。?2.

D)根據(jù)文章第拾四、五行“Customers

generallysecures

…object

they

ordered.

They

saved

coins,

took

them

to

smiths,

and...”可知顧客要做銀器，首先要積攢銀幣，然後拿到銀匠處加工成他們想要的形狀。選項(xiàng)D“來自客戶”與之相符。3.

C)文章末尾在提到銅的用途時(shí)惟獨(dú)沒有提到樂器。?4.

B)根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第四行“They

shaped

it

in

much

the

same

manner

as

silver

or

melted

it

in

afoundry

with

lead

or

tin.”可知銀匠和銅匠在銀器和銅器的塑型方式上是同樣的，故選項(xiàng)B為對(duì)的答案。（三）Nature's

Gigantic

Snow

PloughOn

January

10,1962,

an

enormous

piece

of

glacierbroke

away

and

tumbled

down

the

side

of

amountain

in

Peru.

A

mere

seven

minutes

later,

whencascading

ice

finally

came

to

a

stop

ten

miles

downthe

mountain,

it

had

taken

the

lives

of

4,000

people.This

disaster

is

one

of

the

most“devastating”examples

of

a

very

common

event:

an

avalanche

of

snow

or

ice.

Because

it

isextremely

cold

at

very

high

altitudes,

snow

rarely

melts.

It

just

keeps

piling

up

higher

andhigher.

Glaciers

are

eventually

created

when

the

weight

of

the

snow

is

so

great

that

the

lowerlayers

are

pressed

into

solid

ice.

But

most

avalanches

occur

long

before

this

happens.

As

snowaccumulates

on

a

steep

slope,

it

reaches

a

critical

point

at

which

the

slightest

vibration

willsend

it

sliding

into

the

valley

below.Even

an

avalanche

of

light

power

can

be

dangerous,

but

the

Peruvian

catastrophe

wasparticularly

terrible

because

it

was

caused

by

a

heavy

layer

of

ice.

It

is

estimated

that

the

icethat

broke

off

weighed

three

million

tons.

As

it

crashed

down

the

steep

mountainside

like

agigantic

snow

plough,

it

swept

up

trees,

boulders

and

tons

of

topsoil,

and

completely

crushedand

destroyed

the

six

villages

that

lay

in

its

path.At

present

there

is

no

way

to

predict

or

avoid

such

enormous

avalanches,

but,

luckily,

theyare

very

rare.

Scientists

are

constantly

studying

the

smaller,

more

common

avalanches,

to

tryto

understand

what

causes

them.

In

the

future,

perhaps

dangerous

masses

of

snow

and

icecan

be

found

and

removed

before

they

take

human

lives.?1.

The

first

paragraph

catches

the

reader's

attention

with

a

?_____?.A.

first

hand

report?B.

dramatic

description?C.

tall

tale?D.

vivid

world

picture

?2.

In

this

passage

"devastating"

means

?______?.A.

violently

ruinous?B.

spectacularly

interesting?C.

stunning?D.

unpleasant

?3.

The

passage

is

mostly

about

?______?.?A.

avalanchesB.

glaciersC.

PeruD.

mountains參照答案：1.

A)文章的第一段就像一種新聞報(bào)道，報(bào)道了在秘魯發(fā)生的雪崩的劫難性後果，一下子就吸引了讀者的注意力。?2.

A)根據(jù)語境線索可判斷出詞義為A。?3.

A)通讀全文可知，文章重要是講述雪崩的形成。Most

of

us

are

taught

to

pay

attention

to

what

issaid—the

words.

Words

do

provide

us

with

someinformation,

but

meanings

are

derived

from

so

manyother

sources

that

it

would

hinder

our

effectivenessas

a

partner

to

a

relationship

to

rely

too

heavily

onwords

alone.

Words

are

used

to

describe

only

asmall

part

of

the

many

ideas

we

associate

with

anygiven

message.

Sometimes

we

can

gain

insight

intosome

of

those

associations

if

we

listen

for

more

than

words.

We

don't

always

say

what

wemean

or

mean

what

we

say.

Sometimes

our

words

don't

mean

anything

except

"

I'm

letting

offsome

steam.

I

don't

really

want

you

to

pay

close

attention

to

what

I'm

saying.

Just

payattention

to

what

I'm

feeling."

Mostly

we

mean

several

things

at

once.

A

person

wanting

topurchase

a

house

says

to

the

current

owner,"This

step

has

to

be

fixed

before

I'll

buy."

Theowner

says,"

It's

been

like

that

for

years."

Actually,

the

step

hasn't

been

like

that

for

years,but

the

unspoken

message

is:"

I

don't

want

to

fix

it.

We

put

up

with

it.

Why

can't

you?"

Thesearch

for

a

more

expansive

view

of

meaning

can

be

developed

of

examining

a

message

interms

of

who

said

it,

when

it

occurred,

the

related

conditions

or

situation,

and

how

it

was

said.When

a

message

occurs

can

also

reveal

associated

meaning.

Let

us

assume

two

couples

doexactly

the

same

amount

of

kissing

and

arguing.

But

one

couple

always

kisses

after

anargument

and

the

other

couple

always

argues

after

a

kiss.

The

ordering

of

the

behaviors

maymean

a

great

deal

more

than

the

frequency

of

the

behavior.

A

friend's

unusually

docilebehavior

may

only

be

understood

by

noting

that

it

was

preceded

by

situations

that

required

anabnormal

amount

of

assertiveness.

Some

responses

may

be

directly

linked

to

a

developingpattern

of

responses

and

defy

logic.

For

example,

a

person

who

says

"No!"

to

a

serials

ofcharges

like

"You're

dumb,""You're

lazy,"

and

"You're

dishonest,"

may

also

say

"No!"

and

try

tojustify

his

or

her

response

if

the

next

statement

is

"And

you're

good

looking."We

would

do

well

to

listen

for

how

messages

are

presented.

The

words,"If

sure

has

been

niceto

have

you

over,"

can

be

said

with

emphasis

and

excitement

or

ritualistically.

The

phrase

canbe

said

once

or

repeated

several

times.

And

the

meanings

we

associate

with

the

phrase

willchange

accordingly.

Sometimes

if

we

say

something

infrequently

it

assumes

more

importance;sometimes

the

more

we

say

something

the

less

importance

it

assumes.

communication

is

rendered

possible

between

two

conversing

partners,

if

___.

use

proper

words

to

carry

their

ideas.

both

speak

truly

of

their

own

feelings.

try

to

understand

each

other's

ideas

beyond

words.

are

capable

of

associating

meaning

with

their

words.2."I'm

letting

off

some

steam"

in

paragraph

1

means___.

'm

just

calling

your

attention.

'm

just

kidding.

'm

just

saying

the

opposite.

'm

just

giving

off

some

sound.

house-owner's

example

shows

that

he

actually

means___.

step

has

been

like

that

for

years.

doesn't

think

it

necessary

to

fix

the

step.

condition

of

the

step

is

only

a

minor

fault.

cost

involved

in

the

fixing

should

be

shared.

responses

and

behaviors

may

appear

very

illogical,

but

are

justifiable

if___.

to

an

abnormal

amount

of

assertiveness.

as

one's

habitual

pattern

of

behavior.

as

part

of

an

ordering

sequence.

to

a

series

of

charges.

word

"ritualistically"

in

the

last

paragraph

equals

something

done___.

true

intention.

.

a

way

of

ceremony.

less

emphasis.答案：DBABCMigration

is

usually

defined

as

"permanent

orsemipermanent

change

o

f

residence"."This

broad

definition,

of

course,

would

include

amove

across

the

street

or

a

cross

a

city.

Our

concernis

with

movement

between

nations,

not

withinternal

mi

gration

within

nations,

although

suchmovements

often

exceed

international

movem

entsin

volume.

Today,

the

motives

of

people

who

move

short

distances

are

very

s

imilar

to

those

ofinternational

migrants".Students

of

human

migration

speak

of

"push"

and

"pull"

factors,

which

influe

nce

anindividual's

decision

to

move

from

one

place

to

another.

Push

factors

are

associated

with

theplace

of

origin.

A

push

factor

can

be

as

simple

and

mild

a

matter

as

difficulty

in

finding

asuitable

job,

or

as

traumatic

as

war,

or

sever

e

famine.

Obviously,

refugees

who

leave

theirhomes

with

guns

pointed

at

their

heads

are

motivated

almost

entirely

by

push

factors(although

pull

factors

do

in

fluence

their

choice

of

destination).Pull

factors

are

those

associated

with

the

place

of

destination.

Most

of

thes

e

are

economic,such

as

better

job

opportunities

or

the

availability

of

good

lan

d

to

farm.

The

latter

was

animportant

factor

in

attracting

settlers

to

the

Unit

ed

States

during

the

19th

century.

In

general,pull

factors

add

up

to

an

apparen

tly

better

chance

for

a

good

life

and

material

well?being

thanis

offered

by

th

e

place

of

origin.

When

there

is

a

choice

between

several

attractive

potential

destinations,

the

deciding

factor

might

be

a

non?economic

consideration

such

as

the

presenceof

relatives,

friends,

or

at

least

fellow

countrymen

already

establ

ished

in

the

new

place

who

arewilling

to

help

the

newcomers

settle

in.

Consider

ations

of

this

sort

lead

to

the

development

ofmigration

flow.Besides

push

and

pull

factors,

there

are

what

the

sociologists

call

"intervenin

g

obstacles".

Evenif

push

and/or

pull

factors

are

very

strong

they

still

may

b

e

outweighed

by

interveningobstacles,

such

as

the

distance

of

the

move,

the

tro

uble

and

cost

of

moving,

the

difficulty

ofentering

the

new

country,

and

the

pro

blems

likely

to

be

encountered

on

arrival.The

decision

to

move

is

also

influenced

by

"personal

factors"

of

the

potential

migrant.

Thesame

push?pull

factors

and

obstacles

operate

differently

on

diffe

rent

people,

sometimesbecause

they

are

at

different

stages

of

their

lives,

or

j

ust

because

of

their

varying

abilities

andpersonalities.

The

prospect

of

packin

g

up

everything

and

moving

to

a

new

and

perhaps

verystrange

environment

may

app

ear

interesting

and

challenging

to

an

unmarried

young

manand

appallingly

diffic

ult

to

a

slightly

older

man

with

a

wife

and

small

kids.

Similarly,

the

need

to

learn

a

new

language

and

customs

may

excite

one

person

and

frighten

another.Regardless

of

why

people

move,

migration

of

large

numbers

of

people

causes

confl

ict.

TheUnited

States

and

other

western

countries

have

experienced

adjustment

p

roblems

with

eachnew

wave

of

immigrants.

The

newest

arrivals

are

usually

given

the

lowest?paid

jobs

and

areresented

by

native

people

who

may

have

to

compete

with

them

for

those

jobs.

It

has

usuallytaken

several

decades

for

each

group

to

be

accepted

into

the

mainstream

of

society

in

the

hostcountry.?1.

The

author

thinks

that

pull

factors

?______?.?A.

are

all

related

to

economic

considerations?B.

are

not

as

decisive

as

push

factors?C.

include

a

range

of

considerations?D.

are

more

important

than

push

factors

?2.

People's

decisions

to

migrate

might

be

influenced

by

all

the

following

EXCEPT

______?.?A.

personalities?B.

education?C.

marital

status?D.

abilities

?3.

The

purpose

of

the

passage

is

to

discuss

______?.?A.

the

problems

of

international

migrants?B.

the

motives

of

international

migrants?C.

migration

inside

the

country?D.

migration

between

countries

?1.

C)根據(jù)第三段可知pull

factors不僅和economicconsiderations有關(guān)，還和non?economicconsiderations有關(guān)，由此可排除選項(xiàng)A。選項(xiàng)B和D在文中沒有提及，故只有C為對(duì)的答案。?2.

B)此題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第五段可知惟有education沒有提及。3.

B)此題為主旨題。通過閱讀該文可知文章重要是講述促使人們?cè)趪H間移民的原因，這與選項(xiàng)B相符。What

we

know

of

prenatal

development

makes

allthis

attempt

made

by

a

mother

to

mold

thecharacter

of

her

unborn

child

by

studying

poetry,

art,or

mathematics

during

pregnancy

seem

utterlyimpossible.

How

could

such

extremely

complexinfluences

pass

from

the

mother

to

the

child?

Thereis

no

connection

between

their

nervous

the

blood

vessels

of

mother

and

child

do

notjoin

directly.

An

emotional

shock

to

the

mother

will

affect

her

child,

because

it

changes

theactivity

of

her

glands

and

so

the

chemistry

her

blood.

Any

chemical

change

in

the

mother'sblood

will

affect

the

child

for

better

or

worse.

But

we

can

not

see

how

a

looking

formathematics

or

poetic

genius

can

be

dissolved

in

blood

and

produce

a

similar

liking

or

geniusin

the

child.In

our

discussion

of

instincts

we

saw

that

there

was

reason

to

believe

that

whatever

we

inheritmust

be

of

some

very

simple

sort

rather

than

any

complicated

or

very

definite

kind

ofbehavior.

It

is

certain

that

no

one

inherits

a

knowledge

of

mathematics.

It

may

be,

however,that

children

inherit

more

or

less

of

a

rather

general

ability

that

we

may

call

intelligence.

Ifvery

intelligent

children

become

deeply

interested

in

mathematics,

they

will

probably

make

asuccess

of

that

study.As

for

musical

ability,

it

may

be

that

what

is

inherited

is

an

especially

sensitive

ear,

a

peculiarstructure

of

the

hands

or

the

vocal

organs

connections

between

nerves

and

muscles

that

makeit

comparativ