2021-2022學年山西省太原某中學高三（上）第二次月考英語試卷（附答案詳解）

202L2022學年山西省太原第三實驗中學高三(上)第二

次月考英語試卷

一、閱讀理解(本大題共15小題，共45.()分)

A

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1.Whatisthefeatureoftravelingoff-peakbytrainintheUK?

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B.Trainticketsarcoftensoldout.

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D.Thetraveltimeperiodsarerelativelyunoccupied.

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3.Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthetext?

A.Toadvertisetrainservices.

B.Toencouragepassengerstotravelabroad.

C.Toofferservicestothetrainpassengersontheway.

D.Tohelpvisitorsspendlessmoneyonrailwaytickets.

B

Thatyoungstersweregluedtoonlinegamesontheirsmartphoneswasagreatconcernfor

NgurangMeena,aschoolteacherinNiijuli.The30-year-oldsocialscienceteacher,whoranthe

NgurangLearningInsdlute,anadultliteracycencre,said(hatshefeltdisheartenedwhenshe

readstudentpapers."Thegraphofstudentperformanceisfallingeveryyear.ltbreaksmyheart

wheneverIseeanswersheets-basicgrammarskillsaremissingandthere'sanabsenceofany

cohesive(連貫性的)expression.Theylackguidanceandreadingcultureisalmostzero,"

Meenasaid.Whenherschoolandthecentresheranhadtocloseduetoinfectiousdiseases,she

plannedtodosomethingtoaddresstheproblem.

InspiredbyasimilarproposalinMizoram,Meenasetupabookshelfwitharound80booksas

wellassomebenchesontlicsideoftheroadinNiijulionAugust30th,2020,wherepassers-by

couldspendtimereadingTheselectionsincludedmotivationalbooks,biographiesandnovels

aswellascomicsfbryoungchildren."Ihavetopleasetheminorswithsweetstositand

readoutthatisokay,"shelaughed.

Meena'sbookshelfbecameahitamongyoungsterswhospenthoursinthereading

corner.Withintwomonths,hereffortbecamethetalkofthetown.

Now,generouscontributionsofbookscomeinfrom(hepublicandsheisevenreceiving

requeststosetupsuchlibrariesinotherpartsof(hestale,includingoneinthe

capitaLItanagar.Sincethetinylibrariesarefarfromthemaintown,shealsolendsbooksoutto

thosewhowanttoreadathome.

第2頁，共22頁

"Ineverthoughtthatthiswouldbecomesuchabiginspiration,"Meenasaid."Since

childhood,wehavebeentoldthatbooksareourbestfriends.Thenextgenerationofkidsis

focusedongamesandotherthings.Idon'twantthemtoheadonthewrongtrack/'sheadded.

4.What's（heaimofMeena'sreadingprogram?

A.Tohelpadultslearnsomecohesiveexpression.

B.Tocareforyoungsterslackinginreading.

C.TokeepNgurangLearningInstituterunningwell.

D.Tohighlighttheimportanceofreadingforadults.

5.WhatdidMeenadotoencourageyoungkidstoreadnore?

A.Sheofferedthemtransportation.

B.Sheofferedsonicrewardstothem.

C.Shechosenovelswithbeautifulcovers.

D.Sheselectedbookscoveringeverycategory.

6.WhichwordscanbestdescribeMeena'slibraries?

A.Influentialandmeaningful.B.Smallanduseless.

C.Largebutimpractical.D.Widespreadbutunwelcome.

7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Books：SourcesofKnowledge

B.TheRoadsideReadingCorner

C.TheLibrary：aParadisefortheYoung

D.NewIdeasaboutSettingaReadingPlan

c

Whilewemaythinkitfeelsgoodlocomplain,complaininghassomebadeffectsassociated

withit.

Whyisn'tcomplainingbeneficial?Researchshowsthatitconnectsourbrainwith

negativity.Thebrainisdesignedtoworkefficiently.Thismeansthatwhenwerepeata

thought,ncgativcorpositive,thenervecellsformabridgebetweeneachothertopass

informationinahigherspced.Thcrefbre,thenexttimewehaveasimilartypeofthought,itis

moreeasilypassed.Thisexplainswhycertainthoughtpatternsbecomehabits.

Yettheharmfuleffectsdon'tstopthere.AstudyshowsIha：complainingcausesthe

hippocampus（海馬區(qū)），whichplaysavitalroleinproblem-solving,tobecomesmaller.

Inadditiontocausingbraindamage,complainingalsoreleasesastresshormone：cortisol,akind

ofchemicalthebodyproduceswhenwemeetwithsomedanger.Constantlyhavingahighlevel

ofcortisolresultsinhighbloodpressure,highbloodsugar,andlowerimmunity（免疫力）.

Theilleffectsofourcomplainingaren'tjustlimitedtoourselves：theyalsoinvolvethose

aroundus.Wctendtomirrorthemoodsofourfriends.Forthisreason,wcshouldbecautious

abouthavingstubborncomplaincrsinourcircleofcompanions.

Thebestwaytodealwithconstantnegativityistodevelopasenseofgratitude（感恩）.Justlike

complainingactsasapoison,gratitudeactsasamedicine.Researchshowsillowerscortisol

levelsby23percent,aswellasreducesbloodpressureandbloodsugar.ltalsodecreases

tirednessanddepression.Gratitudeistheperfectcureforcomplaining,abehaviorthatstealsour

brainpower,happinessandphysicalwell-being.

Whathaveyouobservedabouttheeffectsofcomplaininginyourownlifeorinthelivesof

others?Haveyounoticedthatwhenyouaregrateful,youfeelbetterallover?Pleaseshare

yourthoughtsinthecommentssectionbelow.

8.WhatdoPara2-3mainlytalkabout?

A.Thediseasescausedbycomplaining.

B.Thedecreaseofavitalpartofourbrain.

C.Thebadeffectsofcomplainingonbrainpower.

D.Thereasonwhycertainthoughtpatternsbecomehabits.

9.Whatcanweknowaboutcortisolfromthepassage?

A.GratitudeisaneffectivecurefbrCortisol.

B.Ourbodyproducecortisolwhenwefeelexited.

C.Cortisolisachemicalthatcancausebraindamage.

D.Havingahighlevelofcortisolcanleadtomanyhealthproblems.

10.Whatattitudedoesthewritertaketostubborncomplainers?

A.Grateful.B.Tolerant.C.Disapproving.D.Skeptical.

11.Wherecanthepassagemostprobablyappear?

A.Inanewspaper.B.Inamedicalreport.

C.Onawebsite.D.Inaradioprogram.

D

Acheapprintedsensorcouldtransmitwildfirewarnings.Wildfireshaverecentlydestroyed

regionsacrosstheworld,andtheirgravityisincreasing.Hopingtoreduceharm,researchersled

第4頁，共22頁

byYapeiWang,aChinesechemistofRenminUniversity,say（heyhavedevelopedan

inexpensivesensortodetectsuchfiresearlierwithlesseHbrl.

Currentdetectionmethodsrelyheavilyonhumanwatchfulness,whichcandelayaneffective

response.Mostwildfiresarereportedbythegeneralpublic,andotheralertscomefromroutine

footpatrolsandwatchtowerobservers.Passingplanesandsatellitesalsooccasionallyspot

somcthing,but"thefirefirstappearsontheground,"Wangsays."Whenyousecthefirefrom

thesky,itistoolate."

Theteamsaysitsnewsensorcanbeplacedneartreetrunks'basesandsendawirelesssignalto

anearbyreceiverifthereisadramatictemperatureincrease.Thatheatalsopowersthesensor

itself,withoutreplacingbatteries.Theteamprintedthesubstancesontoordinarypapertocreate

asensorforjust$0,40.

Butimprovingcoordinationamongthedifferentagenciesinvolvedinfirefightingisevenmore

crucialtoaddress,saysGrahamKent,anearthquakeexpertattheUniversityof

Nevada,Reno,whowasnotpartofthestudy.KentisdirectorofALERTWildfire,anetworkthat

usescamerasandcrowdsourcingtowatchforfiresinCalifbrnia,NevadaandOregon."The

wholewaythatyourespond（oafireuntilit'sputoutislikeaballet,"hesays."You'dhaveto

choreograph（設(shè)計）itjustso,withresourcespreciselyallocatedaltherighttimeandplacefrom

detectiontoconfirmationtoassignmenttoextinguishment（熄滅）.Firedetectionisjuststep

one."

Wangsayshisteam'snextstepsaretoextendthedevice'ssignalrangebeyondthecurrent100

meters.whichcanlimitpracticaluse,andtodevelopaprotectiveshieldforit.TheTransmitter's

effectiveness,henotes,vvi11alsoneedtobetestedinthefieldahead.

12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"gravity"inparagraph1probablymean?

A.Pull.B.Extinction.C.Popularity.D.Seriousness.

13.Whatdoweknowaboutthesensor?

A.Itspriceremainshigh.

B.Itsbatteriesarereplaceable.

C.Ilcandetectfiresearlierandeasier.

D.Itcanreducefirefighters'pain.

14.WhatdoesKentmeaninparagraph4?

A.Firefightingiseasybutcrucial.

B.Technologyisthekeytoextinguishingafire.

C.Puttingoutafireisacooperativeandorderlyactivity.

D.Theresourcesoffiredetectionarepreciselyallocated.

15.What'stheplanfbrthenewsensoraccordingtoWang?

A.Improvingandtestingit.

B.Limitingitsuseandtransmission.

C.Examingandreducingitssignalrange.

D.Gettingitonthemarketaheadoftime.

二、閱讀七選五(本大題共5小題，共15.0分)

InEnglish.wehaveasayingthatgoes,"Useitorloseit."Itmeansthatifyoudonotcontinueto

useaskilLyoumightlosetheabilitytodoso.

Wecansaythisaboutlanguagelearningjncludinglearningnewwords.⑴

OurreaderBaninhasaquestiontoday.Hereisthequestion：howcanIimprovemyvocabulary?

Itisagreatquestion!TheanswerwillhelpmanyEnglishlearners.Herearefourthingsyoucan

do.

Read.readjead

Readalot!Lookfornewstories,websites.magazinesandbooksonsubjectsthatyou

enjoy.Whilereading,trytoguessthemeaningsofnewwordsfromtheircontext.(2)Ifthereare

televisionshowsorfilmsthatyouloveinEnglishAvatchthemwithEnglishsubtitlestolearn

newwordsandhearhowwesaythem.

Writeaboutit

But,don'tjustread.Wri(e!Agreatwaytopracticewhatyoureadistowriteaboutit.(3)Another

thingyoucanwriteaboutiswhatyoudidtoday.Ifyouspenttimewithafriendorfamily

member,wenttoanevent,hadadeliciousmealordidsomethingelse,writeaboutit!

Learnwordforms

(4)Whenyoulearnanewwordjearnitsotherforms.Forexample,theword"sleepy"isan

adjcctivc.Butithasnoun,verbandadverbforms.Youcanmakeawordformchartinanote

hookorwirelessdeviceandwriteasentenceexampleforeachform.

(5L

Anotherpowerfulmemorytooliswordassociation(聯(lián)系)：useyourimaginationtocreate

mentalimageslinkedtor.ewwords.Forexample?whenIsay"tasty",whatfoodimagedoyou

seeinyourmind?Keepthatfoodimageinyourmindandalwaysmeniallyconnectittoth,

word"tasty".Then,thenexttimeyoutrytoremembertheword"tasty",thementalimagewill

第6頁，共22頁

appear.

A.Usewordfamilies

B.Usewordassociat沁n

C.Here'sanothergreattechnique.

D.Ifyoudonotusethenewwordsoftcn,youmightforgetthem.

E.Then,youcancheckthemeaningsinapaperdictionaryoronline.

F.Forexample,ifyoureadawebstoryaboutthebestfitnessappsof2019,writeaboutit.

G.Wrilingcanbeagreatwayofproperlylearningthekindofvocabularyyouneedtodescribe

yourownlifeandinterests.

16.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

完形填空（本大題共20小題，共40.0分）

Itwasahot,dampsummerday.After1(2Dmvtankinthelocalgasstation,!startedtowalk

insidetopay.JustthenInoticedtwoelderly(22)standingbackfromtheircar.Therewasa

mixtureofshockand(23)ontheirfaces.Ifollowedtheir(24)andsawwhaltheysaw：five

yellowjacketswerebuildinga(25)aroundtheirgascap.Myeyes(26).Isharedtheladies'

fear.Yellowjacketshadneverbccn(27)tome.WhenIwasayoungboyafriendofmineandI

were(28)andplayinginmybackyard.Imusthave(29)ononeof(heirhiddennestswhile

running.(30)bothofuswerebeingchasedandslungoverandoverbytheyellowjackets.We

ranawav(31)withgreatfear.Mymom(32)ranacoldbathandpulusbothinittoease(hepain

anditching(瘙癢)(33)givingusmedicinetofightallthepoisoninourlittlebodiesfrom

the.stings.IknewIcouldn'tletfearstopmenow.I(34)mybackpocketforapapertowelIhad

thereforeoutthenestandsteppedonitwhilethe(35)wasps(黃蜂)buzzedaroundme.(36)of

(heladiesthankedmeexcitedly.Ismiled.andnervousnessandfearwerereplacedwith(37).In

thislife,youcan'tletthefearofbeingstungeitherphysicallyor(38)keepyoufromdoingwhat

isright.Weneedtogo(39)ourselvesandloveeachother.Don'tlettheyellowjacketsinyour

life(40)youback.

21.A.filledB.movedC.chargedD.emptied

22.A.menB.womenC.driversD.jackets

23.A.angerB.painC.sadnessD.fear

24.A.noseB.earsC.eyesD.mouth

25.A.roomB.nestC.houseD.hall

26.A.widenedB.closedC.openedD.lowed

27.A.lovelyB.likelyC.friendlyD.carefully

28.A.jumpingB.climbingC.walkingD.running

29.A.removedB.steppedC.pacedD.searched

30.A.AsaresultB.Afterall

C.AboveallD.Althesametime

31.A.discussingB.exploringC.screamingD.laughing

32.A.nervouslyB.suddenlyC.casuallyD.immediately

33.A.afterB.whileC.beforeD.until

34.A.reachedintoB.arrivedinC.gottoD.pulledout

35.A.happyB.angryC.sadD.worried

36.A.NeitherB.BothC.AllD.None

37.A.painB.surpriseC.doubtD.joy

38.A.heartedlyB.intelligentlyC.emotionallyD.punctually

39.A.throughB.backC.aheadD.beyond

40.A.holdB.setC.hangD.give

四、語法填空（本大題共1小題，共15.0分）

41.Amaleelephantthatbrokeawayfromthewanderingelephantpack(1)(send)backto

itsforesthomeonWednesdayinXishuangbannaDaiAutonomousPrefecture,southwest

China'sYunnanProvince.localauthoritiessaid.

YuxiCityheadquartersinchargeofmonitoringthepack'smigration(遷徙)tookthe(2)

(decide)earlyWednesdaymorning(3)(prevent)theloneanimalfromentering

heavilypopulatedareas.At3p.m.,theelephantwascaughtandreturnedtothenature

第8頁，共22頁

reserve.Theanimalappeared⑷(health)anddidnotsufferfromanyinjuries.

Thepackof15wanderingwildAsianelephantstravelledabout500kilometersnorthfrom

theirforesthome.ThemaleelephantseparatedfromthepackonJune6,andmovedaround

inthe(5)(city)ofKunming,AnningandYuxi,wiihanactiveareaof140square

kilometersandawalkingdistanceof190kilomctcrs.lthadreliedmainlyon(6)was

providedbythelocals.The(7)(remain)14elephantshavebeenmovingsouthward

recentlybutarestillfarfromthereserve.

Asianelephantsarc(8)A-lcvclstateprotectioninChina,wheretheyarc(9)(most)found

inYunnan.Thankstodeterminedprotectioneffortsinrecentdecades,thewildelephant

populationin(10)provincehasgrowntoabout300,from193inthe1980s.

五、短文改錯(本大題共1小題，共10.0分)

42.假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文

中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪

除或修改。

增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(八)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。

刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)畫掉。

修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。

注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；

2.只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。

WhenIwasalittlekid,Idreamedofkeepingonadog.Myparentsdisagreed,saythatIwas

tooyoungtotakecareformyselfjetaloneadog.Ididn'tgiveup.lnsteadjtried(obe

independenceandhelpedwithhousework.Afewmonthlater.myparentsfoundthatIhad

becomeconsideratethanbefore.Theyfinallyapproveofmyrequest.Onmyeight

birthday,theyboughtmealovelydogasthegift.Followingmyparents'directions,I've

learnedhowtoraisethedog.Istillmissthosedaysthatweaccompaniedeachother.

六、書面表達(本大題共1小題，共25.0分)

43.假如你是李華，你的朋友Mike一周前給你發(fā)電子郵件說他自進入高三以來一直覺

得壓力很大，請你根據(jù)以下要點給他回封郵件，幫助他振作起來：

1.安慰并分析他不開心的原因；

2.給他一些建議；

3.送上祝福。

注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；

2.可適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

提示詞：pressure壓力relievestress緩解壓力

第10頁，共22頁

答案和解析

1.【答案】

【小題1】D【小題2】C【小題3】D

【解析】(1)D.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句WhentravellingbytrainirHheUK,you

canbenefitfiomieducedfaiesbychoosing(lietimeperiodsofdaythataielessbusy.(當你

在英國乘火車旅行時，你可以選擇一天中不那么繁忙的時段來享受優(yōu)惠票價。)可知，

在英國乘火車旅行時，游客可以選擇一天中不那么繁忙的時間來享受優(yōu)惠票價，這意味

著旅行時間段是相對空閑的。故選D。

(2)C.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句Ourcleverlittlepricepredictiontoolwillpredictthe

futureandletyouknowwhenticketpricesareabouttogoup,meaningyou'l1nevermissout

onthebestvaluetares.:我們聰明的小價格預測_L具瓦以預測未米，讓你知道什么時候

機票價格會上漲，這意味著你永遠不會錯過最實惠的票價。)可知，priceprediclion是

一款價格預測工具，它可以預測未來票價走勢，讓游客知道票價什么時候會上漲。故選

C.

(3)D.目的意圖題。根據(jù)第一段第一句IfyourcaftercheapUKtraintickets,checkthe

suggestionsbelowandseehowyoucouldbagyourselfabargain.(如果你想買便宜的英國

火車票，看看下面的建議，看看怎樣才能買到便宜貨。)可推斷，作者的寫作目的是讓

乘客買火車票少花錢。故選D。

這是一篇應用文。文章介紹了在英國如何買到便宜的火車票。

閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯

關(guān)系，對未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點理論，對文章

未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋。考生首先要仔細閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準確把握作

者觀點。

4.【答案】

【小題1】A【小題2】B【小題3】A【小題4】B

【解析】（1）A.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)原文第一段最后一句

Theylackguidanceandreadingcultureisalmostzero,"Meenasaid.Whenherschoolandthe

centresheranhadtocloseduetoinfectiousdiseases,sheplannedtodosomethingtoaddresst

heproblem.（“他們?nèi)狈χ笇?，閱讀文化幾乎為零。"Meena說，當她的學校和所經(jīng)營的

中心由于傳染病而不得不關(guān)閉時，她計劃采取措施解決這一問題。）可知，Meena要解

決孩子們?nèi)狈﹂喿x的問題，因此她的讀書計劃就是幫助成年人學習連貫性的表達。故選

A,

（2）B.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)原文第二段最后一句"Ihavetopleasetheminorswithsweetstosit

andrcad,butthatisokay,"shelaughed.（"我必須用糖果取悅未成年人，讓他們坐著看書，

但這沒關(guān)系?！彼χf道。）可知，Meena得獎勵孩子們一些糖果，讓他們坐下來閱

讀。故選B。

（3）A.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段Meena'sbookshelfbecameahitamongyoungsterswho

spenthoursinthereadingcomer.（Meena's的圖書館在閱讀角的年輕人中很受歡迎）以及

第四段generouscontributionsofbookscomeinfromthepublicandsheisevenreceiving

requeststosetupsuchlibrariesinotherpartsof（hestale,includingoneinthecapital,hanagar.

（公眾慷慨捐贈了書籍.她甚至收到了在該州其他地區(qū)（包括首都I〔ana-gar的一個圖書

館）建立此類圖書館的要求。）可知，故她的圖書館是有影響力和有意義的。故選A。

（4）B.標題判斷題。根據(jù)原文第二段中的InspiredbyasimilarproposalinMizoram,Meena

setupabookshelfwitharound80booksaswellassomebenchesonthesideoftheroadin

NiijulionAugust30th,2020,wherepassers-bycouldspendtimereading.（受至ijMizoram類

似提議的啟發(fā)，Meena于2020年8月30日在Nirjuli的路邊建立了一個約8（）本書以及

一些長椅的書架，路人可以在這里花時間閱讀。）可知，本文主要講一位女教師開設(shè)路

邊的讀書角的故事。所以短文的最佳標題為B.TheRoadsideReadingComer”路邊閱讀角

故選B。

本文主要講一位女教師開設(shè)路邊的讀書角的故事.

做這類閱讀理解，要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時垢合原文和題目有針對性的找出相

關(guān)語句進行仔細分析，結(jié)合選項選出正確答案。

8.【答案】

【小題1】C【小題2】D【小題3】C【小題4】C

第12頁，共22頁

【解析】（I）C.段落大意題。根據(jù)原文第三段Yettheharmfuleffectsdon,tstopthere.Astudy

showsthatcomplainingcausesthehippocampuswhichplaysavitalroleinproblem-solving,to

becomesmaller.（然而，有害影響還不止于此。一項研究表明，抱怨會導致在解決問題

時起重要作用的海馬區(qū)變小。）以及第二段主要解釋了抱怨如何對大腦產(chǎn)生消極影響的。

故可知第2-3段主要談?wù)摫г箤δX力的不良影響。故選Co

（2）D.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)原文第四段最后一句Constantlyhavingahighlevelofcortisol

resultsinhighbloodpressure,highbloodsugar,andlowerimmunity.（持續(xù)高水平的皮質(zhì)醇

會導致高血壓、高血糖和免疫力下降。）可知皮質(zhì)醇水平過高會導致許多健康問題。故

選Do

（3）C.觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第三段最后一句Forthisreason,vveshouldbecautious

abouthavingstubborncomplainersinourcircleofcompanions.（基于這個原因，我們應該

小心在我們的朋友圈里有固執(zhí)的抱怨者。）可知作者對于固執(zhí)抱怨者的態(tài)度是不贊成、

反對的。故選C。

（4）C.文章出處題。根據(jù)文章最后一句Pleaseshareyourthoughtsinthecommentssection

below.（請在下面的評論區(qū)分享你的想法。）可知文章最有可能是出現(xiàn)在一張網(wǎng)頁上。

故選C。

這是?篇說明文。?項研究表明，抱怨會導致在解決問題時起重要作用的海馬區(qū)變小。

除了造成大腦損傷，抱怨還會釋放一種壓力荷爾蒙：反質(zhì)醵，持續(xù)高水平的皮質(zhì)醺會導

致高血壓、高血糖和免疫力下降.處理持續(xù)負面情緒的最好方法是培養(yǎng)一種感恩的意識.

做這類閱讀理解，要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找出相

關(guān)語句進行仔細分析，結(jié)合選項選出正確答案。

12.【答案】

【小題1]D【小題2】C【小題3】C【小題4】A

[解析】（1）D.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線部分上文Wildfireshaverecentlydestroyedregions

acrosstheworld（最近：世界各地的一些地區(qū)都遭到了森林大火的破壞），and的后面

表示并列或者遞進，所以可推斷火勢越來越嚴重，故gravity意為“嚴重性”。結(jié)合選項

A.Pull拉力；B.Exiinction滅絕；C.Popularily流行；D.Seriousness嚴重性。故選D。

（2）C.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第.段第一句Curremdeletionmethodsrelyheavilyonhuman

watchfulness,vvhichcandelayaneffectiveresponse."（目前的檢測方法嚴重依賴于人類的

警惕，這可能會延遲有效的反應。）和第三段第一句Theteamsaysitsnewsensorcanbe

placedneartreetrunks'basesandsendawirelesssignaltoanearbyreceiverifthereisa

dramatictemperatureincrease.（研究小組表示，他們的新傳感器可以放置在樹干根部附

近，如果溫度急劇上升，就會向附近的接收器發(fā)送無線信號。）可知，目前的檢測方法

很大程度上依賴人的觀察力，這會延遲有效的反應。這種新型傳感器可以向附近的接收

器發(fā)送無線信號，可以更快、更早地檢測出火災。故選C。

（3）C.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的"Thewholewaydiatyourespondtoafireuntilit'sput

outislikeaballet,Mhesays."You'dhavetochoreograph（設(shè)計）itjustso,withresources

preciselyallocatedattherightlimeandplacefromdetectiontoconfirmationloassignmentto

extinguishment（熄滅）.Firedetectionisjuststepone."（他說："在火被撲滅之前，你對

火的反應就像一場芭蕾舞。你必須精心設(shè)計，在正確的時間和地點精確分配資源，從探

測到確認到分配到消滅，火警探測只是第一步。"）Kenl說的話可知，改善消防機構(gòu)之

間的協(xié)調(diào)更為關(guān)鍵，你對火的反應，直到它被撲滅，就像一場芭蕾舞。你必須策劃和設(shè)

計，在正確的時間和地點分配資源，從探測到確認再到調(diào)度再到火熄滅。故可推知，滅

火是一項合作而有秩序的活動。故選C。

（4）A.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的Wangsayshisteam'snextstepsaretoextendthe

device'ssignalrangebeyondthecurrent100meters,whichcanlimitpracticaluse,andto

developaprotectiveshieldfbrit.TheTransmitter'seffectiveness」］。notes,willalsoneedtobe

testedinthefieldahead.（王說，他的團隊的下一步是符該設(shè)備的信號范圍擴大到目前的

100米以外，這可能會限制實際使用，并為其開發(fā)一種保護屏蔽。他指出，發(fā)射機的有

效性也需要在未來的戰(zhàn)場上進行測試。）由此可知，他的團隊會對新型傳感器進行改進

和測試，故選A。

本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種可以傳送野火警報的新型傳感器。

閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯

關(guān)系，對未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷：或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點理論，對文章

未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋。考生首先要仔細閱讀為文，完整了解信息，準確把握作

者觀點。

16.【答案】

【小題1】D【小題2】E【小題3】F【小題4】C【小題5】B

笫14頁，共22頁

【解析】（1）D.細節(jié)理解題。^"Wccansaythisaboutlanguagelearning,including

learningnewwords（我們可以這樣說語言學習，包括學習新單詞）”可知，這也適用語

言學習,包括學習新單詞oD選項Ifyoudonotusethenewwordsoften,youmightforget

（hem.（如果你不經(jīng)常使用這些新單詞，你可能會忘記它們）”是對上文“InEnglish,wehave

asayingthatgoes,"Useitorloseit."（在英語中，我們有句諺語說:"用它或失去它。"）

”在學習新單詞中兩種情況的具體解釋，符合題意。故選D。

（2）E.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)上文"Whilereading,trytoguessthemeaningsofnewwordsfrom

theircontext（閱讀時，試著從上下文中猜測生詞的含義）”可知，既然是猜測的含義，

就存在著錯或者對。E選項”Then,youcancheck（hemeaningsinapaperdictionaryoronline.

（然后，你可以在紙質(zhì)字典或在線.上核對它的意思）”解釋了通過某種手段來核對含義

是錯還是對，符合題意.故選E。

（3）F.舉例說明題。根據(jù)下文"Anotherthingyoucanwriteaboutiswhatyoudidtoday,>If

youspenttimewithafriendorfamilymember,wenttoanevent,hadadeliciousmealordie

somethingelse,writeaboutit（你可以寫的另一件事是你今天所做的。"如果你和朋友或家

人一起度過一段時間，去參加一個活動，吃一頓美味的飯，或者做點別的事情，就寫下

來。）”可知，F(xiàn)example,ifyoureadawebstoryaboutthebestfitnessappsof2019,

wriieaboulil（例如，如果你讀了?篇關(guān)于2018年最佳健身應用程序的網(wǎng)絡(luò)故事，你就

可以寫下來）”是寫其個事情的具體內(nèi)容，符合題意。故選F。

（4）C.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)本段小標題"Learnwordforms（學習詞性變化）"及下文"When

youlearnanewwordJearnitsotherforms（當你學習一個新詞時,學習它的基它形式<）

"可知，C選項"Here'sanothergreattechnique.（這有其它的好的技巧）”是為了介紹一種

學習形式，C選項在此承上啟下，符合題意。故選C。

（5）B.標題歸納題。根據(jù)下文"Anotherpowerfulmemorytooliswordassociation.themental

imagewill叩pear（另一個強大的記憶工具是單詞聯(lián)想。腦海中的圖像就會出現(xiàn)）”可知，

般個段落都在講如何進行單詞的聯(lián)想.B選項"Usewordassociation.（使用單詞的聯(lián)想）

”對下文進行了概況總結(jié)，突出了中心，符合題意。故選B。

木文是一篇說明文。文章主要就如何提高詞匯量提出了幾點有效的方法。

選句填空類閱讀理解題材廣泛，故學生要拓展知識面，關(guān)心時事，學習之余，增加閱讀

面。做此類題型，要通讀全文，了解常見寫作順序，重點理解空白處前后的句子，關(guān)注

段落中各句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，如：并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果關(guān)系及其它關(guān)系。把握意思的連

貫性、邏輯性，鎖定線索詞，認真閱讀選項，排除迷惑項，確定選項后，再快速泛讀全

文，確保文章上下銜接流暢，選項有據(jù)可依。

21.【答案】

【小題1】A【小題2】B【小題3】D【小題4]C【小題5】B

【小題6】A【小題7】C【小題8】D