2022年浙江省寧波市高二下學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試題

2021-2022學(xué)年浙江省寧波市高二下學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試題選擇題部分第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分35分)第一節(jié)(共10小題：每小題2.5分，滿分25分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ASwissdesignerDidierRudolfQuarroz’sloveofChineseteaculturehasinspiredhimtodesigninnovativenewitemstobrewthetea.OuarrozdevelopedaninterestinChineseteaafterworkingataShanghai-baseddesigncompany,wherehewasbychanceengagedinateaproject.HisresearchhelpedhimdevelopadeepunderstandingofthedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternteaproducts.AndthismadehimthinkaboutdesigningitemsforforeignerstobrewChinesetea.“Ihopetodesigneasy-to-useandmoderntea-makingtoolstohelpforeignerstryChinesetraditionalteaandgivethemaninterestingexperienceinbrewingtea,”Quarrozsays.In2017,hemovedtoHangzhou,capitalofEastChina’sZhejiangprovinceandamajortea-productionbase,toexplorethepossibilitiesofapplyingWesternconceptsindesigningobjectsforChinesetea.“Iwanttofocusontheteaindustry,andHangzhouisagreatfitbecauseofthelonghistoryandprofoundcultureofteahere,”Quarrozsays.Quarrozbegantoconcentrateonthedesignofateainfuser(注射器)tomakebrewingeasierforforeigners.It’saglasscontainerwithasilicone(硅膠)lid.Allusersneedtodoistoputtheleavesinside,placeitinacupandaddhotwater.”Theinfusercanbetakenoutfromthecupeasilywithoutusers’fingersbeinghurtbythehotwater,”Quarrozsays.Hangzhouhasaboomingteaindustry,whichhasofferedtheSwissdesignermanyopportunitiestocooperatewithlocalplantationsandcompanies.“DrivenbytheloveofChinesetea,Icooperatewithlocalcompaniesandhelpthemtodevelopnewkindsofteaproducts.Also,wesometimesorganizeworkshopstointroducedifferentteastothepublic,”Quarrozsays.Hangzhoualsoenablessmoothbusinessoperations,headds.“Ingeneral,itiseasytostartabusinessinHangzhou.Andthegovernmentandagenciesareincreasingeffortstohelpandsupportyoungentrepreneurs,includingusfromforeigncountries,”headds.Quarrozsaysheplanstodesign10innovativetea-relatedproductsbycombiningChineseteaculturewithinternationalelements.21.Quarroz’snewitemshavethefollowingfeaturesEXCEPT______.A.beingdesignedbyhand B.usingWesternconceptsC.makingbrewingeasierforforeigners D.providinginterestingbrewingexperiences22.Theunderlinedword“it”inParagraph4probablyreferstothe______.A.container B.infuser C.lid D.leaf23.WhatmakesHangzhouanidealplaceforQuarroztostartabusinessinChina?AQuarrozobtainedmanychancestocooperatewithstate-ownedcompanies.B.Hangzhoufeaturesanewly-builtteaindustryandhasabundantteaprojects.C.Hangzhouorganizesmanyworkshopstointroducedifferentteastothepublic.D.Quarrozcanreceivemuchhelpandsupportfromthegovernmentandagencies.24.Whattypeofwritingisthepassage?A.Abiography. B.Anewsstory.C.Atraveljournal. D.Anadvertisement.【答案】21.A22.B23.D24.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要報(bào)道了熱愛(ài)中國(guó)茶的Quarroz設(shè)計(jì)發(fā)明出易于使用的現(xiàn)代泡茶工具的故事?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“In2017,hemovedtoHangzhou,capitalofEastChina’sZhejiangprovinceandamajortea-productionbase,toexplorethepossibilitiesofapplyingWesternconceptsindesigningobjectsforChinesetea.(2017年，他搬到了中國(guó)東部浙江省省會(huì)杭州，一個(gè)重要的茶葉生產(chǎn)基地，探索在中國(guó)茶葉設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)象中應(yīng)用西方概念的可能性)”以及第四段“Quarrozbegantoconcentrateonthedesignofateainfusertomakebrewingeasierforforeigners.It’saglasscontainerwithasiliconelid.Allusersneedtodoistoputtheleavesinside,placeitinacupandaddhotwater.(Quarroz開(kāi)始專注于設(shè)計(jì)一種茶葉注射器，讓外國(guó)人更容易沖泡。這是一個(gè)帶硅膠蓋的玻璃容器。使用者所需要做的就是把茶葉放進(jìn)去，把它放在杯子里，然后加熱水)”可知，Quarroz的新產(chǎn)品應(yīng)用了西方概念，使得泡茶對(duì)外國(guó)人而言更容易，并可以提供有趣的泡茶經(jīng)歷，并沒(méi)有提及這一產(chǎn)品是手工制作的。故選A項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段“Quarrozbegantoconcentrateonthedesignofateainfusertomakebrewingeasierforforeigners.It’saglasscontainerwithasiliconelid.Allusersneedtodoistoputtheleavesinside,placeitinacupandaddhotwater.(Quarroz開(kāi)始專注于設(shè)計(jì)一種茶葉注射器，讓外國(guó)人更容易沖泡。這是一個(gè)帶硅膠蓋的玻璃容器。使用者所需要做的就是把茶葉放進(jìn)去，把它放在杯子里，然后加熱水)”可知，使用者需要將茶葉放在注射器里，然后將其放在杯子里加熱水沖泡，所以it指代的是注射器。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段““Ingeneral,itiseasytostartabusinessinHangzhou.Andthegovernmentandagenciesareincreasingeffortstohelpandsupportyoungentrepreneurs,includingusfromforeigncountries,”headds.(他補(bǔ)充道：“總的來(lái)說(shuō)，在杭州創(chuàng)業(yè)很容易。政府和機(jī)構(gòu)正在加大力度，幫助和支持年輕企業(yè)家，包括我們這些外國(guó)企業(yè)家?！?”可知，杭州成為Quarroz在中國(guó)創(chuàng)業(yè)的理想之地是由于Quarroz可以從政府和機(jī)構(gòu)那里得到很多幫助和支持。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“SwissdesignerDidierRudolfQuarroz’sloveofChineseteaculturehasinspiredhimtodesigninnovativenewitemstobrewthetea.(瑞士設(shè)計(jì)師DidierRudolfQuarroz對(duì)中國(guó)茶文化的熱愛(ài)激發(fā)了他設(shè)計(jì)創(chuàng)新茶具的靈感)”以及文章內(nèi)容可知，本文主要報(bào)道了熱愛(ài)中國(guó)茶的Quarroz設(shè)計(jì)發(fā)明出易于使用的現(xiàn)代泡茶工具的故事，所以文章是一篇新聞報(bào)道。故選B項(xiàng)。BNothinggreatwaseverachievedwithoutenthusiasm—RalphWaldoEmersonBeingenthusiasticaboutsomethingmeansbeingexcitedaboutagivenproject.Enthusiasminvolveshavingastronginterestinthetaskathand.Ifyoudecidedtolearnanewlanguage,whichisnoteasyanyhow,youwouldhavetodedicateyourselfwholeheartedlytothecause.Anythinglesswouldresultinfailure.Whatisrealenthusiasm?Inyourpursuingsuccess,enthusiasmmeansthatyoubelievedeeplyinwhatthecompanyisdoing.Youalsobelievethatyourjobisimportantandcontributestothecause.Itmeansthatyou’rewillingtomakeeveryefforttoachievethecompany’sgoals.Realenthusiasmiswhenyouleapoutofbedinthemorningandattackyourdaywithmuchenthusiasmandenergy.Youhavegreatenthusiasmfortheworkyoudoandthepeopleyouworkwith.Thispushesyoutoimproveandbecomeabetterperson.Enthusiasmmeansthatyouarestimulatedbyyourwork,andareabletofindnewchallengesandkeepgrowingprofessionally.Furthermore,mostjobshavesomeelementsthatarelessfunandmoredifficulttocarryout.Thisiswherepassionreallycomesintoplay.Passionhelpsyougetahead.Enthusiasmaboutajoborprojectusuallytranslatesintopositiveenergy.Thatis,ifyouareexcitedaboutaproject,youwillbeanxioustogetstartedandgetresults.Themerefactoflookingforwardtoyourworkwillhelpmakeyoumoreproductiveandeffective.Youwillplanmoreeffectivelyandpaycarefulattentiontodetail.Youwillcarryoutyourplanmorecarefullyandaimforthebestresultspossible.Increaseyourenthusiasm.Mostmenaren’tborngreat—theybecomegreat.Similarly,noteveryoneistheenthusiastictypethatfallsinlovewiththeirwork.However,donotdespair.Therearewaystobecomemorepassionate.25.What’sthepurposeofquotingEmerson’ssayingatthebeginningofthepassage?A.Tointroducethetopic. B.Toarousereaders’enthusiasm.C.ToillustrateEmerson’sinfluence. D.Tosummarizegreatpeople’senthusiasm.26.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsenthusiasm?A.Objective. B.Negative. C.Positive. D.Indifferent.27.Whatismostlikelytobediscussedintheparagraphthatfollows?A.Benefitsofenthusiasm. B.Significanceofenthusiasm.C.Goodwaystoboostpassion. D.Successstoriesofpassionatepeople.【答案】25.A26.C27.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了什么是真正的熱情，以及人們提高熱情的作用?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Nothinggreatwaseverachievedwithoutenthusiasm.(沒(méi)有熱情，就不會(huì)有偉大的成就)”結(jié)合下文介紹了什么是真正的熱情，以及人們提高熱情的作用推知，文章開(kāi)頭引用愛(ài)默生的話是為了引入文章主題，介紹熱情。故選A項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Passionhelpsyougetahead.Enthusiasmaboutajoborprojectusuallytranslatesintopositiveenergy.(熱情幫助你取得成功。對(duì)工作或項(xiàng)目的熱情通常轉(zhuǎn)化為正能量。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為熱情可以幫助人取得成功，熱情可以轉(zhuǎn)化為正能量。由此推知，作者對(duì)于熱情的態(tài)度是積極的。故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“However,donotdespair.Therearewaystobecomemorepassionate.(然而，不要喪失信心。有很多方法可以讓你變得更有熱情)”可推知，接下來(lái)的段落可能會(huì)介紹讓你變得更有熱情的方法，即激發(fā)熱情的方法。故選C項(xiàng)。CDolphinsaremuchmoreintelligentthanhumanspreviouslythought.Scientistshaverecentlydiscoveredthatbottle-noseddolphinscanrecognisethemselvesinthemirror—muchlikeyouandIcan!Whenyouseeaspotonyourface,whatdoyoudo?Gotothemirrortimeandagain,andwonderwhatitisstilldoingthere.Well,thisisexactlywhattwomalebottle-noseddolphins,PresleyandTab,doaswell.So,theselovableaquaticanimalsarenotjustsailors’friends,buttheyarealsoawareoftheirbodies—almostlikehumans!AReutersnewsagencyreportinTheTelegraphsaysthatPresleyandTabstayinapoolwithreflectiveglasswallsintheNewYorkAquarium.ResearchersintheWildlifeConservationSociety’sOsbornLaboratoriesofMarineSciencenoticedthatwhenPresleyandTabsawtheirownreflections,theydidnotseemtothinkthattheywerelookingatanotherdolphin.Dolphinsareverysocialcreatures,andarefriendlywithhumansaswellastheirownkind.Thisgottheresearchersthinking.Perhapsthedolphinsrecognisedtheirownimages?Sotheydecidedtofindout.Usingnon-toxicink,theymademarksondifferentpartsofthedolphins’bodies,changingtheplaceeveryweek.Everytimetheirbodiesweremarked,thedolphinsmademoretripstothemirrorthanusual.Iftheinkmarkswereontheirtummies(肚子),theywouldexposetheirtummiestothemirrorandlookatthemforalongtime.Nowdoesn’tthatsoundfamiliar?Imaginethedolphinswondering—“Nowwheredidthatmarkcomefrom?Iwonderhowlongit’sgoingtostay?”Tillnow,onlythegreatapeslikethechimps,thegorillasandtheorangutanshavedisplayedthisqualityofrecognisingtheirimagesinthemirror.Allotheranimalshavefailedthistest.Theresearchersfeelthatthesefindingsmayincreasehumansensitivitytowardsdolphins,whicharebeinghuntedandslaughteredingreatnumbers.Dolphinfins(鰭)areconsideredasdelicaciesinseveralSouth-EastAsiancountries.28.WhichbehaviourdoesNOTshowdolphinsrecognisetheirownimagesintheexperiment?A.Exposingtheirmarkedpartstothemirror.B.Makingmoretripstothemirrorthanusual.C.Lookingatthemselvesinthemirrorforalongtime.D.Wonderingaboutthereasonsforthemarksontheirbodies.29.Theexampleofgreatapesisusedtoindicatethat______.A.dolphinsareasintelligentasgreatapesinawayB.dolphinsareasgoodatsocializingasgreatapesC.animalstendtobeawareoftheirbodiesinthemirrorD.animalscanbetrainedtorecognizetheirimagesinthemirror30.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.DolphinsintheMirror B.AnimalIntelligenceintheMirrorC.ScientificAssumptionofDolphins D.HumanSensitivityTowardsDolphins【答案】28.D29.A30.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了科學(xué)家最近發(fā)現(xiàn)，海豚可以像人類一樣在鏡子中認(rèn)出自己?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Everytimetheirbodiesweremarked,thedolphinsmademoretripstothemirrorthanusual.Iftheinkmarkswereontheirtummies,theywouldexposetheirtummiestothemirrorandlookatthemforalongtime.(每次海豚身體被標(biāo)記時(shí)，它們都會(huì)比平時(shí)更多地去看鏡子。如果墨跡印在它們的肚子上，它們會(huì)把肚子暴露在鏡子前看很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間)”以及第五段“Imaginethedolphinswondering—“Nowwheredidthatmarkcomefrom?Iwonderhowlongit’sgoingtostay?”(想象一下海豚在想——“現(xiàn)在這個(gè)標(biāo)記是從哪里來(lái)的？我想知道它會(huì)呆多久？”)”可知，將標(biāo)記部分暴露在鏡子前、比平時(shí)更多地去看鏡子以及在鏡子里看著自己很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間這些行為可以表明海豚可以識(shí)別自己的形象；然而“想知道它們身上的印記是怎么來(lái)的”是人類站在海豚的立場(chǎng)想象出來(lái)的，并是說(shuō)明海豚能識(shí)別自己的圖像的行為。故選D項(xiàng)。【29題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段“Tillnow,onlythegreatapeslikethechimps,thegorillasandtheorangutanshavedisplayedthisqualityofrecognisingtheirimagesinthemirror.(到目前為止，只有像黑猩猩、大猩猩和紅毛猩猩這樣的類人猿才能在鏡子中識(shí)別自己的形象)”可知，文章用類人猿的例子來(lái)說(shuō)明海豚在某種程度上和類人猿一樣聰明。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Scientistshaverecentlydiscoveredthatbottle-noseddolphinscanrecognisethemselvesinthemirror—muchlikeyouandIcan!(科學(xué)家最近發(fā)現(xiàn)，瓶鼻海豚可以在鏡子中認(rèn)出自己——就像你和我一樣)”以及文章內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了科學(xué)家最近發(fā)現(xiàn)，海豚可以像人類一樣在鏡子中認(rèn)出自己。由此可知，“鏡子中的海豚”可以作為文章標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Thereisalong-standingargumentinscientificcirclesoverhowtoclassifyviruses.They’realivebecausetheymultiply,havegenesandevolve.Yetthey’renotaliveastheydon’thavecellsandcan’tsurviveontheirown.Viruseshaveonemission:tofindahostanduseittoreproduce,eventuallycausingthehost’scellstoburstanddie.___31___Fortunately,asweknowagreatdealabouthowvirusesdotheirdamage,weknowhowtoavoidthem.Thesefactsareagoodplacetostart.Youcangetsomevirusesmorethanonce.There’sapopularmyththatonceyou’vehadavirus,you’renotlikelytobeaffectedagain.That’snotalwaysthecase,saysKathleenDass,anallergistandimmunologist.Whenyougetavirus,yourbodybuildsupantibodies(抗體)tofightit.Thoseantibodiesstayinyoursystem,helpingyouavoidfutureinfections.___32___However,noteveryonemakesenoughantibodiesandtheymaywearoffovertime,whichiswhyyouneedmoreshotsofsomevaccines.Inaddition,virusescanchange,makingyourantibodiesineffectiveagainstanewkind.Youcanbeinfectiouswithoutevershowingsymptoms.Someviruses，includingCOVID-19andAIDS,canbespreadviaasymptomaticpeople(theyneverhavesignsoftheillness)andpresymptomaticpeople(theydon’thavesymptomsyet),accordingtotheCenterforDiseaseControlandPrevention.Somepeoplemaybesuperspreaders,infectingdozenstohundredsofotherpeoplewithoutevenrealizingit.___33___Youcanbechargedforknowinglyspreadingsomeviruses.___34___Butpleasestayhomewhenyoufeelillbecauseyoucouldbechargedifyouweretoknowinglyinfectsomeonewithanincurablevirus,suchasHIVorherpes.Forinstance,thesingerUsherhasbeenchargedbyhispartnersfornotmentioninghisherpes.Similarly,theactorCharlieSheenhasbeenchargedtwiceforexposingwomentoHIVwithouttellingthem.Don’taskforantibioticsforyourviralinfection.Antibiotics(抗生素)killbacteria,buttheydon’tworkonvirusesatall.___35___Infact,researchersfoundthatsomanypeopleareconvincedthatantibioticswillhelptheirviralsymptomsthatuptoonethirdofallantibioticprescriptions(處方)areunnecessary.A.Thisisalsohowvaccineswork.B.Manypeopledoubtifantibioticsareacure-for-all.C.That’swhyvirusesthatinfecthumansalwayscauseillness.D.Itisnotawisechoicetohangoutifyouknowyou’reinfected.E.Sotakemeasurestopreventspreadingvirusesevenwhenyoudon’tfeelsick.F.Stillmanydoctorsreportfeelingpressuredbypatientswhoinsistonthemdespiteaviralinfection.G.It’sunlikelythatanyonewilltakeyoutocourtforpassingonthevirusestopeoplearoundtheoffice.【答案】31.C32.A33.E34.G35.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了關(guān)于病毒的一些知識(shí)?！?1題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Viruseshaveonemission:tofindahostanduseittoreproduce,eventuallycausingthehost’scellstoburstanddie.(病毒只有一個(gè)任務(wù)：找到宿主并利用它繁殖，最終導(dǎo)致宿主細(xì)胞爆裂死亡。)”可知，上文講述的是病毒生存的原理，而宿主細(xì)胞爆裂死亡就會(huì)讓宿主生病。選項(xiàng)C“That’swhyvirusesthatinfecthumansalwayscauseillness.(這就是為什么感染人類的病毒總是引起疾病的原因。)”符合文意，故選C?！?2題詳解】根據(jù)上文“There’sapopularmyththatonceyou’vehadavirus,you’renotlikelytobeaffectedagain.That’snotalwaysthecase,saysKathleenDass,anallergistandimmunologist.Whenyougetavirus,yourbodybuildsupantibodies(抗體)tofightit.Thoseantibodiesstayinyoursystem,helpingyouavoidfutureinfections.(有一種流行的說(shuō)法是，一旦你感染了病毒，你就不太可能再受影響。過(guò)敏?？漆t(yī)生、免疫學(xué)家KathleenDass說(shuō)，情況并非總是如此。當(dāng)你感染病毒時(shí)，你的身體會(huì)產(chǎn)生抗體來(lái)對(duì)抗它。這些抗體會(huì)留在你的體內(nèi)，幫助你避免未來(lái)的感染。)”可知，這種情況與疫苗的原理一致。選項(xiàng)A“Thisisalsohowvaccineswork.(這也是疫苗的工作原理。)”與上文內(nèi)容一致。故選A?！?3題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Someviruses，includingCOVID-19andAIDS,canbespreadviaasymptomaticpeople(theyneverhavesignsoftheillness)andpresymptomaticpeople(theydon’thavesymptomsyet),accordingtotheCenterforDiseaseControlandPrevention.Somepeoplemaybesuperspreaders,infectingdozenstohundredsofotherpeoplewithoutevenrealizingit.(美國(guó)疾病控制和預(yù)防中心表示，包括COVID-19和艾滋病在內(nèi)的一些病毒可以通過(guò)無(wú)癥狀人群(他們從未出現(xiàn)疾病癥狀)和癥狀前人群(他們還沒(méi)有癥狀)傳播。有些人可能是超級(jí)傳播者，在沒(méi)有意識(shí)到的情況下感染了幾十到數(shù)百人。)”可知，有時(shí)候你可能沒(méi)有任何癥狀或者就沒(méi)有生病也要注意防范，以阻止病毒的傳播。選項(xiàng)E“Sotakemeasurestopreventspreadingvirusesevenwhenyoudon’tfeelsick.(所以即使你不覺(jué)得不舒服，也要采取措施防止病毒傳播。)”是對(duì)此類人群的建議，符合文意。故選E?！?4題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Butpleasestayhomewhenyoufeelillbecauseyoucouldbechargedifyouweretoknowinglyinfectsomeonewithanincurablevirus,suchasHIVorherpes.(當(dāng)你感到不舒服的時(shí)候，請(qǐng)呆在家里，因?yàn)槿绻闶枪室飧腥窘o其他人一種無(wú)法治愈的病毒，如艾滋病毒或皰疹，那么你可能會(huì)被指控。)”可知，下文指的是故意傳播病毒會(huì)被起訴。通過(guò)“but”可知，上文內(nèi)容與之存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)G“It’sunlikelythatanyonewilltakeyoutocourtforpassingonthevirusestopeoplearoundtheoffice.(不太可能有人因?yàn)槟惆巡《緜魅窘o辦公室里的人而把你告上法庭。)”與下文存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，且符合文意。故選G?！?5題詳解】通過(guò)上文“Antibiotics(抗生素)killbacteria,buttheydon’tworkonvirusesatall.(抗生素能殺死細(xì)菌，但對(duì)病毒根本不起作用。)”可知，抗生素對(duì)病毒不起作用。而下文“Infact,researchersfoundthatsomanypeopleareconvincedthatantibioticswillhelptheirviralsymptomsthatuptoonethirdofallantibioticprescriptions(處方)areunnecessary.(事實(shí)上，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，很多人相信抗生素會(huì)緩解他們的病毒癥狀，以至于有三分之一的抗生素處方是不必要的。)”則告訴我們，很多人還是選擇用抗生素治療病毒。選項(xiàng)F“Stillmanydoctorsreportfeelingpressuredbypatientswhoinsistonthemdespiteaviralinfection.(仍然有許多醫(yī)生報(bào)告說(shuō)，盡管有病毒感染，病人仍然堅(jiān)持使用藥物，這讓他們感到有壓力。)”承上啟下，符合上下文內(nèi)容。故選F。第三部分：語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)第一節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。JeniferMauerhasneededmorewillpowerthanthetypicalcollegestudenttopursuehergoalofearninganursingdegree.Thatwillpower___36___fruitwhenJennifergraduatedfromUniversityofWisconsin-EauClaireandbecamethe___37___inherlargefamilytoearnabachelor’sdegree.Mauergrewuponafarminafamilyof10children.Herdadworkedatajobawayfromthefarm,andhermother___38___thefarmwiththekids.Afterhighschool,Jennifer___39___alocaltechnicalcollege,workingtopayher___40___,becausetherewasnoextramoney___41___foracollegeeducation.Aftergraduation,sheworkedtohelphersistersandbrothers___42___theirschooling.Jennifernowismarriedandhasthreechildrenofherown.Shedecidedtogobackto___43___toadvancehercareerandtobeableto___44___supportherfamilywhiledoingsomethingsheloves:____45____.ShechosetheUW-EauClaireprogramatMinistrySaintJoseph’sHospitalinMarshfield____46____shewasabletopursueherfour-yeardegree____47____tohome.Shecoulddrivetoclassandbehomeintheeveningtohelpwithherkids.Jeniferreceivedgreat____48____fromherfamilyassheworkedtoearnherdegree:Herhusbandworkedtwojobsto____49____thebills,andher68-year-oldmotherhelpedtakecareofthechildrenattimes.Throughitall,sheremainedingood____50____standingandgraduatedwithhonors.Jennifersacrificedtoachievehergoal，givingupmanynightswithherkidsand____51____importanteventstostudy.“Somenightsmyheartwasbreakingtohavetopickbetweenmy____52____andstudyingforexamsorpapers,”shesays.____53____,herchildrenhavelearnedanimportantlesson____54____theirmotherearnherdegree.Jenniferisafirst-generationgraduateanda(n)____55____toherfamily—andthat’sprettypowerful.36.A.bore B.spoilt C.promoted D.replaced37.A.last B.best C.first D.least38.A.updated B.purchased C.supplied D.ran39.A.struck B.attended C.supported D.abandoned40.A.fare B.tuition C.debt D.bill41.A.setdown B.setup C.setaside D.setout42.A.payfor B.payback C.payoff D.payout43.A.work B.dormitory C.branch D.college44.A.better B.less C.just D.never45.A.engineering B.teaching C.nursing D.farming46.A.that B.because C.although D.but47.A.contrary B.accessible C.attached D.close48.A.application B.solution C.support D.complaint49.A.cover B.raise C.obtain D.preserve50.A.responsible B.pleasant C.comfortable D.academic51.A.presenting B.confirming C.missing D.recognizing52.A.kids B.health C.goal D.career53.A.Still B.However C.Also D.So54.A.proving B.remarking C.sharing D.witnessing55.A.inspiration B.indication C.resolution D.reflection【答案】36.A37.C38.D39.B40.B41.C42.A43.D44.A45.C46.B47.D48.C49.A50.D51.C52.A53.B54.D55.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了詹妮弗通過(guò)自己的努力以及家人的幫助，完成了四年學(xué)業(yè)，她的努力不僅讓自己以優(yōu)異的成績(jī)畢業(yè)，還給孩子們樹(shù)立了榜樣，激勵(lì)了孩子們?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)詹妮弗從威斯康星大學(xué)奧克萊爾分校畢業(yè)并成為她的大家庭中最早獲得學(xué)士學(xué)位的人，毅力結(jié)出了果實(shí)。A.bore結(jié)果實(shí)；B.spoilt破壞；C.promoted促進(jìn)；D.replaced更換。根據(jù)下文“JennifergraduatedfromUniversityofWisconsin-EauClaireandbecamethe___2___inherlargefamilytoearnabachelor’sdegree.”可知，詹妮弗的毅力結(jié)出了果實(shí)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)詹妮弗從威斯康星大學(xué)奧克萊爾分校畢業(yè)并成為她的大家庭中最早獲得學(xué)士學(xué)位的人，這種毅力結(jié)出了果實(shí)。A.last最后的；B.best最好的；C.first最早的；D.least最少的。根據(jù)下文“Jenniferisafirst-generationgraduate”可知，詹妮弗是她的大家庭中最早獲得學(xué)士學(xué)位的人。故選C項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她爸爸在農(nóng)場(chǎng)以外的地方工作，她媽媽和孩子們一起經(jīng)營(yíng)農(nóng)場(chǎng)。A.updated更新；B.purchased購(gòu)買(mǎi)；C.supplied提供；D.ran經(jīng)營(yíng)。根據(jù)下文“thefarmwiththekids”可知，此處表示她媽媽和孩子們一起經(jīng)營(yíng)農(nóng)場(chǎng)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：高中畢業(yè)后，詹妮弗就讀于當(dāng)?shù)氐囊凰夹g(shù)學(xué)院，努力工作以支付學(xué)費(fèi)，因?yàn)闆](méi)有為大學(xué)教育預(yù)留額外的資金。A.struck罷工；B.attended參加；C.supported支持；D.abandoned放棄。根據(jù)下文“Aftergraduation,sheworkedtohelphersistersandbrothers___7___theirschooling.”可知，詹妮弗去上了大學(xué)，attendcollege表示“上大學(xué)”。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：高中畢業(yè)后，詹妮弗就讀于當(dāng)?shù)氐囊凰夹g(shù)學(xué)院，努力工作以支付學(xué)費(fèi)，因?yàn)闆](méi)有為大學(xué)教育預(yù)留額外的資金。A.fare票價(jià)；B.tuition學(xué)費(fèi)；C.debt債務(wù)；D.bill賬單。根據(jù)上文“Jennifer___4___alocaltechnicalcollege”以及下文“becausetherewasnoextramoney___6___foracollegeeducation.”可知，詹妮弗去上大寫(xiě)，但是沒(méi)有留出額外的錢(qián)交學(xué)費(fèi)，所以此處表示詹妮弗努力工作以支付學(xué)費(fèi)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：高中畢業(yè)后，詹妮弗就讀于當(dāng)?shù)氐囊凰夹g(shù)學(xué)院，努力工作以支付學(xué)費(fèi)，因?yàn)闆](méi)有為大學(xué)教育預(yù)留額外的資金。A.setdown記下；B.setup建立；C.setaside留出；D.setout出發(fā)。根據(jù)上文“becausetherewasnoextramoney”以及語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示沒(méi)有為大學(xué)留出的額外的錢(qián)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：畢業(yè)后，她努力工作以幫助她的弟弟妹妹們支付學(xué)費(fèi)。A.payfor支付；B.payback償還；C.payoff償清；D.payout賠付。根據(jù)下文“theirschooling”以及語(yǔ)境可知，詹妮弗畢業(yè)后努力工作，幫助弟弟妹妹們支付學(xué)費(fèi)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她決定重返大學(xué)，以推進(jìn)自己的事業(yè)，并能夠更好地養(yǎng)活家人，同時(shí)做自己喜歡的事情：護(hù)理。A.work工作；B.dormitory宿舍；C.branch分校；D.college學(xué)院。根據(jù)下文“ShechosetheUW-EauClaireprogramatMinistrySaintJoseph’sHospitalinMarshfield___11___shewasabletopursueherfour-yeardegree___12___tohome.”可知，此處表示，為了推進(jìn)自己的事業(yè)，詹妮弗重返大學(xué)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：她決定重返大學(xué)，以推進(jìn)自己的事業(yè)，并能夠更好地養(yǎng)活家人，同時(shí)做自己喜歡的事情：護(hù)理。A.better更好；B.less更少；C.just只是；D.never從不。根據(jù)下文“supportherfamilywhiledoingsomethingsheloves”以及常識(shí)可知，重返大學(xué)進(jìn)修，推進(jìn)事業(yè)，可以更好地養(yǎng)活家人。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她決定重返大學(xué)，以推進(jìn)自己的事業(yè)，并能夠更好地養(yǎng)活家人，同時(shí)做自己喜歡的事情：護(hù)理。A.engineering工程；B.teaching教學(xué)；C.nursing護(hù)理；D.farming務(wù)農(nóng)。根據(jù)上文“JeniferMauerhasneededmorewillpowerthanthetypicalcollegestudenttopursuehergoalofearninganursingdegree.”可知，詹妮弗喜歡做的事情是護(hù)理。故選C項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：她選擇了位于馬什菲爾德的圣約瑟夫部醫(yī)院的UW-EauClaire項(xiàng)目，因?yàn)樗軌蛟诩腋浇プx四年制學(xué)位。A.that以至于；B.because因?yàn)?；C.although盡管；D.but但是。根據(jù)下文“shewasabletopursueherfour-yeardegree___12___tohome.”可知，空后介紹了詹妮弗選擇這一項(xiàng)目的原因，空處應(yīng)用連詞because，表示“因?yàn)椤?。故選B項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她選擇了位于馬什菲爾德的圣約瑟夫部醫(yī)院的UW-EauClaire項(xiàng)目，因?yàn)樗軌蛟诩腋浇プx四年制學(xué)位。A.contrary相反的；B.accessible可接近的；C.attached附加的；D.close近的。根據(jù)下文“Shecoulddrivetoclassandbehomeintheeveningtohelpwithherkids.”可知，詹妮弗攻讀四年制學(xué)位的地方在她家附近。故選D項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：詹妮弗在獲得學(xué)位的過(guò)程中得到了家人的大力支持：她的丈夫做了兩份工作以足夠支付賬單，她68歲的母親有時(shí)幫助照顧孩子。A.application應(yīng)用；B.solution解決方案；C.support支持；D.complaint抱怨。根據(jù)下文“Herhusbandworkedtwojobsto___14___thebills,andher68-year-oldmotherhelpedtakecareofthechildrenattimes.”可知，詹妮弗得到了家人的大力支持。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：詹妮弗在獲得學(xué)位的過(guò)程中得到了家人的大力支持：她的丈夫做了兩份工作以足夠支付賬單，她68歲的母親有時(shí)幫助照顧孩子。A.cover足以支付；B.raise舉起；C.obtain獲得；D.preserve保留。根據(jù)上文“Herhusbandworkedtwojobs”可知，她的丈夫做了兩份工作是為了足夠支付賬單。故選A項(xiàng)。【50題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：自始至終，她仍然保持著良好的學(xué)術(shù)地位，并以優(yōu)異的成績(jī)畢業(yè)。A.responsible負(fù)責(zé)的；B.pleasant愉快的；C.comfortable舒適的；D.academic學(xué)術(shù)的。根據(jù)下文“andgraduatedwithhonors”可知，詹妮弗的學(xué)術(shù)成績(jī)良好，以優(yōu)異的成績(jī)畢業(yè)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：詹妮弗為了實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的目標(biāo)做出了犧牲，放棄了很多和孩子們?cè)谝黄鸬耐砩?，錯(cuò)過(guò)了重要的事情為了學(xué)習(xí)。A.presenting授予；B.confirming確認(rèn)；C.missing錯(cuò)過(guò)；D.recognizing辨別出。根據(jù)上文“Jennifersacrificedtoachievehergoal”可知，詹妮弗為了實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的目標(biāo)做出了犧牲，所以此處表示錯(cuò)過(guò)重要的事情。故選C項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她說(shuō)：“有些晚上，我不得不在孩子和為準(zhǔn)備考試或論文學(xué)習(xí)之間做出選擇，這讓我心碎。”A.kids孩子；B.health健康；C.goal目標(biāo)；D.career職業(yè)。根據(jù)上文“givingupmanynightswithherkidsand___16___importanteventstostudy.”可知，此處表示在陪伴孩子和學(xué)習(xí)之間做出選擇。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，她的孩子們?cè)谝?jiàn)證母親獲得學(xué)位的過(guò)程中學(xué)到了重要的一課。A.Still仍然；B.However但是；C.Also也；D.So如此。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，上下文之間表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，空處應(yīng)用副詞however表示“但是”。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，她的孩子們?cè)谝?jiàn)證母親獲得學(xué)位的過(guò)程中學(xué)到了重要的一課。A.proving證明；B.remarking評(píng)論；C.sharing分享；D.witnessing見(jiàn)證。根據(jù)下文“theirmotherearnherdegree”可知，孩子們見(jiàn)證了自己的母親獲得學(xué)位的過(guò)程。故選D項(xiàng)。【55題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：詹妮弗是第一代畢業(yè)生，也是鼓舞她家人的心的人——那是非常強(qiáng)大的。A.inspiration鼓舞人心的人；B.indication指示；C.resolution決議；D.reflection反思。根據(jù)上文“herchildrenhavelearnedanimportantlesson___19___theirmotherearnherdegree.”以及語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示對(duì)家人而言，詹妮弗是鼓舞人心的人。故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共10小題：每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Manyanimalsusecamouflage(保護(hù)色)tomakethemharder___56___(see).Hunterssuchasleopardsdothissothattheanimalstheywanttoeatdon’tseethemandrunaway.Preyanimalssuchasdeerusecamouflagetoavoid___57___(eat).WillAllenattheUniversityofBristolisenthusiasticaboutwhyanimalssuchascatshavedifferentpatterns.Forexample,whyarealeopard’sspotsdifferentfrom___58___ofacheetah(獵豹)?In___59___attempttofindoutthereasons,hedecidedtouseamathematicaltechniquecalled“reaction-diffusion”.Healsotalkedtoscientistsfrommanydifferentfieldssuchas___60___(psychological),engineeringandcomputerscience.Inthisway,hecouldcomparecamouflagepatternswiththeanimals’behaviorsandhabitatsmuchmore___61___(accurate).Willhasdiscoveredthatthepatterns___62___(connect)withtheenvironment.Catsthatliveinforestswithmanytreeshavemorecomplicatedpatternsandcats___63___(spend)moretimeintreeshavemoreirregularpatterns.Willconcludesthatcats’camouflagedependson___64___theyliveandhowtheyhunt.Evolutionhascreatedthemostsuitablepatternforeachparticularhunter.Will’sstudiesmeanwecanpredictabigcat’shabitatandlifestyle___65___lookingatthepatternsofitsfur.【答案】56.tosee##tobeseen57.beingeaten58.those59.an60.psychology61.accurately62.areconnected63.spending64.where65.by【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了布里斯托爾大學(xué)的威爾·艾倫經(jīng)過(guò)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，動(dòng)物的保護(hù)色模式與環(huán)境有關(guān)?！?6題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：許多動(dòng)物使用保護(hù)色使其更難被看見(jiàn)。根據(jù)固定句型makesb./sth.adj.todo可知，空處應(yīng)填不定式，see與邏輯主語(yǔ)them之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，空處應(yīng)用不定式的被動(dòng)式；且see與句子主語(yǔ)Manyanimals之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，空處可以使用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。故填tosee/tobeseen。【57題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：鹿等捕食動(dòng)物使用保護(hù)色來(lái)避免被吃掉。avoiddoingsth.表示“避免做某事”，結(jié)合語(yǔ)意，此處表示避免被吃掉，空處應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式形式作賓語(yǔ)。故填beingeaten?！?8題詳解】考查代詞。句意：例如，為什么豹子的斑點(diǎn)與獵豹的不同？結(jié)合語(yǔ)意，此處為同類異物指代，應(yīng)用that/those，spots表示“斑點(diǎn)”，為名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以空處應(yīng)用代詞those進(jìn)行指代。故填those?！?9題詳解】考查冠詞。句意：為了找出原因，他決定使用一種叫做“反應(yīng)擴(kuò)散”的數(shù)學(xué)技術(shù)。此處為固定短語(yǔ)inanattempttodosth.表示“試圖作某事”，attempt是元音音素開(kāi)頭的單詞，前邊應(yīng)用an。故填an。【60題詳解】考查名詞。句意：他還與心理學(xué)、工程學(xué)和計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)等許多不同領(lǐng)域的科學(xué)家進(jìn)行了交談?？仗幣cengineering和computerscience并列，應(yīng)用名詞psychology，表示“心理學(xué)”，作為suchas之后列舉的不同領(lǐng)域。故選psychology。【61題詳解】考查副詞。句意：通過(guò)這種方式，他可以更準(zhǔn)確地將保護(hù)色模式與動(dòng)物的行為和棲息地進(jìn)行比較。空處修飾動(dòng)詞compare，應(yīng)用副詞形式作狀語(yǔ)，accurately是副詞，表示“準(zhǔn)確地”。故填accurately?！?2題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：威爾已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)這些模式與環(huán)境有關(guān)。that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句敘述一般性事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，beconnectedwith表示“與……有關(guān)”，主語(yǔ)thepatterns是復(fù)數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用are。故填areconnected。【63題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：生活在有許多樹(shù)木的森林中的貓科動(dòng)物有更復(fù)雜的模式，而花更多時(shí)間在樹(shù)上的貓科動(dòng)物有更不規(guī)則的模式。空處作非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，spend與被修飾詞cats之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。故填spending?！?4題詳