Unit5RevealingnatureUnderstandingideas課件-高中英語選擇性

Unit5RevealingnatureUnderstandingideasLearningobjectivesacquiresomeinformationaboutsomeanimals，plantsandanaturalistbyviewing,readingandsharing;concludeDarwin’spersonalqualitiesbyanalyzinganddiscussing.Shareabouthowthe

spiritofscientificexplorationinfluencesourlifeandstudy.Bytheendofthislesson,wewillbeableto:1Whatdoyouknowabouttheseanimals?Whatmakesthemspecial?2Whatothersimilaranimalsdoyouknowabout?Shareyourknowledgewiththeclass.Lookatthepagefromasciencemagazineandanswerthequestions.KomododragonswerefirstencounteredbyWesternresearchers1910.TheresearchersaidtheancestoroftheKomododragonmostlikelyevolvedinAustraliaandspreadwestward,reachingtheIndonesiaislandofFlores900,000yearsago.KomododragonsWhatdoyouknowabouttheseanimals?Thefirstscientiststoexamineapreservedplatypusbodyjudgeditafakeinthelate18thcentury.Theoldestdiscoveredfossilofthemodernplatypusdatesbacktoabout100,000yearsago.Duck-billedplatypusWhatdoyouknowabouttheseanimals?Fossilrecordsindicatethatthenautilushassurvivedrelativelyunchangedforaround500millionyears.Itisoftenconsidereda“l(fā)ivingfossil”.NautilusWhatdoyouknowabouttheseanimals?TheKomododragonisthelargestlizardintheworld.

Itcangrowtothreemetresinlengthandcanweighabout135kilograms.Despiteitssizeandweight,itcanrunforshortdistancesatupto20kilometresperhour.Theduck-billedplatypusisasmallegg-layingmammal(upto60cminlength)foundonlyinEasternAustraliaincludingTasmania.Asitsnamesuggests,ithasamouththatlookslikeaduck’sbill,whileitsthickfurandflattailaresimilartothoseofabeaver（海貍）.Asoneoftheoldestseaanimalsintheworld,thenautilushashardlychangedinabout500millionyears,andthatiswhyitisoftengiventhename“l(fā)ivingfossil”.Watchandanswer1Howcanseedstravel?Howcanthisbenefitplants?Watchandanswer1Howcanseedstravel?Howcanthisbenefitplants?Seedscanetravelgreatdistancesbybeingcarriedbythe_________,uponthe____________,__________or__________.windwateranimalspeopleWatchandanswerSeedshavea__________(better/worse)chanceatlifewhentheyare________(closer/further)awayfromtheirparentplant.Growingtoo_________(far/close)totheparentplantmeansseedsmightnotgetenough_______,________andnutrientsfromthe_______.Aspeciesis________(more/less)likelyto_________ifitsmembersaremore________(closely/widely)spread.betterfurtherclosesunwatersoilmoresurvivewidely1Howcanseedstravel?Howcanthisbenefitplants?Watchandanswer2Canyouthinkofanotherexampleofseedstravelling?鳳仙花屬某種（Impatienssp）dandelionLead-inWhatspeciesdoyourecogniseinthepicture?Anevolutionarytreealgae(藻類）moss（苔蘚）fern(蕨類）gymnosperms(裸子植物）angiosperm(被子植物）paramecium(草履蟲-單細(xì)胞生物）jellyfish水母腔腸動物flatworm(扁形動物）earthworm蚯蚓(環(huán)節(jié)動物）snail蝸牛(軟體動物）starfish(棘皮動物）crab螃蟹(節(jié)肢動物）fishturtle海龜(爬行動物）frog青蛙（兩棲動物）birdzebra斑馬(哺乳動物）human(哺乳動物）PlantsAnimalsLead-inLookattheevolutionarytreeandanswerthequestions.Anevolutionarytree2Whatfactorscancausetheprocessofevolution?populationimmigrationculturalpreferencesgeneticmutation(基因突變）theresultofnaturalcompetition(自然競爭)environmentalchangeslowerformsoflifehigherformsoflifeComicsusedtomockCharlesDarwin

1.Whatisthegenre(typeofwriting)ofthepassage?NarrativeB.ExpositionC.ArgumentationGenre:Elements:time,place,characterandeventBeforethejourney

DuringthejourneyAfterthejourney(Paragraph1)(Paragraph2-5)(Paragraph6-7)1Darwin'sinterestinvariouslivingthingsmadehimagreatnaturalist.2Darwin'sjourneyontheBeagleinspiredhisTheoryofEvolution.3Darwinwentonajourneytoconfirmhistheorythathumanshadevolvedovertime.Choosethemainideaofthepassageandgiveyourreasons.Fastreading√Matchthepartswithmainideas.FastreadingPart1(Paras.1-2)Part2(Paras.3-5)Part3(Paras.6)Part4(Paras.7)A.TheremarkaboutOntheOriginofSpecies.B.Darwin'snewtheoryaboutevolution.C.Thenewdiscoveriesduringthejourney.D.Darwinansweredthecallandbeganhisjourney.貝格爾號的船長想要招募這樣一名船員，這名船員將能“借此機(jī)會訪問遙遠(yuǎn)而鮮為人知的國家并從中受益”。然而來應(yīng)聘的人并不是船長心中的理想人選。這個年輕人從醫(yī)學(xué)院肄業(yè)，并且在他剛收到父親的來信，信中預(yù)言他將會成為“你自己和你全家人的恥辱”。盡管如此，他的這次乘船探險之旅將帶來有史以來最重要的一項(xiàng)科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)。Para1profitbyanswerthecallfirstchoicereceivealetterbeadisgracetoleadtoofalltime(1)Whydidn’tthecaptainoftheBeaglethinkDarwinwasthebestchoice?A.BecauseDarwinwasn’tadmittedtoauniversity.B.BecauseDarwinwasdismissedfromschool.C.BecauseDarwinleftmedicalschoolwithoutcompletinghisdegree.D.BecauseDarwinhadnotenoughinterestinvisitingdistantcountries.(2)Whatdidpeoplethinkaboutthespeciesatthattime?A.Allspeciesevolvedfromthesamespecies.B.Allspeciescameintobeinginthemeantime.C.Somespeciesappearedearlierthantheothers.D.Somespeciesimprovedalotsinceitsappearance.(3)WhatwasDarwin’snewtheorythen?A.Environmentplayedanimportantrole.B.Speciesevolvedwiththechangingenvironment.C.Differentspecieslivedindifferentenvironment.D.Themorecomplicatedthespecieswere,themoretimeittooktoevolve.(4)HowdidpeoplereacttoDarwin’stheoryatfirst?A.Astonished. B.Convinced.C.Satisfied. D.Interested.這個受到質(zhì)疑的年輕人就是地質(zhì)學(xué)家和自然學(xué)家查爾斯·達(dá)爾文，他對巖石和動植物有著濃厚的興趣。1831年，他搭乘貝格爾號從英格蘭啟程。這次旅程給了他研究自然環(huán)境中各種生物的契機(jī)。在南美洲度過一段時間后，他的船艙里堆滿了收集到的動植物樣本。當(dāng)他研究這些樣本時，他產(chǎn)生了疑問：這些不同的物種是如何產(chǎn)生的?Para2inquestionfascinatedbythechancetodosthbecrowdedwithcometoexist當(dāng)時，人們認(rèn)為所有的物種都是同時出現(xiàn)在地球上的，并從此再無變化。但達(dá)爾文開始有了不同的想法。他注意到，有些不同物種的動物彼此間很相似。也許動物為了適應(yīng)不斷變化的環(huán)境會逐漸進(jìn)化？雖然這只是一個設(shè)想，但足夠激勵達(dá)爾文去尋求更多證據(jù)。Para3adapttoinspiresbtodoatthesametimethinkdifferentlynoticedbesimilarto1835年，當(dāng)貝格爾號抵達(dá)加拉帕戈斯群島時，達(dá)爾文發(fā)現(xiàn)了各種各樣的新物種，但最令他感興趣的是鳥類。達(dá)爾文注意到，在群島中的每一個小島上，雀鳥之間有所不同。它們的喙似乎是根據(jù)所在島嶼上可覓得的食物進(jìn)化而來的。Para4reachavarietyofseemaccordingto達(dá)爾文猜想這些雀鳥是由共同的祖先進(jìn)化而來的。很久以前，雀鳥的祖先來到這片群島，隨著時間的推移，慢慢進(jìn)化成許多新的種類。于是，關(guān)于動植物的新種類是如何產(chǎn)生的這個問題就有了答案：它們是從早期的祖先進(jìn)化而來的。Para5suspectovertimeevolveintocometoexist這是一個全新的觀點(diǎn)—進(jìn)化論。達(dá)爾文在他的《物種起源》一書中解釋了這一理論。這本書直到1859年才出版，出版后立即引起轟動。很多人拒絕相信包括人類在內(nèi)的所有生命都是從更低級的生命形式進(jìn)化而來的。他們對此感到震驚。然而達(dá)爾文的科學(xué)研究很有說服力，越來越多的人開始接受他的理論。Para6explainnot...untilcauseastormrefusetodoconvincingWhyweremanypeople“shocked”byDarwin’stheory?如今，《物種起源》被認(rèn)為是迄今為止最重要的著作之一。它徹底地改變了人類對于地球上生命的認(rèn)識。而這一切都開始于貝格爾號的探索之旅。Para7beregardedasbeginwithchangeOnhisjourneyDevelopideasGenerateideasProposeatheoryLookformoreevidencePublishhistheorySignupforthejourneySignupforthejourneyOnhisjourneyGenerateideasLookformoreevidenceDevelopideasProposeatheoryPublishhistheoryNumbertheprocessofhisjourneyinorderindependentlyangdthenshareanswerwithclass.FillintheblanksinExercise4onPage69.Whatdidhedointhethejourney?Numberthepuzzlepiecesinorder.Organiseinformationfromthepassageandcompletethem.Carefulreading12345Carefulreading123variouslivingthingsintheirnaturalenvironmentsandsamplesoftheplantsandanimalshehadcollectedverysimilartoeachothercometoexistMaybeanimalsevolvedastheyadaptedtotheirchangingenvironments?thattherewasadifferencebetweenthefinchesoneachoftheislandshadevolvedaccordingtowhatfoodwasavailableonthatparticularislandCarefulreading45slowlyevolvedintomanynewspecieshadevolvedfromacommonancestor,whichhadarrivedontheislandsalongtimebeforehadevolvedfromlowerformsoflifeWhywasCharlesDarwinadisgracetohimselfandallhisfamily?ThinkandshareWhatkindofpersonwasDarwinaccordingtothepassage?Darwinwasadetermined

manwithstrongcuriosity

and

interest

inscience.Passionateaboutstudyingnature,hewasgoodatobserving,reflectingandmakingdiscoveries.Hisremarkablescientificachievementsresultedfromhislovefornature,braveryandperseverance.Post-readingAccordingtothepassage,CharlesDarwincanbedescribed

asfollowingexcept_______.Howdoyouthinkthehumanspecieswillevolveinthefuture?Whathaveyoulearntaboutthespiritofscientificexploration?Howcanthisspirithelpyouinyourlifeandstudies?A.curiousanddeterminedB.braveanddiligentC.dedicatedandpersistentD.modestanduneducated√Howdoyouthinkthehumanspecieswillevolveinthefuture?Possiblefactors:FoodsupplyEnvironmentalpollutionClimatechangeMedicaltechnology...Whatisthespiritofscience?ScientificityPersistenceInspirationResearchIntelligenceToleranceSPIRITThecaptainoftheshipnamedtheBeaglewantedsomeonetoprofitby1.

(visit)distantcountries.Darwingottheopportunity.Darwin,ageologistandnaturalist,2.