課件英語選擇性必修四Unit1Usinglanguage

Unit1LookingforwardsUsinglanguageReview:tensesBYMICHELLEGrammar01Lookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassage.Decidewhichtenseeachisinandmatchthetensestowhattheydescribe.aFormanyofus,it’ssomethingwealreadyhaveexperienced.bWhatwillwebedoingintenyears’time?cHewouldlatergoontowintheNobelPrizeinLiterature.d

...theyoungArthurConanDoyle,borninScotlandin1859,had

originallyworkedasadoctor.e

...DoylewrotesomeofhisearlyHolmesstorieswhilehewaswaiting

forpatientsinhismedicalpraticeinLondon.f

...butSherlockHolmeshasbeenentertainingreadersforwellovera

century.ThePresentPerfectTenseTheFutureContinuousTenseThePastFutureTenseThePastPerfectTenseThePastContinuousTenseThePresentPerfectContinuousTense1.Anactioncompletedinthepastbeforeanotherpastaction.2.Anactionoreventtakingplaceovera

particularperiodinthe

future.3.Anactionthathappenedinaperiodoftimeuptothepresent.4.Anactionthatstartedinthepastandmaystillbegoingonorhave

juststopped.5.Anintendedfutureactionoreventasseenfromthepast.6.Anon-goingsituationatorarounda

particulartimeinthepast.dbafceNowanswerthequestions.Whatothertenseshaveyoulearnt?Findexamplesinthereadingpassage.Whatdothesetensesdescribe?Onemoment,wearelyingcomfortablyinbed,abouttofallintoadeepsleep.(PresentContinuous)....wefindourselveswonderingorevenworryingaboutpossiblythemostimportantissueofourlife.(PresentSimple)Althoughtheysharedthesameambitiousandenergeticapproachtolife,...(PastSimple)totalkaboutactionshappeningnoworaroundnow;tobeusedforfuturearrangements.tobeusedforhabits,permanentsituations,andtruth;tobeusedforthefuturefortimetabledevents,suchasairplanes.todescribeeventsinthepast.Let’sreview!Review:tenses一般體進(jìn)行體完成體完成進(jìn)行體時態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時一般將來時過去將來時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時將來進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時將來完成時01一般時態(tài)的用法一般現(xiàn)在時一般將來時一般過去時過去將來時一般現(xiàn)在時（1）表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與often,always,sometimes,everyday,usually等時間狀語連用。Ibrushmyteethtwiceaday.（2）表示客觀真理、客觀存在、科學(xué)事實、俗語等。Lighttravelsfasterthansound.（3）表示按規(guī)定、計劃、安排、時間表等馬上要發(fā)生的事，通常有表示將來的時間狀語。該用法僅限于少數(shù)表示短暫意義的動詞，如begin,start,end,finish,stop,go,come,leave,sail,arrive,return,close,open等。Theplaneleavesatthreesharp.飛機3點整起飛。一般現(xiàn)在時（4）表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。HerecomesJohn.（=Johniscoming）?。?）在時間、條件、方式、讓步狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來，主句用一般將來時。Anythingwillbecomeboringifyoudoitrepetitively.（6）書報的標(biāo)題，故事的敘述，小說、戲劇、電影等情節(jié)介紹，圖片的說明等常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示或說明過去的事。一般過去時（1）表示在過去確定的某個時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。常用的時間狀語有：yesterday,lastweek,in2015,anhourago,theotherday等。Itwasaterriblepieceofworkyouturnedinyesterday.（2）表示在過去一段時間內(nèi)經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。（3）表示過去時間內(nèi)連續(xù)發(fā)生的動作。Shetookoffhercoatandsatinthesofa.一般過去時（4）有些動作發(fā)生的時間沒有具體表明，但實際上是“剛才，剛剛”發(fā)生的，應(yīng)使用一般過去時，如

“Ididn’tknow/expect...”或“Iforgot...”等，表示事先不知道或不記得，但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)知道或記得的事情。I

didn’texpecttomeetyouhere.

我沒料到會在這里碰見你。（5）在時間和條件狀語從句中，若主句用了過去將來時，從句常用一般過去時代替過去將來時。Hesaidhe

wouldnotgoifitrained.一般將來時（1）“will/shall+動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)：表示客觀上勢必將發(fā)生的事情或臨時做出的打算。shall一般用于第一人稱，will可用于各種人稱。常與nextweek,tomorrow,beforelong,inthefuture,lateron,thedayaftertomorrow等時間狀語連用。Ishallgo

toLondontomorrowandreturntoParis

nextweek.（2）“begoingto+動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)：表示主觀計劃、打算做某事或根據(jù)某種跡象表明某事即將發(fā)生。TheBrownsaregoingto

movetoAustralia.一般將來時（3）betodo結(jié)構(gòu)：表示計劃、約定或按職責(zé)、義務(wù)必須做的事或即將發(fā)生的動作。它強調(diào)客觀安排或受人指示而做某事。I’mtoseehimtodayat6o’clock.（4）beabouttodo結(jié)構(gòu)：表示不久或即將發(fā)生的動作，一般不與時間狀語連用。Themedicalteamisabouttostart.（5）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示將來：有這種用法的主要是一些短暫性動詞，如go,come,leave,start,begin等，表示計劃好或準(zhǔn)備要做某事，很少變更。Mymotheriscomingtovisitme

nextweek.過去將來時（1）過去將來時由“would+動詞原形”構(gòu)成，表示從過去某一時間看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常用于賓語從句或間接引語中。Shetoldusthatshewouldnotgowithus,ifitrained.（2）過去將來時還可用was/weregoingtodo,was/weretodo,was/wereabouttodo及過去進(jìn)行時等方式表示。02進(jìn)行時態(tài)的用法現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時將來進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時（1）表示說話時正在進(jìn)行的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。（2）表示現(xiàn)階段一直在進(jìn)行的動作，但此時此刻該動作不一定正在進(jìn)行。Wearemakingmodelplanesthesedays.這些天我們在做飛機模型。（3）表示此時此刻某一個動作不斷地重復(fù)。（4）表示按計劃或安排將要發(fā)生的動作，常與一個表示將來的時間狀語連用。Iamgoingonatripsoon.我很快就要去旅行了?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時

（5）與always,usually,forever等連用表達(dá)生氣、贊揚、好奇等感情色彩。Heis

alwayshelpingothers.他總是幫助別人。

（6）表示動作逐漸變化的過程，常用動詞有g(shù)et,come,go,leave,start,stop等。Hishealthisimprovingeachday.

他的健康狀況每天都在好轉(zhuǎn)。注意：下列動詞不宜用進(jìn)行時感覺類，如look、smell、feel、sound、taste、see、hear等。感情類，如like、love、prefer、admire、hate、fear等。所有類，如have、contain、own、hold、belongto等。過去進(jìn)行時（1）表示過去某一時刻或某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動作。（2）與短暫性動詞go,come,begin,arrive,start等連用，表示從過去某一時刻看即將發(fā)生的動作，多用于從句中。

Sheaskedhimwhetherhewascomingbackforsupper.（3）表示一個過去的動作正在進(jìn)行時，另一個過去的動作發(fā)生了，常與when,while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句連用。

HetelephonedmewhenIwastidyingmyroom.

過去進(jìn)行時（4）表示禮貌，不表示過去發(fā)生的動作，而表達(dá)現(xiàn)在的客氣或禮貌。Iwasthinkingifyoucouldfinishyourworkthisweek.（5）表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作，常與always,forever連用，帶有一定的感情色彩。（6）表示故事發(fā)生的背景。Itwasacoldnight.Itwasrainingheavilyoutside.那是一個寒冷的夜晚。當(dāng)時外面正下著大雨。

將來進(jìn)行時（1）現(xiàn)在將來進(jìn)行時是指從現(xiàn)在算起的將來某個時間正在進(jìn)行的動作，或往往是已經(jīng)做好安排，認(rèn)為某事肯定會發(fā)生。ThistimetomorrowI’llbewatchingyouplayonTV.（2）過去將來進(jìn)行時表示就過去某一時間內(nèi)而言，將來正在進(jìn)行的動作，主要用于賓語從句中。DoctorWangsaidhewouldbegivinganothertalkonthissubjectatthesametimenextweek.03完成時態(tài)的用法現(xiàn)在完成時將來完成時過去完成時現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在完成時（1）表示“影響”：表示到現(xiàn)在為止動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成，但結(jié)果仍對現(xiàn)在有影響。Look！Somebody

hascleaned

thesofa.瞧，已經(jīng)有人清洗了沙發(fā)。（2）表示“完成”：過去開始的動作到現(xiàn)在已結(jié)束，或馬上就要結(jié)束。IhavealreadysearchedtheInternetbutfoundnothing.我已經(jīng)在網(wǎng)上查過了，但什么都沒找到。（3）表示“經(jīng)歷”：表示從過去到現(xiàn)在經(jīng)歷過的事情，常與often,never,ever,only,twice,before,since等時間狀語連用。Wehaveseenthatfilmbefore.現(xiàn)在完成時（4）表示“持續(xù)”：表示過去某一動作或行為持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并有可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去，常與“since+時間點”，“for+時間段”，sofar、now、today、thisweek（month、year）、foralongtime、inthepast/lastfewyears、thesedays等連用。Wehavelearnt500wordsthesedays.我們最近已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了500個單詞了。（5）在時間、條件狀語從句中代替一般將來時。I’llwatchTVassoonasI’vefinishedmyhomework.我一做完作業(yè)就看電視?，F(xiàn)在完成時

固定句型：①Itis/hasbeen＋時間段＋since...表示“自從……以來已經(jīng)……”。Itis/hasbeentenyearssinceIgraduatedfromtheuniversity.我已經(jīng)從這所大學(xué)畢業(yè)十年了。②This/It/Thatisthefirst/second/third...time（that）．..表示“這/那是（某人）第幾次做某事”，that從句中要用現(xiàn)在完成時。ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavebeenhere.這是我第一次來這里。過去完成時（1）表示在過去某一時刻或動作之前已經(jīng)完成的動作，即“過去的過去”。Hesaidthathehadneverseensuchabeautifulbirdbefore.（2）表示開始于過去某一時間的動作或狀態(tài)延續(xù)到過去另一時間，并有可能持續(xù)下去，常與for,since等詞連用。Ithadbeenverywindyforafewhoursandithadrainedfortwodays.風(fēng)刮了好幾個小時，雨已下了兩天。（3）表示“希望、打算、計劃”的動詞hope,think,expect,intend,mean等的過去完成時表示未曾實現(xiàn)的愿望、計劃，意為“本想，本打算，本計劃”等。Wehadmearnttogotoyourpartyyesterday,butweweretoobusy.過去完成時固定句型：①表示“一……就……”的“hardly/scarcely...when...”“nosooner...than...”等句式中，主句常用過去完成時。②“That/Itwasthe+序數(shù)詞+time+that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中。③“Itwas+時間段+since從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中。將來完成時表示將來某一時間之前完成的動作，并對將來產(chǎn)生一定的影響。IwillhavelivedinShenzhenfor18yearsbytheyearof2028.Willyouhavefinishedyourworkbytheendofthismonth?YouwillhavearrivedatShanghaibythistimetomorrow.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時（1）表示動作從過去某一時間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或離現(xiàn)在不遠(yuǎn)的時間，這一動作可能剛完成，也可能仍在進(jìn)行。這種時態(tài)多用延續(xù)性動詞。Wehavebeenworkingonthisprojectforoveramonth.（2）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時有時所表示的動作并不是一直在不停地進(jìn)行，而是在斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地重復(fù)。這時現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時可用非延續(xù)性動詞。Ihavebeenringingyouseveraltimesintwodays.這兩天內(nèi)我給你打過幾次電話。（3）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時有時可指“剛才”或“近來”發(fā)生的動作，往往暗示這個動作對現(xiàn)在的影響，和現(xiàn)在的情況有聯(lián)系，常含有一種因果關(guān)系。IfeelalittletiredbecauseIhavebeenplayingbasketball.我有些累，我剛才一直在打籃球。Completetheblogwiththecorrectformoftheverbsinbrackets.<>??＋I(xiàn)wokeatdawnagainandalready

thebirds

1___________(sing).Inthecomingdays,

we

2

________________(paint)thetoiletblockthatwehad

beenbuildingoverthelasttwomonths.I3_________________________(live)inthisCambodianvillagefortwomonths.Despitethehardphysicalwork,I4_____________________________(notregret)foronemomentchoosingtospendmygapyearasavolunteerfortheCambodiaFoundation.Itiswonderfultomeetsuchfriendlylocalpeoplewhoarehappytosharetheirliveswithus.weresingingwouldbepaintinghavebeenliving/haveliveddon’tregret/haven’tregrettedCompletetheblogwiththecorrectformoftheverbsinbrackets.<>??＋I(xiàn)5__________(feel)happyandfreeofworries.Andofcourse,I6__________________________(become)fitter.Thisgapyearhasbeenafantasticopportunityformypersonalgrowth,andIsurely7______________(continue)tolearnabouthowotherpeoplelivetheirlivesafteritends.feelhavebecome/ambecomingwillcontinueWorkinpairs.ReadtheprofileandtalkaboutDavid’slifeusingdifferenttenseswhereappropriate.David

MasonPERSONALINFORMATIONDateofBirth20June2001NationalityBritishEDUCATION2007-2013

CarsonPrimarySchool2013-2019

WildwoodHighSchoolEXTRACURRICULAREXPERIENCESept2017

firstprizeforschoolscienceprojectApr-Oct2018

exchangeprogrammeinChinaJul2019-present

gapyearinCambodiaFUTUREPLANS?undergraduatestudyatNewcastleUniversity?chemicalengineeraftergraduation?voluntaryworktohelppeopleinneedDavidMasonwasbornon20Junein2001.HestudiedinCarsonPrimarySchoolfrom2007to2013.Heisgoingtodovoluntaryworktohelppeopleinneed.......Workinpairs.Intervieweachotheraboutyourpastexperienceandfutureplans.Sharethemwiththeclassusingdifferenttenseswhereappropriate.VocabularyBuilding02ChoicesanddecisionsReadtheconversationandanswerthequestions.Payattentiontotheexpressionsinbold.Jenny:What’sup,LiLing?Youlookworried.LiLing:

I’mfacingadifficultdecision.I’vebeenrecommendedforadmissiontostudyphysicsatmydreamuniversity.Jenny:Congratulations!Butwhatdoyoumeanbyadifficultdecision?LiLing:Well,itsoundswonderful,butIhadalreadydecidedtotakethecollegeentranceexamandapplytotheMedicalSchoolthere.Ican’tmakeupmymindwhattherightthingtodois.Jenny:Ithinkitwouldbeagreatpitytopassupthe

opportunitytobeadmittedwithouttakingtheexam.LiLing:Iknow,butIhavealwayswantedtostudymedicineandbecomeadoctor.Physicsisinteresting,butit’snotmypreferredmajor.Jenny:Thenwhytheindecision?Goforyourpreferredmajor.LiLing:ButwhatifIdon’tdowellenoughintheexamtogetintotheMedicalSchool?I’mreallyhavingsecondthoughts.Jenny:Canyouputoffmakingadecisionuntilyou’vespokentoyourhighschooladvisor?LiLing:Ihavealreadytalkedtoher.ShetoldmethatImustdecidewhat’srightformenow,andthengoforit.TheproblemisIdon’tknowwhatisrightforme.Jenny:Well,Iwouldn’trejectanythingoutofhand.Let’sgoforlunch.Thenwecanweighuptheoptionsandtrytocometoadecision.WhatdifficultdecisionisLiLingfacing?Whyisshefeelingworried?WhatdoesJennysuggesttoher?Whatwouldyoudowhenfacedwithadifficultdecision?Shehastomakeachoicebetweenstudyingphysicsatherdreamuniversity,asshehasbeenadmittedwithouttakinganyexam,

andtakingthecollegeentranceexamandapplyingtotheMedicalSchoolthere.

Shedoesn’tknowwhethershecanmaketherightdecision.JennyatfirstsuggestedtoLiLingthatsheshouldgoforherpreferredmajor.Thenshesuggestedthatshecouldputoffmakingadecisionuntilshehadspokentoherhighschooladvisor.

SinceLiLingstillcouldnotmakeadecision,Jennysuggestedthattheycouldgoforlunchandthenweighuptheoptions.Possibleanswer:Iwillweighupthepossibleoptionsandturntomyparentsandteachersforhelpbeforemakingthefinaldecision.Trytoparaphrasetheexpressionsinyourownwords.1.makeupone’smind:2.passuptheopportunity:3.havesecondthoughts:4.putoffmakingadecision:5.rejectanythingoutofhand:6.weighuptheoptions:todeterminetodosomethingtochoosenottomakeuseofanopportunitytochangeone’smindonsecondthoughttochangemakingadecisiontoalatertimetoresolutelyrefusetodoanythingtoconsidertheoptionscarefullybeforemakingadecisionReadthestatementsandcompletethesentenceswiththecorrectformoftheexpressionsinActivity5.1

Mayis

.2

Janeis

.3

Paulfindsiteasyto

.4

Billis

.

5

Amandawantsto

.6JiaYinghasdecidedto

.havingsecondthoughtsputtingoffmakingadecisionmakeuphismindrejectingsomethingoutofhandweighuptheoptionspassuptheopportunityListening&Speaking03Readthepassageandanswerthequestions.Itiscrucialforteenagerstodevelopintomatureandresponsiblemembersofsociety.Inadditiontoparticipationinschool,apart-timejobcanalsobehelpfulinthistransition.Itcanhelpthemachievenewaccomplishments,learnaboutsocietyandbecomemoreindependent.Manycountriesnowhavelawstoregulatepart-timeemploymentforstudents.IntheUK,forexample,thelawstatesthatstudentsaged15and16areallowedtowork

amaximumof12hoursperweekduringtermtime,and35hoursperweekduringschoolholidays.Theyarenotallowedtoworkbefore7amorafter7pm.Whatcanstudentsachieveviapart-timejobs?Studentscanachievenewaccomplishments,learnaboutsocietyandbecomemoreindependent,thusdevelopingintomatureandresponsiblemembersofsocietyviapart-timejobs.Whatregulationsareinplaceforstudentsdoingpart-timejobsintheUK?IntheUK,thelawstatesthatstudentsaged15and16areallowedtoworkamaximumof12hoursperweekduringtermt