人工智能：政府行動(dòng)路線圖AI：A+Roadmap+for+Governments

incollaborationwith

REPORT

AI:ARoadmap

forGovernments

ToInspireandEnable

TheNextGenerationofGovernments

TheWorldGovernmentsSummitisaglobalplatformdedicatedtoshaping

thefutureofgovernmentsworldwide.Eachyear,theSummitsetstheagendaforthenextgenerationofgovernmentswithafocusonhowtheycanharnessinnovationandtechnologytosolveuniversalchallengesfacinghumanity.

TheWorldGovernmentsSummitisaknowledgeexchangecenterat

theintersectionofgovernment,futurism,technology,andinnovation.Itfunctionsasathoughtleadershipplatformandnetworkinghubforpolicymakers,expertsandpioneersinhumandevelopment.

TheSummitisagatewaytothefutureasitfunctionsasthestageforanalysisoffuturetrends,concerns,andopportunitiesfacinghumanity.Itisalsoanarenatoshowcaseinnovations,bestpractice,andsmartsolutionstoinspirecreativitytotacklethesefuturechallenges.

2WorldGovernmentsSummit

3

TableofContents

Introduction

06

WhyBuildingAnAIRoadmapIsSoUrgent

08

TheAIOpportunity

14

TheAIRisks

18

BalancingRiskAndReward:TheRoleOfGovernments

24

Conclusion

36

Introduction

Artificialintelligence(AI)isexperiencingaperiodofexplosivegrowth.However,thistransformativetechnologyalsopresents

significantchallenges,raisingconcerns

aboutjobdisplacement,bias,privacy,andenvironmentimpact.

Thisreportexploresthecurrentlandscapeof

AI,examiningbothitsimmensepotentialandthecriticalrisksthatneedtobeaddressed.Wedelveintotheroleofgovernmentsinmanagingthispowerfultechnology,focusingonstrategiesforharnessingitsbenefitswhilemitigatingitsdownsides.Aholisticapproachwitheffective

policiesandregulationsiscrucialtoensureAIbecomesaforceforpositivechange,drivingeconomicgrowth,socialprogress,andamoresustainablefuture.

6

7

Section1

WhyBuilding

AnAIRoadmapIsSoUrgent

8

AIisataninflectionpoint.

Today,morethanever,thetechnologyhasthecapacitytotransformnearlyeveryaspectoflife.Thisimmense

potentialiswhygovernments

worldwidearedevelopinganddebatingcomprehensivestrategiestoguidetheresponsibledeploymentofAItoolsthatprotectbothbusinessesandconsumerswhilefosteringinnovation.

9

Whileitmayfeelsudden,theriseofAIhas

beenoccurringfordecades,backedbya

dramaticincreaseincomputingpower.For

instance,inNovember2023,UAE-basedG42andUS-basedCerebrascompletedtheCondorGalaxy1—asupercomputerfourtimesmorepowerfulthanthepreviousbest.1Therewill

beninesuchsupercomputerscombinedintoanunprecedentedsinglenetworkbytheendof2024.Supercomputersaremadepossiblebygraphicsprocessingunits(GPUs),originallydesignedforthevideogamingindustryto

improvecomputergraphics.

GPUshavesincebeenutilizedfortherapid

mathematicalcalculationsthataredemandedbyAI.CondorGalaxy1usesmorethan72,000oftheseGPUs.WhileChinaandtheUSlead

theworldinsupercomputingcapacity,notall

governmentshavethesameresourcestodeploysuchcomputeresources.Initiativessuchas

theEU’sJointSupercomputingInitiativehelpalleviatesuchchallenges,alongwithcloud-basedsupercomputing,althoughthelatterisgenerallynotusedbygovernmentsgivendatasecurityconcerns.

Figure1

Computationalcapacityofthefastestsupercomputersinteraflops

1.1billion0.9billion0.7billion0.5billion0.3billion0.1billion

0

19751980198519901995200020052010201520202025

Source:Dongarraetal.(2023)—withminorprocessingby

OurWorldinData

Figure2

Evolutionofstorageandmemorycost

ThisdataisexpressedinUS$perTerabyte(TB).Itisadjustedforinflation

100trillion

1trillion

100billion

100million

1million

10,000

Memory

Flash

Solidstate

100

Disk

1956197019801990200020102022

Note:Foreachyear,thetimeseriesshowsthecheapesthistoricalpricerecordeduntilthatyear.

Source:JohnC.McCallum(2023);U.S.BureauofLaborStatistics(2024)—withminorprocessingby

OurWorldinData

OthercontributingfactorstoAI’sgrowthincludethelowcostofstorageandcomputingpower.

Cloudstorageisnowubiquitousandeasily

accessible,whileelasticcloudcomputingallowsforflexibilityindemandwhenitcomesto

computerprocessing,memory,andstorage.

10

11

Additionally,advancementsinthemathematical

underpinningsofAI,especiallymachine

learning,orstatisticallearning,arepushingthetechnologyforward.Researchershavedevelopedmathematicaltechniquestoconvertcomplex,

non-linearproblemsintolinearformulations

withnumericalsolutionsandhaveappliedthe

poweroftheelasticcloudtosolvetheseproblems.

Consumer-facingcompanieslikeAmazon,

Facebook,Google,andLinkedInareusingtheseadvancedalgorithmstodeliverpersonalized

experiencestotheircustomers.

Figure3

ResearchinAI

Countofpublications,1980-2021

600

400

200

0

198019851990199520002005201020152020

MachinelearningComputerVisionArti?cialneutralnetworkNLPsemanticsFuzzylogicSearchalgorithmsSource:WhiteHouse,

TheImpactofAIontheFutureofWorkforcesintheEUandUSA

,2022

Andnowcompaniesofalltypesarefunneling

billionsofdollarsintogenerativeAI,asub-areaofAIthatenablesuserstoeasilyandquickly

generatenewcontentbasedonavarietyofuserpromptsorinputs.Thecontentgeneratedby

thesemodelsincludestext,images,sounds,animation,and3Dmodels(Figure4).

GenerativeAImodelsidentifypatternsandstructureswithinexistingdatausingneuralnetworkstogeneratenewcontent.They

leveragedifferentlearningapproaches,

includingunsupervisedorsemi-supervisedlearningfortraining.

Thisallowsorganizationstomoreeasilyand

quicklyutilizelargeamountsofunlabeled

datatocreatefoundationmodels.GPT-3andStableDiffusionareexamplesoffoundationalmodels,whichempoweruserstoharnessthepoweroflanguagefortaskssuchasgeneratingessaysfromtextprompts(ChatGPT)orcreatingphotorealisticimagesfromtextualdescriptions(StableDiffusionandChatGPT’sSora).2

Custom-builtgenerativeAIfoundationmodelscanenableavarietyofothersmartsolutions,asshownin(Figure5).

12

Figure4

OverviewofgenerativeAI

Arti?cial

Intelligence

MachineLearning

Deep

Learning

GenerativeAI

Largelanguage

models

Textgeneration

Classi?cationResearch

SummarizationContentEditing

GenerationTranslation

Imagegeneration

GenerationEditing

Videogeneration

GenerationEditingGameAssets

Taskgeneration?ne-tuning

GenerationEditingGameAssets

Figure5

GenerativeAIusecases

1

2

Enabledby

GenAI

Foundation

Model

5

3

4

1Environment

?Publishedreportsummarizationandanalysisoflatestrisks

?Satelliteimageryanalysisandgeneration

2Healthcare

?MedicalAIgeneratedcontentandrecommendationsbasedonpatients’needsandsituation

?Fullyautomateddrugresearchanddevelopment

3Sports

?Generatediferentteamandsportstrategiesbasedonperformanceandopponents

?Personalizedsportscommentary

4Transport

?Customdrivermessaginggenerationbasedontra代canalysisanddrivingbehavior

?Summarizationoftra代creportsforfasterdecisionmaking

5Logistics

?Generatewarehouselayoutdesignandstoragestrategiesbyanalyzingavailablespace

Source:CBInsights;OliverWymananalysis

OneofthekeybreakthroughsofgenerativeAI

isthatitexhibitsthethreekeycharacteristicsof

ageneral-purposetechnology—itispervasive,

itallowsforrapidimprovement,anditleadsto

furtherinnovation.Thesetechnologiesarepowerfulenoughtosignificantlyimpactproductivityand

economicgrowthacrossawiderangeofindustries.Unlikepreviousgeneral-purposetechnologiessuchasthesteamengineorelectricity,generativeAI’simpactisexpectedtobemuchfasterduetoits

relativeeaseofdiffusionandadoption.

Ithinkweareseeingthemostdisruptiveforce

inhistory;wewillhavesomethingthatforthe

firsttimeissmarterthanthesmartesthuman.

Therewillcomeapointwherenojobisneeded

ElonMuskinconversationwithRishiSunak3

13

Section2

TheAI

Opportunity

14

AI’scapabilitytoaddvalueisplayingoutacrossmultipleindustries.Thetechnologycancreatenewbusinessmodelsandrevenuestreams,whilealsoreinventingexistingprocessesandoperationstoachieveefficiencyandexcellence.

AIisoneofthemost

importantthingshumanityisworkingon.Itismore

profoundthan,Idon’tknow,electricityorfire

SundarPichai4

15

AtShell,forinstance,deployingAI-based

predictivemaintenanceformorethan“500,000refineryvalvesgloballyisestimatedtoyield

severalhundredmilliondollarsayearinreducedmaintenancecostsandincreasedoperational

efficiency.”5ShellplanstodeployseveralAI

applicationsacrossitsupstream,midstream,anddownstreamoperationsgloballywithpotential

savingsreachingbillionsofdollarsayear.

OliverWymanrecentlycollaboratedwithenergygiantAramcotofurtherillustratethepowerof

AI.Byincorporatingadvancedanalytics,AI,andmachinelearningtools,Aramconavigatedmarketvolatilityandoutperformedcompetitorsbya

significantmargin—US$2perbarrel.6

Recentcasestudiesconsistentlydemonstrate

AI’scapacitytoenhanceproductivity.NumerousexamplesillustrateAI’scontributionsto

scientificadvancements—suchasitsuseincontrollingplasmainfusionreactorsandunderstandingproteinfolding—aswellas

itsimpactonhealthcarethroughmedical

diagnosticsanditsroleinprofessionaland

supportservices,likegenerativeAIboostingtheproductivityofcallcenteragentsandsoftwaredevelopers.Indeed,duetoitsextensive

applicationacrossvariousindustriestoimproveperformanceandtransformbusinessmodels,

AIiscommonlyreferredtoasaGeneralPurposeTechnology(GPT).

ChatGPTCreatesAIFrenzy

Whilebusinessesandresearchershavebeen

tappingintoAIforyears,thetechnologywas

thrustintothepublicconsciousnessinlate

2022withthelaunchofOpenAI’sChatGPT.

Thislargelanguagemodel(LLM)mayhave

beenanoveltyformostconsumers,butits

suddenascendencealsoalertedorganizations

andgovernmentstothepossibilitiesofthe

technology—bothpositiveandnegative.Indeed,thefrenzyforall-thingsAIsawcompaniesthat

mentionedAIintheirearningsoutperformthosethatdidnotonthestockmarket.7

Figure6

AIhypeinQ12023earning

765

Alphabet

Meta

2156

Microsoft

853

Amazon

12

Apple

4

Note:AImentionsduringQ12022andQ12023earningcallsofBigTechcompanies

Source:Richter,F.(2023).

TechGiantsWereAllAboutAIThisEarningsSeason

.Statista.

Sincethen,severalsimilarLLMshaveemerged,

includingGoogle’sGemini,Baidu’sErnie,and

upgradedversionsofChatGPTfromMicrosoft-

backedOpenAI.TheshiftofAIfroma“developer”

realmwithneedfortechnicalknowledgetoa

“human”realmduetonaturallanguageprocessingisawatershedmomentinthegrowthofAI.

16

17

Figure7

GlobalgenerativeAIinvestments

US$Billion,2016to2023

25.8

6.4

20222023

InvestmentingenerativeAI

19.0(76%)

25.8

ModelMakersaretechnologycompaniesfocusingondevelopment,traininganddeploymentofgenerativeAImodels

ApplicationsdevelopedthatarederivedfromgenerativeAIfoundationmodelsorincludinggenerativeAIfeatures

3.0

(12%)

1.0(4%)

0.8(3%)

2.0(8%)

Total

ModelApps

makers

Operation

AppswithComputing

proprietarymodels

ExampleofgenerativeAImodelmakers

ModelEntity

Focusarea

GPT-4

OpenAI

Contextawareness,coherentlanguageunderstandingandgeneration

Llama2

Meta

Specializedproficiencyinaparticulardomainortask,

showcasingsuperiorperformanceintargetedapplications

Gemini

Google

Exceptionalmulti-modalcapabilities,seamlessly

integratingandprocessinginformationfromvariousdata

Falcon180B

Technology

InnovationInstitute

High-speedlanguageprocessing,gearedtowardsefficientreal-timeinteractionsandapplications

SaudiAuthorityforData

Availablebyinviteforthoseinterestedintech,culture,

ALLaM

andArtificialIntelligence(SDAIA)

history,andhealth

KingAbdullahUniversity

Specificmethodologiestoaddressthechallenges

AceGPT

ofScienceandTechnology

ofArabicsyntaxandensurealignmentwithlocal

(KAUST)

culturalvalues

Source:Dealroom.co,

GenerativeAI

,2024

Section3

TheAIRisks

18

Despiteitspotential,AIpresents

realandverysignificantrisksthatcanoffsetallitsbenefitsandmore.Manyleadersconsidertheserisksassubstantialtohumanity’ssharedprosperity,andevenexistentialinthelonger-term.

Onethingthat’sclearfrom

everythingthathasbeen

writtensofarabouttherisksofAI—andalothasbeen

written—isthatnoonehasalltheanswers.Another

thingthat’scleartomeis

thatthefutureofAIisnotasgrimassomepeoplethinkorasrosyasothersthink

BillGates8

19

AI’spotentialtoimpactallkeyareasofstrategicnationalimportancehasspurredactionfrom

governmentleadersaroundtheworld,rangingfrompublishinganationalstrategyandactionplantocreatinganAIcoordinatingbodyto

monitoractivity.Countriesarealsoissuing

researchgrantsandengaginginpublic-privatepartnerships,accordingtotheAIPolicy

Observatory

databasewithmorethan1,000

policyinitiatives

from69countriesmaintainedbytheOrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD).9

Aprimaryconcernforgovernmentsandsocietyatlargeistheimpactonjobs.10Whilethereislittle

doubtthatAIwillcreatenewjobsanddemandnewjobtraining,joblossesareinevitable.Goldman

Sachsestimatesthatasmanyas300millionjobscouldbeaffectedbythelatestwaveofAI.11

EvenifAI’soverallimpactonthelabormarket

endsupbeingpositiveinthelong-term,

economichardshipandunemploymentwilllikelyincreaseinthetransitionphase.MITeconomistDaronAcemogluarguesthatunlessthereis

ashiftintheparadigmofAIdevelopment—

includingthebuildingofAItoolsthatareusefultohumanworkersratherthantoolsthatwill

replacethem—theoverallnetimpactonthelabormarketandsocietyaswholemaynotbepositive.Hisisnotalonevoice.12

Questionsalsoariseregardingcopyright

infringement,withoriginalworkfrompublishers,artists,andevencoders,beingusedwithout

consent,leadingtolegalactionagainstAIgiants.13

AIbiasisanothersignificantissue,perpetuatingandamplifyingexistingbiasespresentinthe

dataonwhichitistrained.Forinstance,racial

discriminationoffacialrecognitiontechnologyhasbeenstudiedextensivelyandimagesproduced

bygenerativeAIevidentlyamplifyexisting

stereotypes.AstudypublishedbytheNational

InstituteofStandardsandTechnology,indicated,inone-to-onematching,higherratesoffalse

positivesforAsianandAfricanAmericanfaces

relativetoimagesofCaucasians.Thedifferentialsrangedbetween10to100times.14

20

ThereisalsoAIbiasinhealthcare,which

contributestoexistinghealthdisparitiesforcertainpopulationsbasedonrace,ethnicity,gender,age,orotherdemographicfactors.

Furthermore,anincreaseininequalityand

insecuritycoulddrivefurthersocialinstability

andpoliticalextremism.So-calleddeepfakes,

photosandvideosgeneratedbyAI,canalso

spreaddisinformationandunrest.Thesecouldmakeitevenharderformembersofthepublictodistinguishfactfromfiction.TheWorld

EconomicForum’sGlobalRiskReport2024

highlightsAI-generatedmisinformationand

disinformationasthesecondmostsevereglobalriskanticipatedoverthenexttwoyears.

Thereisclearlyadangerofweakeneddemocraciesfromcompromisedprivacyanderosionoftrust

ingovernments.Withoutproperguardrails,AImaybethebiggestthreattoprivacyandrealdemocracythathaseverdeveloped.

Thisisnotspeculation.TherehavealreadybeenmanyAI-relatedeventsthathaveerodedtrustingovernmentsandlargecorporations.This

includesdatabreachesofmedicalandsensitiveinformation,deepfakesconvincinglyspreadingmisinformation,andfailuresofgovernmentAIsystems(anexampleofthisweretheincorrectarrestsandjailingsinDetroitintheUSAduetofalsefacialrecognitionmatches).15

AIisprofoundlytransformingcybersecuritybyintroducinghighlysophisticatedalgorithms

capableofbreachingsecuresystems.

Furthermore,AIcouldempowerindividualswithlimitedtechnicalexpertisetolaunchsophisticatedcyberattacks,potentiallyamplifyingthefrequencyandseverityofthesethreats.Thepotential

gravityoftheserisks,coupledwithourlimited

comprehensionofthem,iswidelyacknowledgedbyleadersinacademia,industry,andgovernment.

EvenrenownedtechpioneerssuchasBillGates,ElonMusk,SteveWozniakandGeoffreyHinton,theso-calledgodfatherofAI,haveexpressedconcernsregardingtheadvancementand

implementationofAI,advocatingforregulatorymeasurestoaddressthesesecuritythreats.

21

Figure8

NumberofAIincidentsandcontroversies

ThenumberofnewlyreportedAIincidentsandcontroversiesintheAIAAICdatabasewas26timesgreaterin2021thanin2012

260

10

6

10

14

37

59

82

123

218

2012201320142015201620172018201920202021

Source:AIAAICRepository(2022)viaAIIndex(2023)—processedby

OurWorldinData

SpecificallyrelatedtogenerativeAIandtheir

foundationmodels,governmentsareseekinglocalcustom-builtfoundationmodelstomitigate

risksassociatedwithdatasovereignty,culturalindependenceandlargemoneyoutflowsduetowideadoptionofgenerativeAI(Figure9).

Figure9

Risksgovernmentsseektoavoidwithlocalcustom-builtgenerativeAIfoundationalmodels

Datasovereignty

?Controlandmanagedatawithinnationalborders

?Respectprivacylawsandensuredatahandlingcomplieswith

localregulations

?Lessrelianceongiant

model-makersandthedatatheycollectandprocess

Example:Managemedicaldatainternallyandavoiditgoingto3rdpartyproviders

Source:OliverWymananalysis

Financialimpact

?Avoidlargemoneyout?owsfromwideadoptionofgenerativeAI

?MonetizingAIservicesand

enablenewproducts&servicesbyprovidingAPIstoconnecttofoundationmodels

?Integratingfoundationmodelstoenhanceexistingproducts

Example:Charge$0.01foreachAPIquerytofoundationmodelwithanaverageof10millionqueries,1perdayforChatGPT

Culturalindependence

?Protectthecultureinwhichthemodelswillbeused

?Controlnarrativeofoutputtoalignwithculturalpriorities

?Avoidbiastowardsspeci?ccultureorsetofnorms

Example:Replyonlyappropriateanswerstoagovernment

customersupportservice

Beyondthedirectsocialandnationalrisks,

AI’simpactonclimatecannotbeignored.The

necessaryinfrastructurebehindAI,includingdatacentersandcomputingpowerhaveagrowing

carbonfootprint.TheStanfordAIIndexReport

2023estimatedthatthetrainingrunofChatGPT-3emittedaround28timesmorecarbonthanthe

averageAmericanusesinoneyear,andmorethan90timesmorecarbonthantheaveragehuman

usesinoneyear.16

Ofcourse,thecounterargumentisthatAI

canhelpreducecarbonemissionsby—for

example—streamliningrenewableenergy

storageormodelingdesignstocreateoptimalconditionsforlow-energyusage.

Whenyouthinkaboutthepotentialforscamming

people.IfIwasinterestedininvestinginscamming,it’sgoingtobethegrowthindustryofalltimeandit’senabled,inaway,byAI

WarrenBuffett17

Figure10

CO2equivalentemissions(tons)byselectedmachinelearningmodelsandreal-lifeexamples,2022

502

GTP-3(175B)

352

70

Gopher(280B)OPT(175B)

63

25

Car,Avg.Incl.Fuel,1LifetimeBloom(176B)

18

AmericanLife,Avg.,1Year

6

HumanLife,Avg.,1Year

1

AirTravel,1Passenger,NY-SF

Source:StanfordUniversity.“Machinelearning(ML)platformemissionsinCO2equivalentin2022,intonnes.”April15,2023.

Statista

22

23

Section4

BalancingRiskAndReward:

TheRoleOf

Governments

24

HarnessingthebenefitsofAIwhilemitigatingthethreatsitposeswill

notstemautomaticallyfromthe

technologyitselfanditscurrent

formofsiloeddevelopment.Itwillnecessitateaconcertedeffortto

implementadjustmentsandcontrolsacrossinstitutions,regulations,andtechnology.Governmentsarebest

positionedtobeinthedrivingseatofthiscoordinatedeffort.

25

Proactivemeasuresarerequiredtodrive

institutional,regulatory,andtechnological

adaptationsandsafeguardsofAI.ComprehensiveAIruleshavebeenproposedfortheEuropean

Union’s27membercountrieswithanArtificial

IntelligenceAct(EUAIAct).ThelegislationbuildsonearlierguardrailsandwasdeemednecessaryduetotheboomingenerativeAIaswellas

foundationmodelsthatunderpinservicessuchasChatGPT.Atthesametime,manyindividualgovernmentshavecomeforwardwithAI

regulatoryproposals.Theseoftendependonthekeyeconomicsectorsofindividualsstates—andsomestateshavecomeforwardwithregulatory

proposalsfocusedontheAIuse-casesmost

pertinenttotheirkeysectors(insteadofgeneralorall-encompassingregulatoryframeworks).

Giventheneedforauthority,regulation,and

oversight,governmentsarebestpositionedtobeinthedrivingseatoftheefforttoensurethatthedevelopmentanddeploymentofAIisgroundedinstrongethicalandsafetyprinciplesthatmitigatenegativethreats.

Thepublicsector,however,cannotdothisalone.

Workerswhoarefamiliarwiththetechnology,

policy-makers,researcherswhounderstand

theoreticalpotential,andtech-mogulswhocloselyunderstandthepossibilitiesofthetechnology’s

real-worldapplicationsmustallbepartofacoordinatedeffort.

WhatShouldGovernmentsDo?

Governmentsandpolicy-makersneedtoadopt

strategiesthatsupportthebenefitsofAIwhile

alsomitigatingpotentialrisks.Tobeeffective,suchastrategymustbecomprehensive,addressing

allecosystemelementsandreevaluatingtheparadigmofdigitalinclusiontoencompassAIinclusionaswell.

Aspirations

Itisessentialthatnationsclearlydefinetheir

nationalaspirationsfortheuseofAI,outliningthespecificareasoffocusandthedesiredoutcomesofthistransformativetechnology.Assuch,

governmentsacrosstheglobeareformulating

comprehensivegoalsandstrategiestoharnessthecapabilitiesofAIeffectivelyandefficiently.

Whilethereissomecommonground,each

country’sAIaspirationsandstrategiesdiffer

basedonfactorssuchastheireconomicstructure,socialfabric,labormarketandaccesstoaskilledworkforce.Forexample,acountrywithspecific

globalchampionsectors,suchasSaudiArabia

withitsoilandpetrochemicalindustryorTaiwan,SouthKorea,andtheUSforsemiconductors,mayprioritizeAIapplicationsthatfurtherimprove

theperformanceandcompetitivenessofthese.

Ontheotherhand,acountrypronetosocialbiasforhistoricalreasons,oronethatisexperiencingasuddenincreaseinimmigrationforinstance,

wouldwanttoplaceparticularfocusonaddressingandmitigatingbiasinAIsystems.

AnalyzingmorethanadozennationalAIstrategiesrevealsawiderangeofprioritiesregardinggoals,focusareas,andsectors:

26

27

Figure11

AIambitionsofselectedcountries

GeneralAILeadership/GlobalHub

?ElevateChinatotheforefrontofAIinnovationbyachievingworld-leadinglevelsinAItheories,technologies,andapplications

?EstablishChinaastheprimaryglobalAIinnovationcenter

?EstablishAustraliaasagloballeaderindevelopingandadoptingtrusted,secureandresponsibleAI

?CompeteontheinternationalsceneasaleadingeconomyutilizingandexportingData&AI

?PositionSaudiArabiaastheglobalhubwherethebestofData&AIismadereality

?TransformtheUnitedArabEmiratesintoaworldleaderinAIbyinvestinginpeopleandindustriesthatarekeytothecountry’ssuccess

?LeverageAItoincreaseresilience,productivity,growth,andinnovationacrosssectorstocontinuethecountry’sleadershipasascienceandAIsuperpower

?ContinuedAmericanleadershipinAIisofparamountimportancetomaintainingtheeconomicandnationalsecurityoftheUnitedStates

MoreFocusedOnSpecificAIAreas

?BuilddeeptalentpoolsandsupportanationalresearchcommunityonAI

(w)?Developglobalthoughtleadershipontheeconomic,ethical,policyandlegalimplicationsofadvancesinAI

?EnhanceAIresearchecosystemanddevelopandreinforceexcellenceinAIeducationalprograms

?Developcompetencesandskills

?ContinuedsupportforAIR&D

?IntroduceAIsolutionsinpublicsectortoimprovee-servicesandtheefficiencyofthestate

?Developacommonethicalandhuman-centeredbasisforAI

?HelppublicsectoradoptAItoofferworld-classpublicservices

?PositionAustriaasaresearchandinnovationhubforAIinkeyareas

?DeployAItowardsthecommongood

?MaintainAustria’scompetitiveness

?Establishworld-classAIinfrastructure

?Enhanceinnovationcapacity

?Friendlyregulations

Source:Countries’AIstrategies,OliverWymananalysis

Figure12

FocussectorsofAIstrategiesacrosscountries

Targetsectors

Aerospace

√

√

√

√

Agriculture,FoodandForestry

√

√

√

√

√

√

Arts,Media,CulturalandCreativeIndustries

√

√

√

√

Defenceand