2025年六級閱讀答案

六級閱讀答案篇一：Climatechangemaybereal，butit’sstillnoteasybeinggreenHowdoweconvinceourinnercavemantobegreener?Weasksomeoutstandingsocialscientists。A)Theroadtoclimatehellispavedwithourgoodintentions。Politiciansmaytacklepolluterswhilescientistsdobattlewithcarbonemissions。Butthemostpervasiveproblemislessobvious：ourownbehaviour。Wegetdistractedbeforewecanturndowntheheating。Webreakourpromisenottoflyafterhearingaboutaneighbor’sriptoIndia。Ultimately，wecan’tbebotheredtochangeourattitude。Fortunatelyfortheplanet，socialscienceandbehavioraleconomicsmaybeabletodothatforus。B)Despitemournfulpolarbearsandcartsshowingcarbonemissionssoaring，motpeoplefindithardtobelievethatglobalwarmingwillaffectthempersonally。RecentpollsbythePewResearchCentreinWashington，DC，foundthat75-80percentofparticipantsregardedclimatechangeasanimportantissue。Butrespondentsrankeditlastonalistofpriorities。C)Thisinconsistencylargelystemsfromafeelingofpowerlessness?！癢henwecan’tactuallyremovethesourceofourfear，wetendtoadaptpsychologicallybyadoptingarangeofdefensemechanisms，”saysTomCrompton，changestrategistfortheenvironmentalorganizationWorldWideFundforNature。D)Partofthefaultlieswithourinnercaveman。Evolutionhasprogrammedhumanstopaymostattentiontoissuesthatwillhaveanimmediateimpact?！癢eworrymostaboutnowbecauseifwedon’tsurviveforthenextminute，we’renotgoingtobearoundintenyears’time，”saysProfessorElkeWeberoftheCentreforResearchonEnvironmentalDecisionsatColumbiaUniversityinNewYork。IftheThameswerelappingaroundBigBen，Londonerswouldfaceuptotheproblemofemissionsprettyquickly。Butinpractice，ourbraindiscountstherisks—andbenefits—associatedwithissuesthatliesomewayahead。E)MatthewRushworth，oftheDepartmentofExperimentalPsychologyattheUniversityofOxford，seesthisinhislabeveryday?！癘neofthewaysinwhichallagentsseemtomakedecisionsisthattheyassignalowerweightingtooutcomesthataregoingtobefurtherawayinthefuture，”hesays?！癟hisisaverysensiblewayforananimaltomakedecisionsinthewildandwouldhavebeenveryhelpfulforhumansforthousandsofyears?！盕)Notanylonger。Bythetimewewakeuptothethreatposedbyclimatechange，itcouldwellbetoolate。Andifwe’renotgoingtomakenationaldecisionsaboutthefuture，othersmayhavetohelpustodoso。G)FewpoliticallibrariesarewithoutacopyofNudge：ImprovingDecisionsAboutHealth，WealthandHappiness，byRichardThalerandCassSunstein。Theyarguethatgovernmentsshouldpersuadeusintomakingbetterdecisions—suchassavingmoreinourpensionplans—bychangingthedefaultoptions。ProfessorWeberbelievesthatenvironmentalpolicycanmakeuseofsimilartactics。If，forexample，buildingcodesincludedgreenconstructionguidelines，mostdeveloperswouldbetoolazytochallengethem。H)Defaultsarecertainlypartofthesolution。Butsocialscientistsaremostconcernedaboutcraftingmessagesthatexploitourgroupmentality(心態(tài))?！盬eneedtounderstandwhatmotivatespeople，whatitisthatallowsthemtomakechange，”saysProfessorNeilAdger，oftheTyndallCentreforClimateChangeResearchinNorwich?！盜tisactuallyaboutwhattheirpeersthinkofthem，whattheirsocialnormsare，whatisseenasdesirableinsociety?！盜notherwords，ourinnercavemaniscontinuallylookingoverhisshouldertoseewhattherestofthetribeareupto。I)Thepassiveattitudewehavetoclimatechangeasindividualscanbealteredbycountingusin—andmeasuringusagainst—ourpeergroup?！癝ocialnormsareprimitiveandelemental，”saysDr。RobertCialdini，authorofInfluence：ThePsychologyofPersuasion?！癇irdsflocktogether，fishschooltogether，cattleherdtogether…justperceivingnormsisenoughtocausepeopletoadjusttheirbehaviorinthedirectionofthecrowd?！盝)Thesenormscantakeusbeyondgoodintentions。CialdiniconductedastudyinSanDiegoinwhichcoathangersbearingmessagesaboutsavingenergywerehungonpeople’sdoors。Someofthemessagesmentionedtheenvironment，somefinancialsavings，otherssocialresponsibility。Butitwastheonethatmentionedtheactionsofneighboursthatdrovedownpoweruse。K)Otherstudiesshowthatsimplyprovidingthefacilityforpeopletocomparetheirenergyusewiththelocalaverageisenoughtocausethemtomodifytheirbehaviour。TheConservativesplantoadoptthisstrategybymakingutilitycompaniesprinttheaveragelocalelectricityandgasusageonpeople’sbills。L)Socialsciencecanalsoteachpoliticianshowtoavoidourcollectivecapacityforself-destructivebehaviour。EnvironmentalcampaignsthattellushowmanypeopledriveSUVsunwittingly(不經(jīng)意地)implythatthisbehaviouriswidespreadandthuspermissible。Cialdinirecommendssomecarefulframingofthemessage?！癐nsteadofnormalisingtheundesirablebehaviour，themessageneedstomarginaliseit，forexample，bystatingthatifevenonepersonbuysyetanotherSUV，itreducesourabilitytobeenergy-independent?！盡)Tappingintohowwealreadyseeourselvesiscrucial。Themostsuccessfulenvironmentalstrategywillmarrythegreenmessagetoourownsenseofidentity。Takeyouraveragetradeunionmember，chancesaretheywillbepoliticallymotivatedandbeusedtocollectiveaction—muchlikeEricaGregory。AretiredmemberofthePublicandCommercialServicesUnion，sheissettinguponeof1，100actiongroupswiththesupportofClimateSolidarity，atwo-yearenvironmentalcampaignaimedattradeunionists。N)Ericaisproofthatagreat-grandmothercanhelptoleadtherevolutionifyourgetthepsychologyright—inthiscase，bymatchingherenthusiasmfortheenvironmentwithafondnessfororganisinggroups?！癐thinktheremustbesomethinginit?！盨heisexpectingupto20peopleatthefirstmeetingshehascalled，atherlocalpubintheCornishvillageofPolperro。O)NickPerks，projectdirectorforClimateSolidarity，believesthissortofactivityiswherethefutureofenvironmentalactionlies?！癠singexistingcivilsocietystructuresornetworksisamoreeffectivewayofcreatingchange…andobviouslytradeunionsareoneofthebiggestcivilsocietynetworksintheUK，”hesays。The“LoveFood，HasteWaste”campaignenteredintoacollaborationlastyearwithanothersuchnetwork—theWomen’sInstitute。LondonerRachelTalorjoinedthecampaignwiththeaimofmakingnewfriends。Ayearon，themeetingshavemadelastingchangestowhatshethrowsawayinherkitchen?！癐t’salwaysmoreofanincentiveifyou’redoingitwithotherpeople，”shesays?！癐tmotivatesyoumoreifyouknowthatyou’vegottoprovidefeedbacktoagroup?！盤)Thepowerofsuchsimplepsychologyinfightingclimatechangeisattractingattentionacrossthepoliticalestablishment。IntheUS，theHouseofRepresentativesScienceCommitteehasapprovedabillallocating$10millionayeartostudyingenergy-relatedbehaviour。IntheUK，newstudiesareindevelopmentandsocialscientistsareregularlyspottedinBritishgovernmentoffices。Withthehelpofpsychologists，thereisfreshhopethatwemightgogreenafterall。46.Whenpeoplefindtheyarepowerlesstochangeasituation，theytendtolivewithit。47.Tobeeffective，environmentalmessagesshouldbecarefullyframed。48.Itisthegovernment’sresponsibilitytopersuadepeopleintomakingenvironment-friendlydecisions。49.Politiciansarebeginningtorealizetheimportanceofenlistingpsychologists’helpinfightingclimatechange。50.Tofindeffectivesolutionstoclimatechange，itisnecessarytounderstandwhatmotivatespeopletomakechange。51.Intheirevolution，humanshavelearnedtopayattentiontothemosturgentissuesinsteadoflong-termconcerns。52.Onestudyshowsthatourneighbors’actionsareinfluentialunchangingourbehavior。53.Despiteclearsignsofglobalwarming，itisnoteasyformostpeopletobelieveclimatechangewillaffecttheirownlives。54.Wewouldtakeourfutureintoconsiderationinmakingdecisionsconcerningclimatechangebeforeitistoolate。55.Existingsocialnetworkscanbemoreeffectiveincreatingchangeinpeople’sbehaviour。參照答案：CLGPHDJBFO篇二：Inthe1962movieLawrenceofArabia,onesceneshowsanAmericannewspaperreportereagerlysnappingphotosofmenlootingasabotagedtrain.Oneofthelooters,ChiefAudaabuTayioftheHoweitatclan,suddenlynoticesthecameraandsnatchesit."AmIinthis?"heasks,beforesmashingitopen.Tothedismayedreporter,Lawrenceexplains,"Hethinksthesethingswillstealhisvirtue.Hethinksyou'reakindofthief."Assoonascolonizersandexplorersbegantakingcamerasintodistantlands,storiesbegancirculatingabouthowindigenouspeoplessawthemastoolsforblackmagic.The"ignorantnatives"mayhavehadapoint.Whenphotographyfirstbecameavailable,scientistswelcomeditasamoreobjectivewayofrecordingfarawaysocietiesthanearlytravelers'exaggeratedaccounts.Butinsomeways,anthropologicalphotographsrevealmoreabouttheculturethatholdsthecamerathantheonethatstaresback.Upintothe1950sand1960s,manyethnographerssought"pure"picturesof"primitive"cultures,routinelydeletingmodernaccoutrementssuchasclocksandWesterndress.Theypaidmenandwomentore-enactritualsortoposeasmembersofwarorhuntingparties,oftenwithlittleregardforveracity.EdwardCurtis,thelegendaryphotographerofNorthAmericanIndians,forexample,gotoneMakahmantoposeasawhalerwithaspearin1915--eventhoughtheMakahhadnothuntedwhalesinageneration.Thesephotographsreinforcedwidelyacceptedstereotypesthatindigenouscultureswereisolated,primitive,andunchanging.Forinstance,NationalGeographicmagazine'sphotographshavetaughtmillionsofAmericansaboutothercultures.AsCatherineLutzandJaneCollinspointoutintheir1993bookReadingNationalGeographic,themagazinesinceitsfoundingin1888haskeptatraditionofpresentingbeautifulphotosthatdon'tchallengewhite,middle-classAmericanconventions.Whiledark-skinnedwomencanbeshownwithouttops,forexample,whitewomen'sbreastsaretaboo.Photosthatcouldunsettleordisturb,suchasareasoftheworldtornasunderbywarorfamine,arediscardedinfavorofthosethatreassure,toconformwiththesociety'sstatedpledgetopresentonly"kindly"visionsofforeignsocieties.Theresult,LutzandCollinssay,isthedepictionof"anidealizedandexoticworldrelativelyfreeofpainorclassconflict."LutzactuallylikesNationalGeographicalot.Shereadthemagazineasachild,anditslushimageryinfluencedhereventualchoiceofanthropologyasacareer.Shejustthinksthataspeoplelookatthephotographsofothercultures,theyshouldbealerttothechoiceofcompositionandimages.1.Themainideaofthepassageis______________.[A]PhotographstakenbyWesternexplorersreflectmoreWesterners’perceptionoftheindigenousculturesandtheWesternvalues.[B]ThereisacomplicatedrelationshipbetweentheWesternexplorersandtheprimitivepeoples.[C]PopularmagazinessuchasNationalGeographicshouldshowpicturesoftheexoticandidealizedworldstomaintainhighsales.[D]Anthropologistsaskthenativestoposefortheirpictures,compromisingthetruthfulnessoftheirpictures.2.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatearlytravelerstothenativelandsoften_________.[A]tookpictureswiththenatives[B]gaveexaggeratedaccountsofthenativelands[C]askforpicturesfromthenatives[D]gavethenativesclocksandWesterndresses3.TheauthormentionsthemovieLawrenceofArabiato___________.[A]showhowpeopleintheindigenoussocietiesareportrayedbyWesterners.[B]illustratehowpeoplefromprimitivesocietiesseecamerasastoolsofblackmagicthatstealtheirvirtues.[C]showhowanthropologistsportrayuntruthfulpicturesofnativepeople.[D]showthecruelandbarbariansideofthenativepeople.4.“Butinsomeways,anthropologicalphotographsrevealmoreabouttheculturethatholdsthecamerathantheonethatstaresback.”Inthissentence,the“one[culture]thatstaresback”refersto_______.[A]theindigenousculture[B]theWesternculture[C]theacademicculture[D]thenewsbusinessculture5.WithwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldCatherineLutzmostprobablyagree?[A]ReportersfromtheWesternsocietiesshouldroutinelydeletemodernelementsinpicturestakenoftheindigenoussocieties.[B]TheprimitiveculturesareinferiortothemoreadvancedWesternculture.[C]Thewesternmediaarenotpresentingarealisticpictureofthefarawaysocieties.[D]PeopleintheWesternnewsbusinessshouldtrynottochallengethewell-establishedwhitemiddle-classvalues.答案及解1.答案是[A]PhotographstakenbyWesternexplorersreflectmoreWesterners’perceptionoftheindigenousculturesandtheWesternvalues.解：本文的主題是，西方的媒體，為了迎合西方讀者獵奇的心理，同步，為了不與西方讀者的中產(chǎn)階級價值觀發(fā)生沖突，在他們拍攝的照片中，并不是真正客觀公正地反應(yīng)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平較為落後的社會中人們的生活。他們常常故意刪除照片中反應(yīng)西方文明烙印的成分，甚至擺布照片中的主人公，以描繪出一種西方讀者想象中的，經(jīng)濟不發(fā)達的，有異域風(fēng)情的，沒有痛苦和階級斗爭的經(jīng)濟落後社會的畫面。他們甚至防止刊登那些反應(yīng)饑荒，戰(zhàn)爭，災(zāi)害的照片，以滿足西方媒體“只刊登外國社會美好一面的照片”的默契。2.答案是[B]gaveexaggeratedaccountsofthenativelands解：文章第二段說，Whenphotographyfirstbecameavailable,scientistswelcomeditasamoreobjectivewayofrecordingfarawaysocietiesthanearlytravelers'exaggeratedaccounts.可見初期到原始社會旅行回來的人往往對當?shù)氐臓顩r夸張其詞。在攝影機發(fā)明之後，科學(xué)家能更好地客觀反應(yīng)那些遠方地區(qū)的真實狀況。3.答案是[B]illustratehowpeoplefromprimitivesocietiesseecamerasastoolsofblackmagicthatstealtheirvirtues.解：文章的第一段簡介的是著名的1962年獲得7項奧斯卡大獎的《阿拉伯的勞倫斯》(導(dǎo)演：DAVIDLEAN)中的一種片段。該電影本來與作者要講的題目并無直接關(guān)系。作者僅僅通過一種電影中描述的場景來闡明一種論點。那就是比較原始，開化較晚的社會，那裏