外研版高中英語選擇性必修第四冊UNIT4 Period4課件

Period4

Unit4

Everydayeconomics主題語境人與社會——社會（熱點(diǎn)）問題課時(shí)學(xué)案單元語法講練(Usinglanguage)(1)superiorin

在……方面優(yōu)越superiorto 比……優(yōu)越；比……好(2)superiorityn．

優(yōu)越(性)，優(yōu)勢；優(yōu)越感1．superioradj．質(zhì)量上乘的，優(yōu)質(zhì)的[名師點(diǎn)津]

superior表示“較好的，更好的”，因該詞本身已含有比較意味，其前不能用more；另外，在兩者做比較時(shí)，不能與than連用，要與介詞to連用。與其用法相似的詞還有prior，junior，senior，inferior等。[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Yourgoodsaresuperior__qualitycomparedwiththoseofothermanufacturers．②Drivingthecargavehimafeelingoftotalcontrol，effortless__________(superior)．③人類的大腦將永遠(yuǎn)優(yōu)越于機(jī)器，因?yàn)闄C(jī)器僅僅只是人腦的工具。Thehumanmindwillalways_____________________becausemachinesareonlytoolsofhumanminds．insuperioritybesuperiortomachines(1)cometoanend

完結(jié)；結(jié)束bring...toanend＝put/bringanendto

使……結(jié)束；終止(2)attheend(of) 在(……的)盡頭intheend 最后，終于

onend 不停地，連續(xù)地；豎著地2．makeendsmeet使收支僅能相抵[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Themeetingnearlycame__anendwhenIgottothemeetingroom．②Theyarguedfortwodays___end；___theend，theydecidedtobring/putanend__thisendlessargument．③隨著生活花費(fèi)的上升，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)很難做到收支相抵。Withthecostoflivinggoingup，they____________________________．toonintofinditdifficulttomakeendsmeetbeindebt

欠債fall/get/runintodebt 負(fù)債be/getoutofdebt 擺脫/還清債務(wù)payoffone'sdebts 償清某人的債務(wù)putsb．indebt 使某人負(fù)債3．gointodebt陷入債務(wù)之中，負(fù)債[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Ifapersonisheavily__debt，heisunabletoearnhisliving，letalonegainindependence．②Whatmadehimhappywasthatafteralltheseyearsheatlastpaid___allhisdebts．③自己創(chuàng)業(yè)可能是實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)獨(dú)立的一種方法。但另一方面，它可能會讓你負(fù)債。Startingyourownbusinesscouldbeawaytoachievefinancialindependence．Ontheotherhand，itcould__________________．inoffputyouindebt復(fù)習(xí)定語從句一、引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞1．定語從句關(guān)系詞的用法

關(guān)系詞先行詞充當(dāng)?shù)某煞株P(guān)系代詞who人主語、賓語、表語whom人賓語關(guān)系詞先行詞充當(dāng)?shù)某煞株P(guān)系代詞which物/事主語、賓語、表語that人/物主語、賓語、表語、狀語whose人/物定語as人/物/事主語、賓語、表語Sheisthegirlwholivesnextdoor．她就是住在隔壁的女孩。She'sthestudentwhosehandwritingisthebestinmyclass．她是我們班里書法最好的學(xué)生。關(guān)系詞先行詞充當(dāng)?shù)某煞株P(guān)系副詞when時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語where地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語why原因原因狀語Asisknowntousall，Chinaisadevelopingcountry．眾所周知，中國是一個發(fā)展中國家。IstillrememberthedayswhenwestayedinEngland．我仍然記得我們在英國的那些日子。2．關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選用

(1)用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞取決于從句中的謂語動詞。如果是及物動詞，就要用關(guān)系代詞；如果是不及物動詞，則要用關(guān)系副詞。Theletterthat/whichIreceivedyesterdaywasfrommyfather．昨天我收到的那封信是我父親寄來的。ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear．這是我去年待過的山村。(2)準(zhǔn)確判斷關(guān)系詞在定語從句中所作的成分(主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語)，也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞。在從句中作主語、定語、賓語、表語、方式狀語時(shí)，應(yīng)選用關(guān)系代詞(who，whom，that，which，whose，as)；在從句中作地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因狀語時(shí)，應(yīng)分別選用關(guān)系副詞(where，when，why)。3．that和which引導(dǎo)的定語從句的區(qū)別

用that不用which的情況先行詞是all，much，few，little，everything，anything，nothing，none，theone等不定代詞時(shí)先行詞被all，few，little，much，every，some，no等詞修飾或被theonly，thevery，thesame，thelast等限定詞修飾時(shí)用that不用which的情況先行詞是形容詞的最高級或序數(shù)詞，或先行詞被其修飾時(shí)先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)主句是who或which等引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句時(shí)Weshoulddoeverythingthatisusefultothepeople．我們應(yīng)該做一切有益于人民的事。Thisisthesmallestcomputerthatcanbefoundintheworldnow．這是目前發(fā)現(xiàn)的世界上最小的計(jì)算機(jī)。Iboughtagreatmanybooks，onwhichIspentallmymoneythatIsaved．我買了很多書，這些書花了我積攢的所有的錢。用which不用that的情況在非限制性定語從句中用which不用that關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)用which不用that[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練1]單句語法填空①Happinessandsuccessoftencometothose____aregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths．②Doyouknowthereason____hewasabsentyesterday?③___isreported，thatsmallriverhasbeenseriouslypolluted．④Weliveinanage_____moreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore．whowhyAswhen⑤Doyouknowthethingsandpersons____theyaretalkingabout?⑥Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood，_____wasmorethanwehadexpected．⑦LasVegashaswonderfulrestaurants_____youcaneatmanydifferentkindsoffood．⑧Areyouwillingtojointhegroup______goalistoprotecttheendangeredanimals?⑨Theman________ItalkedaboutatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity．thatwhichwherewhosewho(m)二、“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”的用法1．“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的確定方法。(1)根據(jù)從句中的謂語動詞確定介詞。Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichhecanlive．那個窮人沒房子住。(2)根據(jù)定語從句修飾的先行詞確定介詞。Idon'tknowthereasonforwhichhewaslateforschool．我不知道他為何上學(xué)遲到。(3)根據(jù)句子所要表達(dá)的意思確定介詞。Thisisthepilotbywhommysonwassaved．這就是那位救了我兒子的飛行員。2．“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中的關(guān)系代詞通常用which或whom，不用that。I'llneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedthearmy．我永遠(yuǎn)也忘不了我參軍的那一天。Doyouknowthemanwithwhom

MrBlacktalkedjustnow?你認(rèn)識剛才與布萊克先生談話的那個人嗎？3．“介詞＋which”結(jié)構(gòu)可以被關(guān)系副詞where，when，why替換。ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago．＝ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago．這就是兩年前我居住的那個房子。4．“不定代詞或數(shù)詞＋介詞＋which/whom”引導(dǎo)的定語從句說明整體或整體中的部分。Lastweek，onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse，neitherofwhomwantedtobuyit．上周只有兩個人來看房子，他們兩個人都不想買。5．“the＋名詞＋ofwhich”或“ofwhich＋the＋名詞”可替換“whose＋名詞”，引導(dǎo)定語從句。Thehousethewindowsofwhich/ofwhichthewindows/whosewindowsweredamagedhasnowbeenrepaired．窗子遭破壞的那所房子現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)修好了。[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練2]用“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”合并句子①Hewrotealetter．Intheletterheexplainedwhathadhappenedintheaccident．→Hewrotealetter_________heexplainedwhathadhappenedintheaccident．②Ourcompanyhas2，000workers．Twothirdsofthemarewomen．→Ourcompanyhas2，000workers，__________________________________arewomen．inwhichtwothirdsofwhom/ofwhomtwothirds③Winteristhetimeofyear．Duringthistimethedaysareshortandthenightsarelong．→Winteristhetimeofyear，_____________thedaysareshortandthenightsarelong．④I'mverythankfultoMrWang．WithouthisencouragementIcouldn'thavebeenadmittedtoakeyuniversity．→I'mverythankfultoMrWang，__________________________Icouldn'thavebeenadmittedtoakeyuniversity．duringwhichwithoutwhoseencouragement三、限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句1．限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句和先行詞的關(guān)系密切(刪除后影響整個句子意思的表達(dá))和先行詞關(guān)系不密切(起補(bǔ)充說明的作用，刪除后不影響整個句子意思的表達(dá))不用逗號隔開一般用逗號隔開只可以修飾先行詞，不可以修飾主句或主句的一部分既可以修飾先行詞，也可以修飾整個主句或主句的一部分Hehastwosonswho/thatworkinthesamecompany．他有兩個在同一家公司上班的兒子。(他不止兩個兒子)Hehastwosons，whoworkinthesamecompany．他有兩個兒子，他們在同一家公司上班。(他只有兩個兒子)2．a(chǎn)s/which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別

as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，修飾整句話或整件事從句可置于主句前、主句中或主句后，一般譯為“正如，就像”Asweallknow，smokingisharmfultohealth．我們都知道，吸煙有害健康。Hefinishedthetaskaheadoftime，which/asisveryimportanttous．他提前完成了任務(wù)，這對我們很重要。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，修飾整句話或整件事，也可修飾先行詞從句常置于主句后，有時(shí)在主句中，一般譯為“結(jié)果”[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練3]單句語法填空①Heistheman_________cametoseeyouyesterday．②Myaunt，___________youmetinthesupermarket，hasgonetoLondononbusiness．③Finallyhereachedalonelyisland___________wascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld．who/thatwhom/whowhich/that④The12-year-oldboywonthegoldmedal，_____cameasasurprisetomanypeople．⑤___isreportedinthenewspaper，talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress．whichAs短文語境填空Mysisterisacollegestudent1．_________isstudyinginBeijingUniversity．Iwillneverforgetthedays2．_____Ivisitedthisuniversitylastsummer．Sheshowedmearoundtoseethevariousfacilities，includingthelibrary3．___________attractsmeverymuch．Therearemorethantenthousandcollegestudents，allof4．______arefightingfortheirpromisingfuture，5．_________Ihaveneverthoughtbefore．who/thatwhenwhich/thatwhomwhich/asSheisamodelfrom6．_____Iwilllearn．IamdeterminedtostudyhardtobeadmittedintoBeijingUniversity7．_____Iwillimmersemyselfinstronghistoricalandculturalatmosphere．whomwhere①sorrown．令人悲傷的事，不幸②objectn．(極欲得到、研究、注意等的)對象③publishvariouspapers發(fā)表各種論文papern．紙，紙張；報(bào)紙；文件，文獻(xiàn)；試卷；論文④statev．陳述，說明課下預(yù)習(xí)第二篇課文(Developingideas)⑤bebeneficialto對……有好處，有益于……⑥setup創(chuàng)建，建立setouton開始進(jìn)行(某項(xiàng)旅程、任務(wù)或計(jì)劃)⑦takeon具有(特征、外觀等)，呈現(xiàn)takeaction開始行動⑧frustrationn．懊喪，懊惱，沮喪⑨varyfrom...to...從……到……不同⑩takeoff起飛；脫下；開始成功?responsen．回應(yīng)?increasingdemandfor對……不斷增長的需求?competitiveadj．有競爭力的?deliverv．傳遞，傳送?attheclickof一按……?designerclothes名牌服裝?rock-bottomprices最低價(jià)格?rentout出租(房屋、房間、土地等)?acoupleofdays幾天?cutdown(onsth．)減少，削減(某物)?existingregulations現(xiàn)有法規(guī)?ongoingsupervision持續(xù)監(jiān)管?takeadvantageof利用?sharen．股份，份額?expensen．費(fèi)用，花費(fèi)attheexpenseof以損害……為代價(jià)?besubjectto可能受……影響的?abusen．濫用?propertyn．財(cái)產(chǎn)，財(cái)物?victimn．受害者?theftn．偷竊，偷盜?secureadj．安全的securityn．

保護(hù)措施；保安部門；擔(dān)保?potentialrisks潛在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)potentialcustomers/buyers/investors/clients潛在顧客/買家/投資者/客戶withpotential有潛力的?nonethelessadv．盡管如此

?berelevantto與……相關(guān)What'smineisyours．We'vebeentoldsinceweweretoddlersthat“It'sgoodtoshare”．Parentsandteacherskeepremindingustosharetoys，snacks，books，happymemories，andsometimesevensorrows①withothers．Whenwegrowup，wesharephotos，lifestoriesandopinionswithpeoplearoundusandwiththosewedon'tknowviasocialmedia．[1]Takingitasanobject②ofstudy，psychologistshavepublishedvariouspapers③

stating④thatthebehaviourofsharingisbeneficialto⑤

settingup⑥positiveemotionalbonding．[1]本句為主從復(fù)合句。Takingitasanobjectofstudy為動詞-ing形式短語作狀語；that引導(dǎo)賓語從句。Today，theactionofsharingtakeson⑦extrameaning．It'snotjustaboutsharingsweetsorfrustration⑧；ithasexpandedtoalmosteveryaspectofourlives—thewholeworldseemstobeintosharing．Weareusingtechnologytoreducethemoneythatwespendongoodsandservices，ortomakemoneyoutofthosethatwedon'tuseourselvesallofthetime．Thesevaryfromcarsharesto⑨homeshares，andeventopetshares．Thesharingeconomyistakingoff⑩inallsortsofareas．Itiscreatingnewwaysofthinkingandisprovidingservicestopeoplewhenandwheretheywantthem．Thiswealthofwaysofsharingisaresponse?toourincreasingdemandfor?qualitygoodsandservicesatcompetitive?prices，[2]alldelivered?

attheclickof?abutton．[3]Whetherit'sanonlineshopwherewecanhiredesignerclothes?atrock-bottomprices?，oraplatformfromwhichwecanrentout?ourflatsforacoupleofdays?，it'soutthere．Whetherwe'realenderoraborrower，it'sawin-winsituation；everyonemakesorsavesmoney．Wealsomakeconnectionsandsometimesevenmakenewfriends．What'smore，sharingencouragesustoreuseitems，therebycuttingdown?onwaste．Andset-upssuchasbikeandcarsharingdoafurtherfavourfortheenvironmentbyreducingthenumberofpollutingvehiclesontheroad．[2]alldeliveredattheclickofabutton為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。[3]句中Whether...or...引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句；其中where引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞為shop；fromwhichwecan...acoupleofdays為“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句。Butthesharingeconomyisnotwithoutitsproblems．[4]Asisoftenthecaseallovertheworldwithnewareasofeconomicactivity，thesharingeconomyisdevelopingfasterthanexistingregulations?orongoingsupervision?．Somecompaniesaretakingunfairadvantageof?thissituationtoexpandtheirshare?ofthemarket，oftenattheexpense?ofmoretraditionalandestablishedcompanies．Inaddition，thesharingeconomyissubjectto?abuse?oftrust．Somepeoplehaveexperienceddamagetotheirproperties?whilstrentingouttheirhomes，andothershavefoundthemselvesvictims?

oftheft?orattackwhilesharingrides．Finally，personaldata，theheartofthesharingeconomy，isnotyetsecure?．Sharingplatformscollectpersonalinformationaboutalmosteverypartofourlives，includingournames，locations，bankinformation，andindividualpreferencesforgoodsandservices．Yet，thetechnologytopreventsuchinformationfromleakingorbeingstolenstillneedsimprovement，andtheawarenessofpotentialrisks?islowamongbothserviceprovidersandusers．[4]句中As為關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在句中作主語。Nonetheless?，