2025屆江蘇省南通、泰州、鎮(zhèn)江等市高三上學(xué)期第一次調(diào)研測(cè)試英語(yǔ)試題【含答案解析】

2025屆高三第一次調(diào)研測(cè)試英語(yǔ)注意事項(xiàng)考生在答題前請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀本注意事項(xiàng)及各題答題要求1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)、考場(chǎng)號(hào)、座位號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，請(qǐng)用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】WhenwillthenexttraintoLiverpoolleave?A.At12:00. B.At12:15. C.At12:45.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Hi,IthinkI’vemissedtheelevenforty-fivetraintoLiverpool.WhatcanIdo?M:Yes,madam.Itleftfifteenminutesago,However,ifyouhangontoyourticket,youcanuseitonthenexttrainastheyrunhourly.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atauniversity. B.Atacinema. C.Atabar.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Ilovethismoviebecauseit’sfilmedinLondonandremindsmeofourtimeatuniversityM:Thissceneisinthebarwherewefirstmet.Whenwasthisfilmmade?W:Threeyearsago,fouryearsafterweleft.3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatwillthespeakersprobablydotoday?A.Buysomeclothes. B.Goonaboatride. C.Hangoutintown.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Iknowyouwantedtogoonthedolphinboatridetoday,butit’sreallywindywhichwillmakethewavesuncomfortable.M:Isupposewecouldwanderaroundthetowninstead.W:Actually,Iwasthinkingofgoingshoppinginthecity’sfashioncenter.M:Fine.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatwillhappentotheman?A.Hisorderwillbecanceled.B.Hewillgethismoneyback.C.Histelevisionwillbedeliveredtoday.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Hi,IboughtaTVlastweekandpaidextrafornext-daydelivery.However,itstillisn’thereyet.MaybeIshouldcanceltheorder.W:I’msosorry.It’llbearrivingthisafternoon.Iwillgivebackyourchargefornext-daydelivery.M:Okay,thanks.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?A.Gotoarepairstore. B.Restarthercomputer. C.Sendthemanadocument.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:I’mhavingtroubleopeningandsharingdocumentsonmycomputerM:Haveyoutriedrestartingit?Thatoftensolvesmycomputersoftwareissues.W:I’lltrythatoncemore.Ifthatdoesn’thelp,I’lltakeittoarepairshop.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】6.Whereisthewoman?A.Onabridge. B.InsideaTVstudio. C.Offthesideofahighway.7.Whenwilltheroadsmostlikelybesafeagain?A.Thisevening. B.Laterthismorning. C.Tomorrowafternoon.【答案】6.A7.C【解析】【原文】M:Morning,Helen!Lookslikequiteamessoutthere.How’sthetraffic?W:It’samess.I’mstandingonthebridge,overlookingRiversideHighway.Thesnowsweepershavebeenworkingtirelessly,buttheroadshavebeenunsafesinceyesterdayevening.IwishIwereinthestudiotherewithyou!M:We’llhavesomehotchocolatereadyforyouwhenyoureturn!Anyideawhentheroadswillbeclear?W:Thanks,Pete.Theforecastsaysthesesnowshowerswon’tstopuntiltomorrowmorning.Sowe’renotexpectingstreetstobesafeenoughtodriveuntilafewhourspastnoontomorrow.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】8.WhereisGinaprobablyfrom?A.England. B.America. C.France.9.WhyisGinavisitingTokyo?A.Tohaveaholiday. B.Tobuyanapartment. C.Toworkinabranchoffice.10.WhatistherelationshipbetweenGinaandSteve?A.Clientandprojectmanager.B.Colleagues.C.Friends.【答案】8.A9.C10.B【解析】【原文】W:Hi,Steve,IthoughtI’dreportfordutynowthatI’vesettledintomyapartment.M:Gina,hi!HowareyoufindingTokyo?W:It’sverydifferentfromwhatI’musedtobackhomeinLondon.It’salsoverydifferenttoNewYorkandParis,whereIwasbasedlastyear.M:Yes,havingworkedinourofficesworldwide,IhavetoagreethattheyareallverydifferentTheLondonandNewYorkofficesareabitoutofthecity,whereastheParisoneisrightbytheriver.ButTokyoisgreat!Thepeoplearesofriendly,andtheapartmentisrightinthecenterwithsomuchgoingon.It’slikebeingonholiday!W:Yes.andit’ssohighthatIcanseethewholecity.M:Fantastic!Anywaytomorrow,I’dlikeyoutomeetourheadofoperations,Jeff,who’llintroduceyoutoourclientsoverlunch.W:Perfect!聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】11.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Runningonthebeach. B.Ridingacrossariver. C.Watchingahorserace.12.WhatisNed'sattitudetotheriver?A.Heissickofit. B.Heisscaredofit. C.Heisfinewithit.13.Wherewillthespeakersgonext?A.Tothecoast. B.Intothewoods. C.Overabridge.【答案】11.B12.C13.B【解析】【原文】W:Howarewegoingtocrossthisriver?Ididn’tknowitwouldbethishigh.ItwasreallylowyesterdaymorningwhenIcamehereforarun.M:It’sacoastalriversoitsbanksriseandfallwiththewaterlevelchanges.Butdon’tworry,Coltcaneasilywalkthroughit―socanNed.W:I’mworriedNedwillgetsearedandthrowmeoffasI’veneverriddenhimthroughwaterbefore.M:Don’tworry,justbeconfidentandshowhimwho’sboss.I'llgofirstnowthatColtisusedtowater,asloftenridehimonthebeach.I’msureNedwillhappilyfollowhislead.Herewego.W:Okay,I’mfollowingyou...We’reinthewater!Ah!It’scomeuptomyanklesandit’sreallycold!M:It’sfine!We’renearlyattheothersidenowanyway...There!Thatwasn’tsobad,wasit?W:No,Nedactuallyenjoyedit!M:We’llcarryonthistrackandusethebridgeonourwayback.Comeon,I’llraceyoutothetrees!聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】14.WhatdidJinenjoymostwhenshevisitedhergrandparents?A.Climbingthetrees. B.Playingintherivers. C.Lyinginthegrass.15.WheredidtheairballoonsJinsawinchildhoodtakeoff?A.FromGloucestershire. B.FromSomerset. C.FromWorcestershire.16.HowdidJinfeelaboutherfirstairballoonride?A.Scared. B.Hesitant. C.Surprised.17.Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?A.HowJinbecameinterestedinairballooning.B.Howlovelythecountrysideis.CHowairballoonsfly.【答案】14.C15.B16.C17.A【解析】【原文】M:So,Jin,tellmeabouthowyougotintothesportofairballooning.W:Whenlwasakid,IusedtovisitmygrandparentseverysummerintheEnglishcountyofGloucestershire,whichisfullofgreenfieldsandgentlyrollinghills.Iusedtospendmytimeplayinginriversandwoods,butthethingthatgotmemostexcitedwaslyingdownandlookingatthesky.M:Whatdoyoumean?W:ForafewdayseveryAugust,theskywouldfillwithairballoonsofeverycolorandsize.Ispenthourslyinginthegrass,watchingthemslowlymovingpast.M:Whyweretheresomanyairballoons?W:IlaterfoundoutthattheywereallpartoftheBristolInternationalAirBalloonFiesta,whichisafour-dayfestivalheldeveryAugust,HundredsofairballoonsgatherinthenearbycountyofSomersetandtakeofftogether.Theyflyalloverneighboringcounties,includingWorcestershire,andGloucestershire.M:Whenwasyourfirstride?W:Iwasninewhenmydadsurprisedmewitharideinalargeredballoonatthefestival.I’donlyeverseenthemintheairbeforethen.Iwillalwaysrememberhowbrightthemorningsunwasandhowstilltheairwasaswesilentlyroseintothesky.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】18.Whendidthespeakerbecomeamemberofthetrackteam?A.In9th-grade. B.In10th-grade. C.In11th-grade.19.Whatdoesthespeakerthinkmakeshimaleader?A.Followingrolemodels. B.Believinginhimself. C.Beingmoremotivatedthanothers.20.Whatdoesthespeakermainlysuggestthestudentsdo?A.Makethemselvesinspired. B.Keepanopenmind. C.Guideothers.【答案】18.B19.A20.B【解析】【原文】M:Thankyou,students,teachers,andPrincipalMartinsforthekindintroductionyougavebeforewelcomingmetothisstage.It’sanhonortobebackhere,standingonthisverygroundwhereitallbegan.Iremembersittinginthisgymasa9th-gradehighschoolstudent,filledwithdreams.I’vealwaysbeenarunner,butitwasn’tuntil10thgradethatIjoinedthetrackteam.Andstill,ittookanotheryearafterthattorealizeIwantedtorunprofessionally.Butitwasn’tthesuccessthatIwaschasing,itwasthediscipline.Wakingupwithapurpose,ateamofrunnerswithme,andacoachwhowoulddoanythingtoseeusimproveiswhatmotivatedme.Atthatage,Ididn’treallybelieveinmyself.ButwhenIfoundgreatrolemodelswhoItrusted,Istartedtobecomealeadermyself.Yearslater,IbroughtthelessonsIlearnedrighthereatthisschooltotheOlympicVillage.NowIcansaythattheselessonshelpedmewinmymedals,inspiredmyteam,andcreatedthemanIamtoday.So,aboveallelse,Isaythistothisschool’sstudents:stayopen-mindedandappreciateeveryonewhoisguidingyou.Theselessonscanleadyoutogreatness!第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AWheretogotoseethenorthernlightsWhenitcomestoseeingthenorthernlights,therearemanyincredibledestinationsworldwide,includingNorway,Finland,Iceland,Russia,andtheUSA.Overour12yearsofoperation,we’vemetmanytravelerswhovisitedtheselocationswithhighhopesbutleftdisappointedafterfailingtoseetheauroras(極光).However,whentheyarriveinYellowknife,theyareoftenpleasantlysurprisedandamazedtowitnessthenorthernlightsontheirveryfirstnight!Ourprimelocation,directlybeneaththeAuroraOval,combinedwithourdevotedtouristguides,significantlyincreasesyourchancesofexperiencingthisbreathtakingphenomenon.That’swhyauroraseekersfromaroundtheworldcometoYellowknifetoenjoythedisplay!OurpassionLightsOverYellowknifeisasmallteamofindividualspassionateaboutputtingsmilesonpeople’sfaces,whichdrivesustooffertheseuniquetours.Weloveentertainingspecialrequestsinhopesofmakingyourdreamscometrue.Ifyou’reinterestedinsomethingnotlistedonoursiteorhaveanideathatcomplements(補(bǔ)足)whatweoffer,pleaseletusknow!We’reheretomakeithappenandensureyouradventureistrulyunforgettable!NorthernLightsTourPackageContents*1stNight$85/person*2ndNight$75/person*3rdNight+$65/person*AirportShuttleService*HotelAccommodations*NorthernLightsWatchingTourNightly(9pm-about1:30am)*UnlimitedProfessionalPhotoTakingService*VarietyofSnacksandWarmDrinks21.WhatmakesYellowknifeatopchoiceforauroraseekers?A.Cozyaccommodations. B.Amoreaccessiblelocation.C.Breathtakingwinterlandscapes. D.Ahigherchanceofviewingtheauroras.22.WhatfeaturesLightsOverYellowknife?A.Itencouragesstrongteamspirit. B.Itofferstailoredcustomerservice.C.Itengagesinrecreationalactivities. D.Itfuelstourists’passionfortheauroras.23.Howmuchshouldacouplepayforathree-nightauroratour?A.$195. B.$225. C.$390. D.$450.【答案】21.D22.B23.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了加拿大城市Yellowknife的極光旅游?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“However,whentheyarriveinYellowknife,theyareoftenpleasantlysurprisedandamazedtowitnessthenorthernlightsontheirveryfirstnight!Ourprimelocation,directlybeneaththeAuroraOval,combinedwithourdevotedtouristguides,significantlyincreasesyourchancesofexperiencingthisbreathtakingphenomenon.That’swhyauroraseekersfromaroundtheworldcometoYellowknifetoenjoythedisplay!(然而，當(dāng)他們到Y(jié)ellowknife時(shí)，他們通常會(huì)在第一個(gè)晚上看到北極光，感到驚喜和驚訝！我們的黃金位置，就在極光橢圓形的正下方，再加上我們忠誠(chéng)的導(dǎo)游，大大增加了您體驗(yàn)這一驚人現(xiàn)象的機(jī)會(huì)。這就是為什么來自世界各地的極光愛好者來到Y(jié)ellowknife觀賞極光的原因！)”可知，Yellowknife位于極光橢圓區(qū)正下方的絕佳位置，再加上熱情的導(dǎo)游，大大增加了游客看到北極光這一令人驚嘆現(xiàn)象的機(jī)會(huì)，這就是為什么Yellowknife成為極光探尋者的首選（Ahigherchanceofviewingtheauroras）。故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“LightsOverYellowknifeisasmallteamofindividualspassionateaboutputtingsmilesonpeople’sfaces,whichdrivesustooffertheseuniquetours.Weloveentertainingspecialrequestsinhopesofmakingyourdreamscometrue.Ifyou’reinterestedinsomethingnotlistedonoursiteorhaveanideathatcomplements(補(bǔ)足)whatweoffer,pleaseletusknow!We’reheretomakeithappenandensureyouradventureistrulyunforgettable!(LightsOverYellowknife是一個(gè)小團(tuán)隊(duì)，他們熱衷于讓人們臉上露出微笑，這促使我們提供這些獨(dú)特的旅行。我們喜歡接待特殊的要求，希望能使您的夢(mèng)想成真。如果你對(duì)我們網(wǎng)站上沒有列出的東西感興趣，或者有什么想法可以補(bǔ)充我們提供的東西，請(qǐng)告訴我們！我們?cè)谶@里讓它發(fā)生，并確保您的冒險(xiǎn)是真正難忘的！)”可知，LightsOverYellowknife團(tuán)隊(duì)熱衷于讓人們開心，喜歡滿足特殊要求，希望實(shí)現(xiàn)游客的夢(mèng)想，如果游客有網(wǎng)站上未列出的興趣或想法，他們會(huì)盡力實(shí)現(xiàn)，說明它提供定制化的客戶服務(wù)（Itofferstailoredcustomerservice）。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)NorthernLightsTourPackageContents中“*1stNight$85/person；*2ndNight$75/person；*3rdNight+$65/person”可知，一個(gè)人三晚的費(fèi)用是85+75+65=225美元，那么一對(duì)夫婦（兩個(gè)人）三晚的費(fèi)用是225×2=450美元。故選D項(xiàng)。BMorethanthreecenturiesaftershemadeanadventuroustransatlanticvoyagetostudybutterflies,ararecopyofthehand-colouredmasterworkbythegreatnaturalistandartistMariaMerianisreturningtoAmsterdam.MetamorphosisoftheSurinameisoneofthemostfascinating(有吸引力的)booksinnaturalhistory.Itincludedsome60richlycolouredplatesillustratingthedifferentstagesofdevelopmentthatshehadobservedinSuriname’sinsects.MetamorphosisoftheSurinameisaworkofartandscientificscholarship.Merianrecordedthelocalnamesofplantsandinsectsshestudied.IncontrasttootherEuropeannaturalists,shecreditedlocalpeoplewithhelpingherdiscoverthecolony’swildlife,althoughdidn’tnameindividuals.Bornin1647inFrankfurt,Germany,Merianlearnedtopaintinherartistfather’sworkshop,andbecamefascinatedbysilkworms,mothsandbutterflies.Atthattime,insectswerebelievedtospringforthmagicallyfrommud,wasteandplantmatterinaprocessknownas“spontaneousgeneration”.WhileMerianwasnotthefirsttoshowthetransformationfromeggtoadultinsect,herartistictalentshelpedtobringthismessagetoawideraudience.ThepioneeringworkofMerianwascelebratedforitsscientificaccuracyandforbringinganewstandardofprecisiontoscientificillustration.In1691,MerianmovedtoAmsterdamandopenedherownstudio.Sheworkedasanindependentartistandpreparedspecimensforagrowingmarketofcollectors.InAmsterdam,Merianhadaccesstosomeofthefinestnaturalhistorycollectionsintheworld.Assheassociatedwithfamousscholars,physiciansandbotanists,ideasforherownvoyageofdiscoverybegantotakeshape.At52,sheembarkedon(開始)aself-fundedvoyagetoSuriname,drivenbycuriosityaboutthelivesofinsects.Herimagewouldbedismissedasafantasy.Inthe18thcentury,peopleresponded:“that’swhatyougetwhenyousendawomantotropicalplaces.Sheprobablymadethatup”.Butscientistslaterconfirmedherfindings.ThespiderplatewasaverygoodexampleofhowMerianworked.Shewasareallygoodobserver.24.WhatdoweknowaboutMetamorphosisoftheSuriname?A.Itwonabookawardforart. B.Itlistedthenamesoflocalhelpers.C.ItrecordedMerian’stransatlanticvoyage. D.ItwasbasedonMerian’sownobservations.25.WhatwasthesignificanceofMerian’swork?A.Ithadextremelyhighartisticvalue. B.Itwasthefirstnaturalhistorybook.C.Itshapedourunderstandingofinsects. D.Itintroducedacreativeresearchtheory.26.WhatinspiredMerian’sideaofapersonaljourneytoSuriname?A.Herencounterwithnotedscientists. B.Herambitiontoexpandherbusiness.C.Herdreamtotravelaroundtheworld. D.Hercuriosityaboutthelivesofinsects.27.WhatcanbeinferredaboutnaturestudyinMerian’stime?A.Itlackedconvincingevidence. B.Itwasconductedintoughplaces.C.Itwasconsideredthedomainofmen. D.Itgreatlyimprovedwomen’ssocialstatus.【答案】24.D25.C26.A27.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了偉大的博物學(xué)家和藝術(shù)家瑪麗亞?梅里安（MariaMerian）進(jìn)行了一次充滿冒險(xiǎn)的跨大西洋之旅以研究蝴蝶，三個(gè)多世紀(jì)后，她的一本手繪彩色杰作的稀有副本正回歸阿姆斯特丹?！短K里南昆蟲變態(tài)圖譜》是自然歷史領(lǐng)域最具吸引力的書籍之一。文章同時(shí)講述了梅里安的生平以及她做出的貢獻(xiàn)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“MetamorphosisoftheSurinameisoneofthemostfascinating(有吸引力)booksinnaturalhistory.Itincludedsome60richlycolouredplatesillustratingthedifferentstagesofdevelopmentthatshehadobservedinSuriname’sinsects.(《蘇里南昆蟲變態(tài)圖譜》是自然史上最引人入勝的書籍之一。它包括大約60個(gè)色彩豐富的盤子，說明了她在蘇里南觀察到的昆蟲的不同發(fā)展階段。)”可知，《蘇里南昆蟲變態(tài)圖譜》是基于梅里安自己的觀察（ItwasbasedonMerian’sownobservations），書中有大約60幅色彩豐富的插圖，描繪了她在蘇里南觀察到的昆蟲的不同發(fā)育階段。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Atthattime,insectswerebelievedtospringforthmagicallyfrommud,wasteandplantmatterinaprocessknownas“spontaneousgeneration”.WhileMerianwasnotthefirsttoshowthetransformationfromeggtoadultinsect,herartistictalentshelpedtobringthismessagetoawideraudience.ThepioneeringworkofMerianwascelebratedforitsscientificaccuracyandforbringinganewstandardofprecisiontoscientificillustration.(當(dāng)時(shí)，人們相信昆蟲會(huì)神奇地從泥土、廢物和植物物質(zhì)中冒出來，這一過程被稱為“自然發(fā)生”。雖然梅里安不是第一個(gè)展示從卵到成蟲轉(zhuǎn)變的人，但她的藝術(shù)才華有助于將這一信息帶給更廣泛的觀眾。梅里安的開創(chuàng)性工作因其科學(xué)準(zhǔn)確性而聞名，并為科學(xué)插圖帶來了新的精確標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。)”可知，當(dāng)時(shí)人們認(rèn)為昆蟲是通過“自然發(fā)生”從泥土、廢物和植物物質(zhì)中神奇地產(chǎn)生的，而梅里安的開創(chuàng)性工作以其科學(xué)準(zhǔn)確性和為科學(xué)插圖帶來新的精確標(biāo)準(zhǔn)而受到贊譽(yù)，她的藝術(shù)才能讓更多人了解到昆蟲從卵到成蟲的轉(zhuǎn)變，說明她的作品塑造了我們對(duì)昆蟲的理解（Itshapedourunderstandingofinsects），故選C項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“InAmsterdam,Merianhadaccesstosomeofthefinestnaturalhistorycollectionsintheworld.Assheassociatedwithfamousscholars,physiciansandbotanists,ideasforherownvoyageofdiscoverybegantotakeshape.At52,sheembarkedon(開始)aself-fundedvoyagetoSuriname,drivenbycuriosityaboutthelivesofinsects.(在阿姆斯特丹，梅里安可以接觸到一些世界上最好的自然歷史收藏品。當(dāng)她與著名學(xué)者、醫(yī)生和植物學(xué)家交往時(shí)，她自己的發(fā)現(xiàn)之旅的想法開始成形。52歲時(shí)，出于對(duì)昆蟲生活的好奇，她自費(fèi)前往蘇里南。)”可知，在阿姆斯特丹，梅里安接觸到了世界上一些最好的自然歷史收藏，當(dāng)她與著名學(xué)者、醫(yī)生和植物學(xué)家交往時(shí)，她自己的探索之旅的想法開始成形，所以是她與著名科學(xué)家的接觸（Herencounterwithnotedscientists）激發(fā)了她去蘇里南的想法。故選A項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Herimagewouldbedismissedasafantasy.Inthe18thcentury,peopleresponded:“that’swhatyougetwhenyousendawomantotropicalplaces.Sheprobablymadethatup”.(她的形象會(huì)被認(rèn)為是一種幻想。在18世紀(jì)，人們回答說：“這就是你把一個(gè)女人送到熱帶地區(qū)所得到的?！边@可能是她編造的?！?”可知，在18世紀(jì)，人們認(rèn)為派一個(gè)女人去熱帶地區(qū)得到的結(jié)果可能是編造的，這暗示在梅里安那個(gè)時(shí)代，自然研究被認(rèn)為是男性的領(lǐng)域（Itwasconsideredthedomainofmen）。故選C項(xiàng)。CToday’sdigitalmediadeliverrapidmessages—suchasphonenotificationsandtextoverlaysonvideos—toourbrainsatanimpressivespeed,farfasterthanspokenwordsreachus.Butcanweprocessthesetextsasquicklyaswecandeterminethemakeupofthevisualsthatarealsoapartofourscreenlife?Thescientistsbegantheirresearchbyconsideringcurrentscientificexplanationsofhowweunderstandlanguage,whichcenteronword-by-wordsentenceprocessingmodels.Theyconcludedthesedon’teffectivelyaccountforhowquicklyourbrainscanprocessentiresentencesseenataglance,asopposedtowordbywordlikeinspeech.Thescientistsusedatechniquecalledmagnetoencephalography,whichusesmagnetic(磁的)fieldstotrackelectricalactivityinthebrain.Whilebeingscanned,volunteerswerepresentedwithathree-wordsentencestructurethatflashedontoascreenfor300milliseconds,followedbyasecondsetofwordsthatwaseitheridenticalordifferedbyoneword.Theparticipantswereaskedtoassesswhetherthesecondsentencewasthesameasthefirstorhadbeenchanged.Thescansrevealedthatthelefttemporalcortexofthebrain,whichisanimportantpartofthebrain’sabilitytounderstandlanguage,showedhigherlevelsofactivityforthree-wordsentencesthanrandomwordlists.Theactivityappearedinjust125milliseconds.Thefastestbrainactivitywasobservedwhenphraseslike“nursescleanwounds”werepresented,incomparisontonounlistssuchas“heartslungslivers”.Asimilarrapidresponsewasnotedwhensentenceswithasubject,verbandobjectwerealteredsothattheycontainedanagreementerror—forexample“nursescleanswounds”—orbecameimplausible(難以置信的),forexample“woundscleannurses”.Buttheeffectdisappearedwhenthesentencesweregivenlesstypicalstructures,forexample“woundsnursesclean”or“woundscleansnurses”.WhiletheauthorsnotetheyfocusedonEnglish,addingthatrapidat-a-glancecomprehensionmayrelyonotherfeaturesindifferentlanguages,theysaythestudyoffersnewinsights.“Theearlieststageofat-a-glancecomprehensionappearstobemorestructurethanmeaningdriven,”theywrite.28.Whatdidthenewresearchfocuson?A.Theimpactofconstantfloodofshortmessages.B.Humanbrain’scomprehensionofscreenvisuals.C.Theessenceofword-by-wordsentenceprocessing.D.Humanbrain’sat-a-glancesentencecomprehension.29.Whattaskdidresearcherssetforvolunteersoftheexperiment?A.Indicatingwhetherthesentencesmatch.B.Correctingmistakesintheflashedsentences.C.Interpretingthemeaningsofunstructuredsentences.D.Combiningunrelatedwordstoformmeaningfulsentences.30.Whichofthefollowingwasassociatedwiththequickestbrainresponse?A.Listsofnouns. B.Three-wordsentences.C.Unstructuredwords. D.Lesstypicalstructures.31.Whatdoesthelastparagraphtalkaboutconcerningtheresearch?A.Itsimplication. B.Itspracticalapplication.C.Expectationsforfollow-upstudies. D.Scientistswithnewperspectives.【答案】28.D29.A30.B31.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于人類大腦對(duì)句子的一瞥理解，介紹了研究開展的經(jīng)過以及研究的影響?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thescientistsbegantheirresearchbyconsideringcurrentscientificexplanationsofhowweunderstandlanguage,whichcenteronword-by-wordsentenceprocessingmodels.Theyconcludedthesedon’teffectivelyaccountforhowquicklyourbrainscanprocessentiresentencesseenataglance,asopposedtowordbywordlikeinspeech.(科學(xué)家們首先考慮了目前關(guān)于我們?nèi)绾卫斫庹Z(yǔ)言的科學(xué)解釋，這些解釋以逐字的句子處理模型為中心。他們得出的結(jié)論是，這些并不能有效地解釋我們的大腦能多快地處理一眼看到的整個(gè)句子，而不是像講話那樣一個(gè)詞一個(gè)詞地處理)”可知，這項(xiàng)新研究的重點(diǎn)是人類大腦對(duì)句子的一瞥理解。故選D。【29題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Theparticipantswereaskedtoassesswhetherthesecondsentencewasthesameasthefirstorhadbeenchanged.(參與者被要求評(píng)估第二句話是否與第一句相同，還是被改變了)”可知，研究人員安排實(shí)驗(yàn)志愿者指出句子是否匹配。故選A?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Thescansrevealedthatthelefttemporalcortexofthebrain,whichisanimportantpartofthebrain’sabilitytounderstandlanguage,showedhigherlevelsofactivityforthree-wordsentencesthanrandomwordlists.Theactivityappearedinjust125milliseconds.Thefastestbrainactivitywasobservedwhenphraseslike“nursescleanwounds”werepresented,incomparisontonounlistssuchas“heartslungslivers”.(掃描顯示，大腦的左顳葉皮層是大腦理解語(yǔ)言能力的重要組成部分，在三個(gè)單詞的句子中比隨機(jī)單詞列表顯示出更高的活動(dòng)水平。這種活動(dòng)僅在125毫秒內(nèi)出現(xiàn)。與“心臟、肺、肝臟”等名詞列表相比，當(dāng)出現(xiàn)“護(hù)士清理傷口”等短語(yǔ)時(shí)，大腦活動(dòng)最快)”可知，與最快的大腦反應(yīng)有關(guān)是三個(gè)單詞的句子。故選B?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“WhiletheauthorsnotetheyfocusedonEnglish,addingthatrapidat-a-glancecomprehensionmayrelyonotherfeaturesindifferentlanguages,theysaythestudyoffersnewinsights.“Theearlieststageofat-a-glancecomprehensionappearstobemorestructurethanmeaningdriven,”theywrite.(雖然作者指出，他們的研究重點(diǎn)是英語(yǔ)，并補(bǔ)充說，快速的一瞥理解可能依賴于不同語(yǔ)言的其他特征，但他們表示，這項(xiàng)研究提供了新的見解。他們寫道：“一瞥理解的最早階段似乎更多的是結(jié)構(gòu)而不是意義驅(qū)動(dòng)?！?”可知，這項(xiàng)研究提供了新的見解，最后一段講了研究可能的影響。故選A。DInMortenTyldum’smoviePassengers,charactersJimPrestonandAuroraLaneareona120-yearinterstellarjourneywith5,000otherpeople.Theirdestination:HomesteadⅡ,anewworldtostarttheirlivesanew.Tosurvivethetravel,passengersenteredhibernation(冬眠),eachonefrozenintheirownpod.However,somethinggoeswrongandJimandAurorawakeup90yearstooearly.ButwhatifwetoldyouthathibernationforspacetravelismorelikelytohappenthantheromanticstorybetweenJimandAurora?Hibernationisastateinwhichlivingorganismsslowdowntheirmetabolic(新陳代謝的)processeswhilemaintainingessentialfunctions.Onceinsidethesepods,astronautswillgetdrugstoadjustmetabolism,reducecoretemperature,andcauseinactivity.OncebackonEarth,theywillwakeupandgraduallyreadopttheirnormalfunctionalmetabolism.ForgoingtoMars,astronautswouldrequireabout30kgoffood,water,air,andothersuppliesperday.Thus,hibernationcansignificantlycutdownontheiressentialneeds.Additionally,hibernatingastronautswouldn’tgetbored,stressed,orlonely,andlesstimeandspacewouldbeneededtohelpkeepthemfitorentertained.Butthisismerelythetheory.Spaceagenciesareinvestigatingwhetherreducingbodytemperatureandlaterinducing(導(dǎo)致)metabolismisamorepracticaloption,while,mostresearchprojectsarecurrentlyfocusingonanimals.Thequestionis:howcanweevokehibernationinspeciesthatarenotnormallydoingthat?Andthisiswhytheresearchonrats,notnaturallyhibernatinganimals,isinteresting.Researchonbearsisalsoimportantsincetheirbodysizeismorerelatabletoours.TheconceptisnotbeingconsideredfortheforthcomingMarsmission,butforlongermissionstofartherdestinationssuchastheouterplanets,itcouldbeaveryusefultechnology.Hibernationforhumansisanethicallycontroversialconcept,andcriticsmayconsideritasamadscientist’sdream.However,withoutsuchdreamers,humanitywouldstillbeintheMiddleAges.32.WhydoestheauthormentionthemoviePassengers?A.Toadvertiseapopularsci-fispacemovie.B.Tointroduceanewapproachtolongspaceflights.C.Toexplorethepossibilityofsettlinganotherplanet.D.Torevealthepotentialdangersoflongspacetravels.33.Whathappenstohibernatingastronauts?A.Theirfunctionalmetabolismisdisturbed.B.Theyneedmoretimeandspaceforentertainment.C.Theylosethebalancebetweenbasicneedsandsupplies.D.Theirphysicalandmentalneedsarereducedtoaminimum.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“evoke”inparagraph4mean?A.Initiate. B.Justify. C.Define. D.Prioritize.35.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhibernationforhumans?A.Itmaybeariskystrategy. B.Itisadreamhardtorealize.C.Itcanadvancesocialprogress. D.Itchallengestraditionalmoralvalues.【答案】32.B33.D34.A35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了太空旅行中冬眠的理論及其研究進(jìn)展?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“However,somethinggoeswrongandJimandAurorawakeup90yearstooearly.ButwhatifwetoldyouthathibernationforspacetravelismorelikelytohappenthantheromanticstorybetweenJimandAurora?(然而，事情出了問題，吉姆和奧羅拉提前90年醒來。但如果我們告訴你，太空旅行的冬眠比吉姆和奧羅拉之間的浪漫故事更有可能發(fā)生呢？)”可推知，作者提到電影《太空旅客》是為了引出下文關(guān)于太空旅行中冬眠這一話題，介紹一種長(zhǎng)途太空飛行的新方法（Tointroduceanewapproachtolongspaceflights）。故選B項(xiàng)。【33題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“ForgoingtoMars,astronautswouldrequireabout30kgoffood,water,air,andothersuppliesperday.Thus,hibernationcansignificantlycutdownontheiressentialneeds.Additionally,hibernatingastronautswouldn’tgetbored,stressed,orlonely,andlesstimeandspacewouldbeneededtohelpkeepthemfitorentertained.(為了去火星，宇航員每天需要大約30公斤的食物、水、空氣和其他補(bǔ)給。因此，冬眠可以大大減少它們的基本需求。此外，冬眠的宇航員不會(huì)感到無(wú)聊、壓力或孤獨(dú)，而且需要更少的時(shí)間和空間來幫助他們保持健康或娛樂。)”可知，冬眠的宇航員基本需求會(huì)顯著減少，也不會(huì)感到無(wú)聊、有壓力或孤獨(dú)，用于保持健康和娛樂的時(shí)間和空間也更少，說明他們的身體和心理需求都被降到了最低（Theirphysicalandmentalneedsarereducedtoaminimum）。故選D項(xiàng)。【34題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段中“Andthisiswhytheresearchonrat