高中英語人教版必修-第一冊(cè)(2019)-Unit3-Discover-useful-structur

Unit3語法精講直接引語和間接引語WhatdidSianasay?DirectspeechIndirectspeechObserve:

howtochange?1Theexpertsaidthatfromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.2Thereporteraskedwhetherpolarbearswoulddieoutbecauseofclimatechange.3Thereporteraskedhowwecouldsavepolarbearsfromextinction.4Theexpertadvisedustoworktogethertostopclimatechange.1Theexpertsaid,“Fromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.”2Thereporterasked,“Willpolarbearsdieoutbecauseofclimatechange?”3Thereporterasked,“Howcanwesavepolarbearsfromextinction?”4“Let’sworktogethertostopclimatechange,”theexpertsaid.DirectspeechIndirectspeech◆特殊疑問句：objectiveclause◆祈使句：verb+infinitive◆Noquotationmarks“”◆一般疑問句：if/whetherUsepasttenseWhatdid

he/she

say?DoctorTimThedoctorsaidthatTimneededmoreexercise.Timsaidthathewasdrinkingasfastashecould.概念直接引述別人的原話，叫____________;直接引語用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫_________。間接引語直接引語通常都用_________括起來，引號(hào)“”間接引語在多數(shù)情況下都構(gòu)成一個(gè)________。賓語從句直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，從句中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語和動(dòng)詞、句型等一般要作相應(yīng)的變化。直接引語間接引語時(shí)態(tài)的變化人稱的變化12指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語和動(dòng)詞的變化3句型的變化4一隨主直接引語中的第一人稱變間接引語后與主句主語的人稱保持一致Hesays,“Ilikemathverymuch.”Hesaysthathelikesmathverymuch.二隨賓直接引語中的第二人稱變間接引語后與主句賓語的人稱保持一致HesaidtoLily,“Youmustgetupearly.”HetoldLilythatshemustgetupearly.第三人稱不更新直接引語的第三人稱在變間接引語后人稱不變Shesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim.”Shetoldmethattheywantedtohelphim.二.直接引語和間接引語的變化1.人稱變化人稱變化Shesaid,“IlikeTennis.”Shesaidthat____likedtennis.DengTaosaidtoLily,“howisyoursisternow?”HeaskedLilyhow_______wasthen.Shesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim.”Shetoldmethat_____wantedtohelphim.shehersistertheyHesaid,“Ilikeitverymuch.”Hesaidthathelikeditverymuch.Hesaidtome,“I’veleftmybookinyourroom.Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinmyroom.Isaidtoher,“Ihavedonemybest.”ItoldherthatIhaddonemybest.人稱變化句型轉(zhuǎn)換（1）“Iwillcomeandseeyouagainthisevening,

Tom.”shesaid.→ShetoldTomthat

wouldgoandsee

againthatevening.（2）Hesaidtome，“Youarewrong.”→Hetoldmethat

waswrong.（3）“Areyouasoldier?”heasked.→Heaskedif/whether

wasasoldier.（4）Heasked，“Whereareyougoingtogetoff，John?”→HeaskedJohnwhere

wasgoingtogetoff.sheIhimIhe

直接引語一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/does一般將來時(shí)willdo現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am…doing現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)havedone一般過去時(shí)did過去完成時(shí)haddone

間接引語一般過去時(shí)did過去將來時(shí)woulddo過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/weredoing過去完成時(shí)haddone過去完成時(shí)haddone過去完成時(shí)haddone時(shí)態(tài)變化e.g.“Idon’tknowthat,”hesaid.Hesaidthathedidn’tknowthat.（1）Theteachersaid，“YouaredoingOK.”→Theteachersaidthat

doingOK.（2）Hesaid，“Ihavewrittenanovel.”→Hesaidthat

anovel.（3）Hesaid，“Shewillcomeheretohavealongholiday.”→Hesaidthat

gotheretohavealongholiday.wewerehehadwrittenshewould(4)Theteachersaid,

“Wherethereisawill，thereisaway.”→Theteachersaidthatwherethere

awill,

there

away.(5)Janesaid,“Mary，wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouonthebus?”→JaneaskedMarywhere

whenshemetheronthebus.shewasgoing is

is

時(shí)態(tài)變化1.Shesaid,

“Ihopeyouareright.”

Shesaid(that)

shehopedIwasright.2.Tomsaid,“I’llcallyoulater.”

Tomsaidthathe

wouldcallyouthen.3.Hesaid,

“Iamhavingsupper.”

→Hesaidthathe

washavingsupper.

4.Thedesignersaid,

“Wehavebegunourproject.”

→Thedesignersaidthatthey

hadbeguntheirproject.

5.Hesaid,“Ifailedtheexam.”

→Hesaidthathe

hadfailedtheexam.

注意：以下幾種情況時(shí)態(tài)不變①直接引語是客觀真理。

The

teachersaid"The

earth

moves

around

the

sun

.”→

The

teacher

said

(that)

the

earth

moves

around

the

sun

earth.

③直接引語中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日作狀語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。LeiMiao

said

“I

was

born

on

December

11,

1999.”→LeiMiaosaid

she

was

born

on

December

11,

1999.

②直接引語是過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。YangLong

said

“IwasdoingchoreswhenTomcametoseeme.”→YangLongsaidhewasdoingchoreswhenTomcametoseehim.

④直接引語如果是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，變間接引語，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：

WenHui

said,

“I

get

up

at

six

every

morning。”

⑤如果直接引語中的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有過去時(shí)的形式,時(shí)態(tài)不再變（例：could,

should,

would,

might） Thedoctorsaidtome,“Youshouldstayinbedfor2days.”

→ThedoctortoldmethatIshouldstayinbedfor2days.”

或已經(jīng)是過去時(shí)的形式時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不再變。（例：oughtto;hadbetterusedto）DangRan

saidtome.

"You

had

better

come

here

today."

→She

said

(that)she

gets

up

at

six

every

morning.→DangRan

said

tome(that)

I

had

better

go

there

that

day.直接引語間接引語指示代詞this,thesethat,those時(shí)間狀語地點(diǎn)狀語方向性動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

now,

then,

today,

thatday,thisweek

thatweekyesterday

thedaybefore

lastweek

theweekbefore

fourdaysago

fourdaysbefore

thedaybeforeyesterdaytwodaysbefore

tomorrow

thenext/followingdaynextmonth

thenext/followingmonthhere

therecome,

go,bringtake

can,may,must

could,might,hadto

部分詞的變化tonightthatnightlaterthen如果就在當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述,tomorrow,yesterday,tomorrow不變?nèi)绻诋?dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述,here不必改為therecome不必改為go（1）“Iwillcomeandhelpyoutomorrow，John，”shesaid.→ShetoldJohnthatshewould

andhelphim________________.

（2）“I’llcomeandseeyouagainthisevening，Tim，”hesaid.→HetoldTimthathewouldgoandseehimagain

.（3）MrHarryasked，“John，haveyoupassedtheexamyesterday?”→MrHarryaskedJohnwhetherhehadpassedtheexam_________.（4）Theoldmansaid，“Iliketotalkwiththeseyoungmen.”→Theoldmansaidthathelikedtotalkwith

youngmen.（5）Shesaidtome，“Ilivedherefiveyearsago.”→Shetoldmeshehadlived

fiveyears

.thenextdaythateveningthedaybeforethosetherego

beforeBossTimWhatdid

he/she

say?ThebosssaidthatshehadtoldTimnoraisethedaybefore.Timrepliedthathewouldtryagainthenextdaywhenshe

wasinabettermood.句式變化：直接引語如果是疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，要把疑問句語序變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z序。一般疑問句→由連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，其主句謂語動(dòng)詞常用ask,wonder,wanttoknow等。e.gMotheraskedme,“Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?”→Motheraskedmewhether/ifIhadfinishedmyhomework.選擇疑問句→由whether...or引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。e.g“AreyougoingtoBeijingorShanghaifortheholidays?”sheasked.→SheaskedmewhetherIwas

goingtoBeijingorShanghaifortheholidays.反意疑問句→由連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。e.g“Youdon’tlikerockmusic,doyou?”hesaid.→Heaskedmewhether/ifIlikedrockmusic.特殊疑問句→間接引語變成由原來疑問句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。e.g.“Howmanysleepingpillshaveyoutaken?”askedthenurse.→ThenurseaskedmehowmanysleepingpillsIhad

taken.Theteacherasked,“Wherehaveyoubeen?”→TheteacheraskedmewhereIhadbeen.（1）Hesaid，“I’veleftmybookinyourroom.”→Hetoldme

he

hisbookinmyroom.（2）Shesaid，“DoyoulikewatchingtheadvertisementsonTV?”→Sheaskedme

I

watchingtheadvertisementsonTV.（3）“Wheredidyoufindtheadsforjobsabroad?”Billasked.→Billasked

theadsforjobsabroad.that

whether

whereIhadfoundlikedhadleft表示請(qǐng)求、勸告、建議等意義的疑問句變?yōu)殚g接引語： suggest+doing

、advise+sb+todoe.g.“Whataboutstartingearlytomorrowmorning?”Jacksaid.→Jack__________________earlytomorrowmorning.“Whydon’tyoutaketherestofthedayoff?”askedmyassistant.→Myassistant__________________therestofthedayoff.suggested

starting

advised

metotake祈使句→變成間接引語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞+賓語+不定式。常見引述動(dòng)詞有tell,order,ask,warn。如果祈使句為否定式，則在不定式前加not。e.g.HesaidtoAnn,“Tellmeyourproblem.”→HetoldAnntotellhimherproblem.“Becarefulwiththedog,boys,”shesaid.→Shewarnedtheboystobecarefulwiththedog.“Don’tworkinbed,Tom,”shesaid.→ShetoldTomnottoworkinbed.（4）“Whatareyoudoingnow?”Momasked.→Momasked

then.（5）Hesaid，“Pleasecomehereagaintomorrow.” →He

again

.（6）Hesaid，“Don’tmakesomuchnoise，boys.”→Hetoldtheboys

somuchnoise.whatIwasdoingaskedmetogothere

nottomake thenextdayP29,

exx.

2Herearesomestatementsandquestionsbychildrenwhoattendedscientificlectures.Guesswhotheyweretalkingtoandthenchangethesentencesintoindirectspeech.NameStatements/QuestionsDianeDianeaskedwhathadmadeHurricaneKatrinaunusual.Diane

askedif/whetherithadbeentheworstnaturaldisasterinAmericanhistory.NameStatements/QuestionsMarthaMarthasaid/toldmethatshewantedtobecomeascientistandhelptheworld.Marthasaid/toldmethatshewasdoingaprojectonbehalfofherschoolaboutglobalwarming.BobBobasked

why

nuclearpowerwassuchasensitivetopic.Bobaskedif/whethertheycouldexplainhowthenucleardisasterhadhappened.NameStatements/QuestionsLauraLauraaskedhowmanyanimalshaddisappearedbecauseofhumanhunting.Lauraaskedwhatwecoulddotohelpwildanimals.VincentVincentsaid/toldmethathehadneverbeentotheAmazonJungle.Vincentaskedif/whetherscientistswoulddiscovernewspeciesthere.句式——祈使句Sbask/…＋sb(not)todoThemothersaidtotheboys,“Bequiet.”

Mrs.Greensaid,“Kim,pleasebringmeacupoftea.”

Theteachersaid,“Don’tmakeanynoise.”

Mrs.GreenaskedKimbringheracupoftea.Themotheraskedtheboystobequiet.Theteacheraskedmenottomakeanynoise.order/tell/advise/…句式——祈使句Isaidtohim,“Let’sstartatonce.”

Isuggestedthattheyshouldstartatonce.Iadvisedhimtostartatonce.Isuggestedstartingatonce.句式——祈使句Hesaid:“HowhappyIam!”

Hesaidthathowhappyhewas.Hesaid/exclaimedthathewaseveryhappy.Sbask/order/advise/tell…＋sbtodo直接引語間接引語Theofficersaidtohim,“Don’tleaveyourpost.”Let’s開頭的祈使句:Isaidtohim,“Let’sstartatonce.”感嘆句:Hesaid:“HowhappyIam!”Isuggestedtohimthatwe(should)startatonce.Isuggestedstarting…Hesaidthathewasveryhappy.Hesaidhowhappyhewas.Heexclaimedtha