真題講練-理念闡述：2021北京卷C篇-2021天津卷D篇-2017全國新課標II D?

年普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試北京卷·英語CHundredsofscientists,writersandacademicssoundedawarningtohumanityinanopenletterpublishedlastDecember:Policymakersandtherestofusmustengageopenlywiththeriskofglobalcollapse.Researchersinmanyareashaveprojectedthewidespreadcollapseas“acrediblescenario(情景)thiscentury”.Asurveyofscientistsfoundthatextremeweatherevents,foodinsecurity,andfreshwatershortagesmightcreateglobalcollapse.Ofcourse,ifyouareanon-humanspecies,collapseiswellunderway.Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespeciallygermaneinthismomentofstill-uncontrolledpandemicandeconomiccrisesintheworld'smosttechnologicallyadvancednations.Notverylongago,itwasalsounthinkablethataviruswouldshutdownnationsandthatsafetynetswouldbeprovensodisastrouslylackinginflexibility.Theinternationalscholars’warningletterdoesn’tsayexactlywhatcollapsewilllooklikeorwhenitmighthappen.Collapseology,thestudyofcollapse,ismoreconcernedwithidentifyingtrendsandwiththemthedangersofeverydaycivilization.Amongthesignatories(簽署者)ofthewarningwasBobJohnson,theoriginatorofthe“ecologicalfootprint”concept,whichmeasuresthetotalamountofenvironmentalinputneededtomaintainagivenlifestyle.Withthecurrentfootprintofhumanity,“itseemsthatglobalcollapseiscertaintohappeninsomeform,possiblywithinadecade,certainlywithinthiscentury,”Johnsonsaidinanemail.“Onlyifwediscusstheconsequencesofourbiophysicallimits,”theDecemberwarninglettersays,“canwehavethehopetoreducetheirspeed,severityandharm”.Andyetmessengersofthecomingdisturbancearelikelytobeignored.Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine.Asapoetwrote,Manisavictimofdope(麻醉品)Intheincurableformofhope.Thehundredsofscholarswhosignedtheletterareintent(執(zhí)著)onquietinghopethatignorespreparedness.“Let’slookdirectlyintotheissueofcollapse,”theysay,“anddealwiththeterriblepossibilitiesofwhatweseetheretomakethebestofatroublingfuture.”28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“germane”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Scientific. B.Credible.C.Original. D.Relevant.29.Asforthepublicawarenessofglobalcollapse,theauthoris________.A.worried B.puzzledC.surprised D.scared30.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Thesignatoriesmaychangethebiophysicallimits.B.Theauthoragreeswiththemessageofthepoem.C.Theissueofcollapseisbeingprioritized.D.Theglobalcollapseiswellunderway.【答案】28.D29.A30.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文，文章闡述了全球崩塌（globalcollapse）的概念。數(shù)百名科學家、作家和學者在去年12月發(fā)表的一封公開信中向全人類發(fā)出了警告：政策制定者和我們每個人必須直面“全球崩塌”的風險。文章具體闡釋了學者們對這一概念的定義、理解和它的現(xiàn)實意義。【28題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)該詞所在的具體語境，第三段第一句“Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespeciallygermaneinthismomentofstill-uncontrolledpandemicandeconomiccrisesintheworld’smosttechnologicallyadvancednations.”（呼吁公眾對世界不確定性的關(guān)注，尤其與此時此刻的情況密切相關(guān)：此時此刻，在世界上技術(shù)最先進的國家，仍處于無法控制流行病和經(jīng)濟危機的泥潭中），下文也提到，一場病毒肆虐，一個國家社會停止了運轉(zhuǎn)，大流行無法控制，經(jīng)濟下行，這樣的事情在不久之前都是無法想象，不可思議（unthinkable）的，即世界充滿了不確定性。而此時此刻呼吁人們對這種unthinkable加以關(guān)注，正是和此時此刻的世界實況密切相關(guān)。A.Scientific科學的；B.Credible可信的，可靠的；C.Original原來的，原創(chuàng)的；D.Relevant相關(guān)的，有重大關(guān)系的。根據(jù)上面的分析，僅有D符合語境，故選D?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。本題要求判斷作者的情感態(tài)度，根據(jù)原文第五段“yetmessengersofthecomingdisturbancearelikelytobeignored.Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine.”（然而未來崩潰的先行信號很可能被忽略，我們都希望事情在未來會變好）和倒數(shù)最后一段的呼吁，例如“Let'slookdirectlyintotheissueofcollapse,”theysay,“anddealwiththeterriblepossibilitiesofwhatweseetheretomakethebestofatroublingfuture.”（他們說，“讓我們直面全球崩塌的議題，真正去解決我們看到的可能的糟糕情況，以便使未來沒那么糟?！保┛芍?，作者認為公眾對“全球崩塌”的重視意識不夠，比較擔心，A.worried擔憂的；B.puzzled困惑的，茫然的；C.surprised驚訝的；D.scared害怕的，綜合以上的分析，可見作者對此是“擔憂的”，故選A?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。原文詩歌“Manisavictimofdope;Intheincurableformofhope.”（人類是麻醉品的受害者；沉迷于無可救藥的幻想中）表達的是，人類無視未來全球崩塌的巨大危險，把頭埋進沙子里，假裝不知道，充滿不切實際的幻想和希望。而詩歌前面的段落就提到“yetmessengersofthecomingdisturbancearelikelytobeignored.Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine.”（然而未來崩潰的先行信號很可能被忽略，我們都希望事情在未來會變好），結(jié)合上下文，這里指的是人們都幻想著未來就會變好。詩歌之后的最后一段則提到執(zhí)著于“quietinghopethatignorespreparedness.”（掐滅不做準備的空有幻想），接著又借學者之口，提到“Let'slookdirectlyintotheissueofcollapse,”theysay,“anddealwiththeterriblepossibilitiesofwhatweseetheretomakethebestofatroublingfuture.”（他們說，“讓我們直面全球崩塌的議題，真正去解決我們看到的可能的糟糕情況，以便使未來沒那么糟。”）可見，上下文一脈相承，表達相同的一方觀點，未對另一方的觀點有任何呈現(xiàn)，理解文章后可知，作者有明顯的態(tài)度傾向，作者對于這首詩表達的信息是贊同的，故選B。2021年普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（天津卷）英語筆試（第二次）DArtiseverywhere.Anypublicspacehasbeencarefullydesignedbyanartisticmindtobebothfunctionalandbeautiful.Why,then,isartstillsowidelyconsideredtobe“theeasysubject”atschool,insignificanttowidersociety,awasteoftimeandeffort?Artcanconnectculturewithcommercialproductsinawaythatnotmanyotherthingscan;artgeneratesmoneyandholdssignificantemotionalandculturalvaluewithincommunities.Whenpeopleattendaconcert,theyarepayingformusic,sure,maybeevenhotelrooms,meals,andtransport,buttheyalsogainanincredibleexperience,auniqueatmosphereandamemorythatwillgothroughtherestoftheirlives.Peopledon'tjustwantmaterialthingsanymore,theywanttoexperiencelife--theartsareaperfectcrossover(交迭)betweencultureandcommerce.Furthermore,theartscanbringcommunitiestogether,reducinglonelinessandmakingpeoplefeelsafer.Socialbondsarecreatedamongindividualswhentheysharetheirartsexperiencesthroughreflectionanddiscussion,andtheirexpressionofcommonvaluesthroughartworksinhonourofeventssignificanttoanation'sexperience.Theartsclearlyhaveaprettypositiveimpactonphysicalandpsychologicalhealth.Itisfoundthatpeoplewhofrequentculturalplacesorparticipateinartisticeventsaremorelikelytogaingoodhealthcomparedtothosewhodonot;moreengagementwiththeartsislinkedtoahigherlevelofpeople’swellbeing.TheRoyalSocietyofPublicHealthdiscoveredthatmusicandart,whenusedinhospitals,helptoimprovetheconditionsofpatientsbyreducingstress,anxietyandbloodpressure.Childrenwhoareinvolvedwiththeartsmakegreaterachievementsintheireducation:thoseengagedwithdramahavegreaterliteraryabilitywhileotherstakingpartinmusicalpracticeexhibitgreaterskillsinmathandlanguages.Kidswithpreferencefortheartshaveagreaterchanceoffindingemploymentinthefuture.Participatingintheartsisessentialforchilddevelopment;encouragingchildrentoexpressthemselvesinconstructivewayscouldhelptoformhealthyemotionalresponsesinlaterlife.Vitaltohumanlife,artiscelebratedandusedbynationsacrosstheworldforvariouspurposes.Lifewithoutartwouldbeboringanddeadstill,forartisapartofwhatmakesushuman.51.Artproductsdifferfrommostothercommercialproductsbecause____________.A.mostpeoplepurchasethemforcollectionB.theyaremoreexpensiveandlessaccessibleC.theyhavebothcommercialandculturalvaluesD.theirpricesmayclimbupastimepasses52.Bysharingtheirartsexperiences,communitymemberscan_________.A.keepthecommunitysafefromillnessesB.developastrongertiebetweenthemC.learntoappreciatetheirownworksofartD.offerhonourablesolutionstotheirproblems53.Whatcanwelearnaboutpeoplewhoareinvolvedinartisticactivities?A.Theyenjoybetterlivingconditions.B.Theyliketocomparethemselveswithothers.C.Theyareparticularlygoodatbothmusicandart.D.Theytendtobehealthierphysicallyandmentally.54.Howdoeskids’engagementwiththeartsbenefitthem?A.Itpromotestheiracademicperformanceandemotionalgrowth.B.Itgivesthemmoreconfidenceinexhibitingtheirlearningskills.C.Itinspirestheircreativityindesigningtheirfuturecareer.D.Ithelpstomakeresponsiblepeopleoutofthem.55.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.HowArtCuresOurHeartsB.Art:ABlessingtoHumankindC.HowArtBenefitsCommunitiesD.Art:ABridgeBetweenCultures【答案】51.C52.B53.D54.A55.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。講述了藝術(shù)這一活動對人類的重要意義，是我們不可或缺的社會生活之一。從賦予商品的商業(yè)價值，人類的身心健康和青少年的學術(shù)和情感發(fā)展等方面論述了藝術(shù)的重要意義。【51題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Anypublicspacehasbeencarefullydesignedbyanartisticmindtobebothfunctionalandbeautiful.”（任何公共空間都是由藝術(shù)家精心設(shè)計的，既實用又美觀。）以及“Artcanconnectculturewithcommercialproductsinawaythatnotmanyotherthingscan”（藝術(shù)可以將文化與商業(yè)產(chǎn)品聯(lián)系起來，這是其他很多東西都做不到的。）可以看出，可見藝術(shù)參與的作品兼具文化價值和商業(yè)價值。故選擇C。【52題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Socialbondsarecreatedamongindividualswhentheysharetheirartsexperiencesthroughreflectionanddiscussion,,andtheirexpressionofcommonvaluesthroughartworksinhonorofeventssignificanttoanation'sexperience.”（當個人通過反思和討論分享他們的藝術(shù)經(jīng)驗，并通過藝術(shù)作品表達共同的價值觀，以紀念對一個國家的經(jīng)驗有重要意義的事件時，社會紐帶就在他們之間建立起來。），可見通過分享經(jīng)歷，可以建立一種特殊的聯(lián)系和紐帶。故選擇B。【53題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Itisfoundthatpeoplewhofrequentculturalplacesorparticipateinartisticeventsaremorelikelytogaingoodhealthcomparedtothosewhodonot”（研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，經(jīng)常出入文化場所或參加藝術(shù)活動的人比不經(jīng)常出入文化場所或參加藝術(shù)活動的人更容易獲得健康;），可見參加藝術(shù)活動的人們在身心上都相對更加健康。故選擇D。【54題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Childrenwhoareinvolvedwiththeartsmakegreaterachievementsintheireducation”（參與藝術(shù)的孩子在他們的教育中取得更大的成就）以及“encouragingchildrentoexpressthemselvesinconstructivewayscouldhelptoformhealthyemotionalresponsesinlaterlife.”（有助于在以后的生活中形成健康的情感反應。）可見藝術(shù)活動促進了孩子們的學業(yè)表現(xiàn)和情感成長。故選擇A?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Vitaltohumanlife,artiscelebratedandusedbynationsacrosstheworldforvariouspurposes.Lifewithoutartwouldbeboringanddeadstill,forartisapartofwhatmakesushuman.”（藝術(shù)對人類的生命至關(guān)重要，世界各國為各種目的慶祝和使用藝術(shù)。沒有藝術(shù)的生活將是無聊和死氣沉沉的，因為藝術(shù)是我們?nèi)祟惖囊徊糠?。）可見藝術(shù)是人類重要的部分，文章中也詳細描述了藝術(shù)對不同人群的好處。所以短文的最佳標題為“藝術(shù):人類的福祉”。故選擇B。2017全國新課標IIDWhenaleafyplantisunderattack,itdoesn’tsitquietly.Backin1983,twoscientists,JackSchultzandIanBaldwin,reportedthatyoungmapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmellthatneighboringplantscanget.Thesechemicalscomefromtheinjuredpartsoftheplantandseemtobeanalarm.Whattheplantspumpthroughtheairisamixtureofchemicalsknownasvolatileorganiccompounds,VOCsforshort.ScientistshavefoundthatallkindsofplantsgiveoutVOCswhenbeingattacked.It’saplant’swayofcryingout.Butisanyonelistening?Apparently.Becausewecanwatchtheneighborsreact.Someplantspumpoutsmellychemicalstokeepinsectsaway.Butothersdodoubleduty.Theypumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers.Oncetheyarrive,thetablesareturned.Theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbecomeslunch.Instudyafterstudy,itappearsthatthesechemicalconversationshelptheneighbors.Thedamageisusuallymoreseriousonthefirstplant,buttheneighbors,relativelyspeaking,staysaferbecausetheyheardthealarmandknewwhattodo.Doesthismeanthatplantstalktoeachother?Scientistsdon’tknow.Maybethefirstplantjustmadeacryofpainorwassendingamessagetoitsownbranches,andso,ineffect,wastalkingtoitself.Perhapstheneighborsjusthappenedto“overhear”thecry.Soinformationwasexchanged,butitwasn’tatrue,intentionalbackandforth.CharlesDarwin,over150yearsago,imaginedaworldfarbusier,noisierandmoreintimate(親密的)thantheworldwecanseeandhear.Oursensesareweak.There’sawholelotgoingon.32.Whatdoesaplantdowhenitisunderattack?A.Itmakesnoises. B.Itgetshelpfromotherplants.C.Itstandsquietly. D.Itsendsoutcertainchemicals.33.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“thetablesareturned”inparagraph3?A.Theattackersgetattacked. B.Theinsectsgatherunderthetable.C.Theplantsgetreadytofightback. D.Theperfumesattrac