安徽省十校聯(lián)盟2022-2023學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期開年考英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1安徽省十校聯(lián)盟2022-2023學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期開年考英語(yǔ)試題第一部分聽力(略)第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ASomanystories,solittletime.Ourfavoritebookclubsforkidswillensurethatyourkidisreadingthecoolestpicksonthebestsellerlistandbeyond!BookCultureThiscommunitybookstoregoesaboveandbeyondtomakeitselfadestinationforreadingandplayingalike.Inadditiontoitsinvitingchildren’sroom,packedwithpuzzles,artsupplies,clothingandtoys,thestoreattractskidswithitsweekendstorytellingsessions(一段時(shí)間),oftenfeaturingguestappearancesbyauthorspopularwithkids.ThaliaKidsBookClubKidsstayinclosetouchwithbest-sellingauthorsandparticipateinwritingworkshopsandliterarycampsaroundthecity.Inthepast,campershavemetwithbignameslikeNortonJuster(ThePhantomTollboth)andRebeccaStead(WhenYouReachMe).CamprunsJuly14—Aug8,Mon—Fri,9am—4pm.One-weeksession$675.Ages9to13.Dimenna’sChildren’sHistoryMuseumThisnew18,000square-footspaceisperfectforthosewhocan’tresistgoodbooks,includingnewreleases,smallpresscollections,translatedworksandmore.Butthebookshopisnotjustaplacetomakepurchases.The160-seatauditorium,readingroomandclassroomspacewillwelcomebookloversforawidevarietyofevents.Allages.TheCenterforFictionInanefforttoaddapersonaltouchtoreading,this18,000square-footspaceoffersitsowntakeonabookclubforschoolsinthearea—completelyfreeofcharge.Readersareinvitedtomeettheauthorsthey’vebeenreadinginclass,askquestionsandlearnaboutthestoriesinawelcomingenvironment.1.Whichisthebestchoiceforakidenjoyinglisteningtostories?A.BookCulture.B.ThaliaKidsBookClub.C.Dimenna’sChildren’sHistoryMuseum.D.TheCenterforFiction.2.WhatcanweinferaboutNortonJusterandRebeccaSteadfromthetext?A.Theyarefondofgoingcamping.B.Theyarelikelytobefamousauthors.C.TheyarefoundersofThaliaKidsBookClub.D.TheyareregularvisitorstoThaliaKidsBookClub.3.WhatmakesTheCenterforFictionespeciallyappealingtobooklovers?A.Itcombinesreadingandplaying.B.Itoffersfreebookstobooklovers.C.Ithasalargenumberofbooks.D.Itenableskidstocommunicatewiththeirfamiliarauthors.【答案】1.A2.B3.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文，給喜歡讀書的孩子們介紹了幾家圖書俱樂部?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)BookCulture“書籍文化”部分第二句“Inadditiontoitsinvitingchildren’sroom,packedwithpuzzles,artsupplies,clothingandtoys,thestoreattractskidswithitsweekendstorytellingsessions(一段時(shí)間),oftenfeaturingguestappearancesbyauthorspopularwithkids.(除了充滿益智游戲、藝術(shù)用品、服裝和玩具的兒童房，該店還舉辦了周末講故事活動(dòng)，經(jīng)常邀請(qǐng)受孩子歡迎的作家客串，吸引孩子們。)”可知，這家書店邀請(qǐng)作家講故事，因此喜歡聽故事的孩子可以選擇此地。故選A項(xiàng)。【2題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)ThaliaKidsBookClub“Thalia孩子圖書俱樂部”部分一二句“Kidsstayinclosetouchwithbest-sellingauthorsandparticipateinwritingworkshopsandliterarycampsaroundthecity.Inthepast,campershavemetwithbignameslikeNortonJuster(ThePhantomTollboth)andRebeccaStead(WhenYouReachMe).(孩子們與暢銷書作家保持密切聯(lián)系，并參加城市各地的寫作研討會(huì)和文學(xué)營(yíng)。在過去，露營(yíng)者曾遇到過諾頓·賈斯特（NortonJuster）（《幽靈托爾伯特》）和麗貝卡·斯蒂德（RebeccaStead）（《當(dāng)你接近我》）這樣的大人物。)”可知，這兩個(gè)人都是著名作家。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)TheCenterforFiction“小說中心”部分最后一句“Readersareinvitedtomeettheauthorsthey’vebeenreadinginclass,askquestionsandlearnaboutthestoriesinawelcomingenvironment.(讀者被邀請(qǐng)?jiān)谡n堂上與他們閱讀過的作者見面，提問，并在歡迎的環(huán)境中了解故事。)”可知，在這里讀者能夠和作者交流溝通。故選D項(xiàng)。BAndreaMartínez,a21-year-oldlawstudentattheNationalAutonomousUniversityofMéxico,hasbeenadmittedasthecountry’sfirstfemalecollegefootball(橄欖球)player.WhenMartíneztriedoutfortheteam,sheassumedtheschoolhadawomen’steamwhereshemightbeplaced,butwastoldshewouldbeplayingalongsidethemen.Martínezgotherstartasasoccerplayerbeforetryingoutfortheuniversity’sfootballteamaftertheypostedanopencallforkickers.Martínezwasn’touttoplayfootballspecifically,butsawthatshecouldapplyhertalentsasasoccerplayertoanewgame.“ThedecisionImadewastotryanewsport.Nothingelse,”shesaid.“IwasveryhappywhenIheardthenewsthatIhadbeenthegirlselected.”Martínezisnottheonlysoccerplayerturningtofootball,especiallyasitbecomesmorepopularthroughoutthecountry.Itisestimatedthatthereareabout48millionfootballfansinMexicoandthenumbersaregrowing.Martínezisalsonotthefirstfemalecollegefootballkicker,althoughsheisthefirstoneinMexico.In1997,LizHeastonbecamethefirstwomanintheUStoplaythatpositiononacollegeteam.However,AshleyMartinwasthefirstwomantoscoreapointasakickerin2001.ItwasneverMartínez’sintentiontobecomefamous,butthat’sexactlywhathashappened.Sofar,Martínezhasdonemorethan80interviewsandhasseenherselfonthecoverofeverymajornewspaperinthecountryandevenonnationaltelevision,ararity(罕見的事)foranycollegefootballplayer.“Therearelittlegirlsandboyswhocomeandaskmeforaphotoorcomeupandsayverynicewordstome,”shesaid.“It’sthemostsatisfyingthingI’veeverfelt,realizingthatperhapsI’minspiringthemalittle.”4.WhatdoweknowaboutAndreaMartínezfromthetext?A.Shehasscoredapointasakicker.B.Shealwaysplayswithmenplayers.C.Shestartedbyplayingfootball.D.SheisafootballkickerinMexico.5.WhatwasAndreaMartínez’sexpectationwhentryingoutforthefootballteam?A.Toplayalongsidethemen.B.Tojointhewomen’sfootballteam.C.Towinthechampionship.D.Tobereportedinmajornewspapers.6.WhydidAndreaMartínezdecidetoturntofootball?A.Shewasboredwithplayingsoccer.B.She’dliketotryadifferentsport.C.Shehopedtoproveherselfasakicker.D.Shepreferredfootballtosoccer.7.WhatwasitthatmadeAndreaMartínezverysatisfied?A.SheisfamousalloverMexico.B.Sheisadmiredbyothers.C.Shehasagoodinfluenceonothers.D.Sheencouragesgirlstoplayfootball.【答案】4.D5.B6.B7.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了墨西哥第一位女大學(xué)生橄欖球運(yùn)動(dòng)員——21歲的AndreaMartínez的事跡?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Martínezisalsonotthefirstfemalecollegefootballkicker,althoughsheisthefirstoneinMexico.(Martínez并不是第一個(gè)女大學(xué)生橄欖球運(yùn)動(dòng)員，盡管她是墨西哥的第一個(gè)。)”可知，AndreaMartínez是墨西哥的橄欖球運(yùn)動(dòng)員。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“WhenMartíneztriedoutfortheteam,sheassumedtheschoolhadawomen’steamwhereshemightbeplaced,butwastoldshewouldbeplayingalongsidethemen.(當(dāng)Martínez參加球隊(duì)選拔時(shí)，她以為學(xué)校有一個(gè)女子球隊(duì)，她可能會(huì)被安排在那里，但她被告知她將和男子一起比賽。)”可知，AndreaMartínez在為球隊(duì)選拔時(shí)的期望是加入女子球隊(duì)。故選B項(xiàng)。【6題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)二段中“ThedecisionImadewastotryanewsport.(我做的決定是嘗試一項(xiàng)新的運(yùn)動(dòng)。)”可知，因?yàn)锳ndreaMartínez想嘗試一種不同的運(yùn)動(dòng)，所以她決定由足球轉(zhuǎn)向橄欖球。故選B項(xiàng)。【7題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“It’sthemostsatisfyingthingI’veeverfelt,realizingthatperhapsI’minspiringthemalittle.(這是我感受到的最滿意的事情，意識(shí)到我可能會(huì)對(duì)他們有所激勵(lì)。)”可知，使AndreaMartínez非常滿意的是對(duì)別人有很好的影響。故選C項(xiàng)。CTheOkapiWildlifeReserve,locatedintheDemocraticRepublicoftheCongo,isaUNESCOWorldHeritageSiteandhometoone-sixthoftheremainingwildokapiintheworld.Itprotectsmanyotherwildlifespeciesaswellasone-fifthoftheIturiforest.Butdespiteitsstatus,thereserveisunderthreatfromhumanactivities.Mining,deforestation(森林破壞),andillegalhuntingareallthreateningthereserve,andcriminalshavemurderedseveralpeople,includingforestguards,since2012.Forestlossisexpandingrapidly.In2020,themostdeforestationintheOkapiWildlifeReservesincerecordsbeganin2002wasrecordedviasatellitedata.Since2002,theareahaslostabout7%ofitstotalforestcover.Mostrecently,satellitedatashowsdeforestationalongtheIturiRiverinlate2021,likelyfromillegalgoldmining.“Minersareactuallyeatingthereserveoutofitswildlifebyhuntinganimalsforfood.Thereisalmostnowildlifeleftaroundthemineitself,andwildlifenumbersaregreatlyreducedaroundminingtowns,”saidJohnLukas,co-founderoftheOkapiConservationProject.Protectingthereserveisimportantfortheendangeredokapiandotherwildlifethatcalltheregionhome,butpreservingthearea’sforestsisofparticularsignificanceindealingwithclimatechange.“TheforestsofCongo,morethanforestsintheAmazonandinAsia,storecarbonevenintimesofdroughtandrisingtemperatures,”explainedLukas.“Preservingtheforestsnotonlyprovideshabitatsforokapi,elephantsandchimpanzeesbutgiveshumanstimetoadjustoursourceofenergytobemoresustainableandcarbonneutral(碳中和).HopefullytheWesternworldwillfinanciallysupportthecountriesoftheCongobasintovaluetheirforestsassourcesoflifeandnotjustakindofgoodstobesold.”8.WhathappenedtotheforestsintheOkapiWildlifeReserve?A.Forestguardshunting.B.Miningviasatellites.C.About7%forestlossin21years.D.One-fifthofwildanimalsleaving.9.Whyhassomuchwildlifedisappearedaroundthemines?A.Becauseofbeingkilledforfood.B.Becauseofthehightemperature.C.Becauseofnohabitat.D.Becauseofthedeadlydiseases.10.Whyisitparticularlyimportanttoprotecttheforestsinthereserve?A.Goldminesareintheforests.B.Theforestsaffectclimate.C.Theforestsarehometowildspecies.D.Agoodlifecanbeledbysellingtrees.11.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthetext?A.CurrentsituationoftheOkapiWildlifeReserveB.GoldminesfoundintheOkapiWildlifeReserveC.ProtectingthewildlifeintheOkapiWildlifeReserveD.EndangeredOkapireservethreatenedbyhumanactivities【答案】8.C9.A10.B11.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。剛果民主共和國(guó)的霍加狓野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)區(qū)是霍加狓和眾多野生動(dòng)物的避難所，但近年來，這些野生動(dòng)物正受到采礦、偷獵、砍伐森林等人類活動(dòng)的威脅?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Since2002,theareahaslostabout7%ofitstotalforestcover.Mostrecently,satellitedatashowsdeforestationalongtheIturiRiverinlate2021,likelyfromillegalgoldmining.(自2002年以來，該地區(qū)的森林覆蓋面積已經(jīng)減少了約7%。)”可知，自2002年以來，即21年中，該地區(qū)的森林覆蓋面積減少了約7%。故選C項(xiàng)。【9題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“‘Minersareactuallyeatingthereserveoutofitswildlifebyhuntinganimalsforfood.Thereisalmostnowildlifeleftaroundthemineitself,andwildlifenumbersaregreatlyreducedaroundminingtowns,’saidJohnLukas,co-founderoftheOkapiConservationProject.(‘礦工們通過獵殺動(dòng)物來獲取食物，實(shí)際上是在消耗保護(hù)區(qū)的野生動(dòng)物。礦井周圍幾乎沒有野生動(dòng)物，采礦城鎮(zhèn)周圍的野生動(dòng)物數(shù)量大大減少，’霍加狓保護(hù)項(xiàng)目的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人約翰·盧卡斯說。)”可推知，造成金礦周圍野生動(dòng)物滅絕的原因是礦工們獵捕它們當(dāng)做食物。故選A項(xiàng)。【10題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Protectingthereserveisimportantfortheendangeredokapiandotherwildlifethatcalltheregionhome,butpreservingthearea’sforestsisofparticularsignificanceindealingwithclimatechange.(保護(hù)保護(hù)區(qū)對(duì)瀕臨滅絕的霍加狓和其他以該地區(qū)為家的野生動(dòng)物很重要，但保護(hù)該地區(qū)的森林對(duì)應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化尤為重要。)”可推知，森林保護(hù)對(duì)改善氣候有利，故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其文章首段“TheOkapiWildlifeReserve,locatedintheDemocraticRepublicoftheCongo,isaUNESCOWorldHeritageSiteandhometoone-sixthoftheremainingwildokapiintheworld.Itprotectsmanyotherwildlifespeciesaswellasone-fifthoftheIturiforest.Butdespiteitsstatus,thereserveisunderthreatfromhumanactivities.(位于剛果民主共和國(guó)的霍加皮野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)區(qū)是聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織的世界遺產(chǎn)，世界上僅存的野生霍加皮有六分之一生活在這里。它保護(hù)著許多其他野生物種以及五分之一的伊圖里森林。但盡管它的地位，保護(hù)區(qū)正受到人類活動(dòng)的威脅)”點(diǎn)明主題，全文都是圍繞“霍加狓保護(hù)區(qū)受到人類活動(dòng)的威脅”這個(gè)主題展開，D項(xiàng)“EndangeredOkapireservethreatenedbyhumanactivities(瀕危的霍加狓保護(hù)區(qū)受到人類活動(dòng)的威脅)”最符合作本文標(biāo)題。故選D項(xiàng)。DLifeexpectancy(壽命)inAfricarosebynearly10yearsinthefirsttwodecadesofthiscentury,accordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization.“Thisriseisgreaterthaninanyotherregionoftheworldduringthesameperiod,”theWHOsaid.Intheyear2019,theaverageAfricancouldexpecttolivetobe56.However,thatisstillwellbelowtheglobalaverageof64years.WHOofficialLindiweMakubalowarnedthelifeexpectancygainscouldeasilybelostunlesscountriesstrengthenandmakegreaterinvestmentsinthedevelopmentofhealthcaresystems.MakubalosaidAfricahasmadeagoodstartoverthepasttwodecades.Onaverage,shesaid,accesstoessentialserviceslikebasichealthcareimprovedto46%in2019comparedwith24%in2000.“Otherfactorsincludeimprovementsinreproductive,newbornandchildhealthcare,aswellasadvancesinfightinginfectious(傳染的)diseases,suchasTB,malariaandHIV.”Whileprogresshasbeenmadeinpreventingandtreatinginfectiousdiseases,thereportfoundhealthservicesfornon-infectiousdiseasesarelagging.Itsaysthegreatriseindiabetes,cancerandothernon-infectiousdiseasescouldjeopardize(危害)healthgainsifthoseconditionscontinuetobeignored.ThereportsaystheCOVID-19outbreakhasbroughtaboutgreaterdamagestoessentialhealthservicesinAfricacomparedtootherregionsoftheworld,whichmightaffecthealthylifeexpectancy.“Itisimportantthatsignificantimprovementsaremadeinhealthservices,andgovernmentsensurequality,equalandaccessibleservicesforall,”Makubalosaid.Accordingtothereport,someprogresshasbeenmadeinachievinguniversalhealthcoverage,butitisfarfromenough.Healthofficialssayoneofthekeymeasurestoimproveaccesstohealthservicesisforgovernmentstoincreasetheirpublichealthbudgets.That,theysay,wouldreducethehugeout-of-pocketexpensesbyfamiliesthatarepushingmillionsofpeopleintopoverty.12.WhatwastheaveragelifeexpectancyofpeopleinAfricain2000?A.46. B.54. C.56. D.64.13.WhichcontributedtoAfricans’lifeexpectancyriseaccordingtothetext?A.Plentyoffoodsupplies.B.Improvementinbasichealthservices.C.Easieraccesstocleandrinkingwater.D.Progressinfightingagainstnon-infectiousdiseases.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“l(fā)agging”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Unique. B.Independent. C.Informal. D.Underdeveloped.15.What’sWHO’sattitudetowardsAfrica’spresentsituation?A.Positive. B.Uncertain. C.Concerned. D.Pessimistic.【答案】12.A13.B14.D15.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。世界衛(wèi)生組織的一項(xiàng)評(píng)估報(bào)告顯示，2000年至2019年間，非洲區(qū)域的人均預(yù)期壽命平均提高了近10歲，這一增幅高于同期世界任何其他地區(qū)。報(bào)告同時(shí)提醒，新冠疫情的破壞性影響以及非傳染性疾病衛(wèi)生服務(wù)的滯后可能會(huì)威脅到這些巨大的進(jìn)步?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Lifeexpectancy(壽命)inAfricarosebynearly10yearsinthefirsttwodecadesofthiscentury,accordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization.(根據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織的數(shù)據(jù)，本世紀(jì)頭20年，非洲人的預(yù)期壽命提高了近10歲。)”和第二段第一句“Intheyear2019,theaverageAfricancouldexpecttolivetobe56.(2019年，非洲人的平均預(yù)期壽命為56歲。)”可知，2000年非洲人的平均壽命為46歲。故選A?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“MakubalosaidAfricahasmadeagoodstartoverthepasttwodecades.Onaverage,shesaid,accesstoessentialserviceslikebasichealthcareimprovedto46%in2019comparedwith24%in2000.‘Otherfactorsincludeimprovementsinreproductive,newbornandchildhealthcare,aswellasadvancesinfightinginfectious(傳染的)diseases,suchasTB,malariaandHIV.’(Makubalo說，非洲在過去20年有了一個(gè)良好的開端。她說，平均而言，獲得基本醫(yī)療保健等基本服務(wù)的人數(shù)從2000年的24%提高到2019年的46%?！渌蛩匕ㄉ?、新生兒和兒童保健的改善，以及在防治結(jié)核病、瘧疾和艾滋病毒等傳染病方面的進(jìn)展?！?”可知，基本醫(yī)療保健方面的改善使非洲人均壽命得到了提高。故選B?！?4題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段中劃線詞所在句“Whileprogresshasbeenmadeinpreventingandtreatinginfectiousdiseases,thereportfoundhealthservicesfornon-infectiousdiseasesarelagging.(雖然在預(yù)防和治療傳染性疾病方面取得了進(jìn)展，但報(bào)告發(fā)現(xiàn)，非傳染性疾病的衛(wèi)生服務(wù)lagging。)”分析可知，while引導(dǎo)的從句“Whileprogresshasbeenmadeinpreventingandtreatinginfectiousdiseases(盡管在預(yù)防和治療傳染病方面取得了進(jìn)展)”，為讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，while意思是“雖然，盡管”，表示轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比；主句“thereportfoundhealthservicesfornon-infectiousdiseasesarelagging”中的劃線詞lagging的意思與從句中“progresshasbeenmade”表達(dá)的意思相反，表示“落后的”，與underdeveloped意思一致。故選D?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“WHOofficialLindiweMakubalowarnedthelifeexpectancygainscouldeasilybelostunlesscountriesstrengthenandmakegreaterinvestmentsinthedevelopmentofhealthcaresystems.(世衛(wèi)組織官員LindiweMakubalo警告說，除非各國(guó)加強(qiáng)并加大對(duì)發(fā)展衛(wèi)生保健系統(tǒng)的投資，否則預(yù)期壽命的增長(zhǎng)很容易喪失。)”、第五段“ThereportsaystheCOVID-19outbreakhasbroughtaboutgreaterdamagestoessentialhealthservicesinAfricacomparedtootherregionsoftheworld,whichmightaffecthealthylifeexpectancy.(報(bào)告稱，與世界其他地區(qū)相比，COVID-19疫情對(duì)非洲基本衛(wèi)生服務(wù)造成了更大的損害，這可能會(huì)影響健康預(yù)期壽命。)”以及最后一段“Accordingtothereport,someprogresshasbeenmadeinachievinguniversalhealthcoverage,butitisfarfromenough.Healthofficialssayoneofthekeymeasurestoimproveaccesstohealthservicesisforgovernmentstoincreasetheirpublichealthbudgets.That,theysay,wouldreducethehugeout-of-pocketexpensesbyfamiliesthatarepushingmillionsofpeopleintopoverty.(報(bào)告指出，在實(shí)現(xiàn)全民健康覆蓋方面取得了一些進(jìn)展，但這還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠。衛(wèi)生官員說，改善衛(wèi)生服務(wù)的關(guān)鍵措施之一是政府增加公共衛(wèi)生預(yù)算。他們說，這將減少家庭的巨額自付支出，而這些支出正使數(shù)百萬(wàn)人陷入貧困。)”可知，世界衛(wèi)生組織高度評(píng)價(jià)過去二十年里非洲取得的巨大進(jìn)步，但對(duì)非洲未來衛(wèi)生健康方面也有許多擔(dān)憂，特別是對(duì)新冠疫情對(duì)非洲的影響、政府投資不足等方面。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Trytopicturetheworldbeforerefrigerators.Thatmaybedifficult!____16____Theymayalsohelpstoreleftoversthereafterdinner.Yes,lifetodaywouldbequitedifferentwithoutrefrigerators.Howdidpeoplekeeptheirfoodfreshbeforethesemachineswerearound?____17____Incoldareas,ancientpeoplecouldfreezetheirfood.Theycouldthenstoreitiniceandsnow.Warmerplacesallowedfordryingfoodinsunlight.Expertssaytheseearlypracticesgavepeopletheoptiontosettleandformcommunities.OneadvancedmethodoffoodstoragearoseinPersiaaround400BC.PeopletherestoredfoodinstructurescalledYakhchal,whichwerebuildingsmadefrommudbricktokeepicefrozenduringeventhewarmestsummermonths.DuringtheMiddleAges,peoplestoredmeatbysaltingorsmokingit.____18____Thesefoodscouldthenbestoredincoolplaces,likecaves,allowingpeopletosavefoodfordifficulttimes.Later,buildingscalledicehousesoricepitswerebuiltupontheideaoftheYakhchal.Suchicehouseswereverycommonbythe1800s.Attheendofthe19thcentury,manypeoplekepttheirfoodfreshiniceboxesmadeofwood.____19____Icedeliverybusinessesgrewwithmorehomesrequiringicetostorefood.Bythe1930s,manypeoplewereusingelectricrefrigeratorstokeepfoodfresh.____20____Manyrefrigeratorstodaycomewithbuilt-inicemakers.Somepeopleevenchoosesmartrefrigeratorsthatcanhelpthemwithmealplansandgroceryshopping.A.Theywouldalsodrymanyfoods,includinggrains.B.Thesecontainersheldlargeblocksoficetokeepfoodcool.C.Nooneknowsforsurehowpeoplefirstlearnedtostorefood.D.Afterall,kidstodayareusedtograbbingasnackfromthefridgeafterschool.E.Sincethen,growthintechnologyhasledthesemachinestobecomemoreadvanced.F.Withnomeanstostorefood,ancientpeopleoftenwenthungryorevendied.G.Actually,peoplefounddifferentwaystokeeptheirfoodfreshthousandsofyearsago.【答案】16.D17.G18.A19.B20.E【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了不同時(shí)期人們保存食物的方法?！?6題詳析】上文“Trytopicturetheworldbeforerefrigerators.Thatmaybedifficult!(試著想象一下冰箱之前的世界。這可能很難！)”說明冰箱出現(xiàn)之前的世界很難，D項(xiàng)“畢竟，今天的孩子們已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了放學(xué)后從冰箱里拿零食?！苯忉屨f明為什么很難想象沒有冰箱的世界，承接上文，符合題意。故選D?！?7題詳析】下文“Incoldareas,ancientpeoplecouldfreezetheirfood.Theycouldthenstoreitiniceandsnow.Warmerplacesallowedfordryingfoodinsunlight.(在寒冷地區(qū)，古人可以冷凍食物。然后，他們可以將其儲(chǔ)存在冰雪中。更溫暖的地區(qū)允許在陽(yáng)光下使食物變干)”說明古人保存食物的方法，G項(xiàng)“事實(shí)上，幾千年前，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)了不同的方法來保持食物新鮮。”引出下文，符合題意。故選G?！?8題詳析】上文“DuringtheMiddleAges,peoplestoredmeatbysaltingorsmokingit.(在中世紀(jì)，人們通過腌制或煙熏來儲(chǔ)存肉類)”說明中世紀(jì)的人們儲(chǔ)存肉類的方法，以及下文“Thesefoodscouldthenbestoredincoolplaces,likecaves,allowingpeopletosavefoodfordifficulttimes.(這些食物可以被儲(chǔ)存在涼爽的地方，比如洞穴，這樣人們就可以為困難時(shí)期保存食物)”說明有些食物可以儲(chǔ)存在涼爽的地方，A項(xiàng)“他們也會(huì)烘干許多食物，包括谷物?！迸c上文并列，舉例說明人們儲(chǔ)存食物的方法，并引出下文，符合題意。故選A?！?9題詳析】上文“Attheendofthe19thcentury,manypeoplekepttheirfoodfreshiniceboxesmadeofwood.(19世紀(jì)末，許多人把食物放在木制的冰箱里保鮮)”說明19世紀(jì)末，人們使用木制的冰箱保存食物，B項(xiàng)中Thesecontainers指代上文中的iceboxes，B項(xiàng)“這些容器裝有大塊冰塊以保持食物的涼爽?！背薪由衔?，符合題意。故選B?！?0題詳析】上文“Bythe1930s,manypeoplewereusingelectricrefrigeratorstokeepfoodfresh.(到了20世紀(jì)30年代，許多人都在使用冰箱來保持食物新鮮)”說明人們開始使用冰箱保存食物，以及下文“Manyrefrigeratorstodaycomewithbuilt-inicemakers.Somepeopleevenchoosesmartrefrigeratorsthatcanhelpthemwithmealplansandgroceryshopping.(現(xiàn)在許多冰箱都配有內(nèi)置制冰機(jī)。有些人甚至選擇智能冰箱，可以幫助他們制定用餐計(jì)劃和購(gòu)買食品雜貨)”說明冰箱變得更加先進(jìn)智能，E項(xiàng)中thesemachines指代上文中的electricrefrigerators，E項(xiàng)“從那時(shí)起，技術(shù)的發(fā)展使這些機(jī)器變得更加先進(jìn)。”承上啟下，符合題意。故選E。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。AndrewChiltonwasdiagnosedwithautism(自閉癥)atageeight.Therewasalotto____21____.Wouldheeverhaveajob?Live____22____?Doctorsandschoolofficials____23____thatAndrewmightnotevengraduatefromhighschool.Andrew’sfamilywoulddoanythingforhim.ChristyChachere,theboy’spersonalcareattendant,sawthe____24____rightaway.“Youhavetolethim____25____,”shetoldthefamily.“It’sthe____26____wayhelearnstodothingsonhisown.”NolongerwouldAndrew’smotherwritehispapers.Hisyoungerbrotherwouldn’t____27____himtooperatethecomputer.Christywouldn’thelphimwithhomeworkeither.Andrew____28____loudlyattimes.ButthenwhatChristyexpectedbeganto____29____.Andrewwouldcomehomefromschool,getasnackandstartonhishomework.Christywas______30______there.Shewouldn’tdohispapersforhim.Butsheshowedhimhowtogetorganized.Bestofall,Christyoffered______31______oncehisworkwasdone.She’d______32______himtoastorewherehecouldbuyPokémoncards.Tothemovies.Orouttoeathisfavoritefood.ChristyhasbeenwithAndrewforsixyears.Shehassuccessfullyhelped______33______thelifeofaboywithautism.One______34______atatime,Andrewgainedindependence.Hegraduatedfromhighschoolandenteredcommunitycollege.“Lifehasneverbeen______35______,”saidAndrew.21.A.putoff B.worryabout C.setaside D.settledown22.A.flexibly B.fortunately C.creatively D.independently23.A.whispered B.desired C.predicted D.witnessed24.A.opinion B.chance C.problem D.ability25.A.fail B.escape C.protect D.promise26.A.easy B.normal C.quick D.only27.A.help B.inspire C.allow D.refuse28.A.apologized B.complained C.requested D.argued29.A.pass B.reduce C.spread D.happen30.A.always B.sometimes C.seldom D.never31.A.quality B.measure C.freedom D.strength32.A.follow B.take C.force D.introduce33.A.ruin B.change C.occupy D.admire34.A.discovery B.competition C.choice D.step35.A.better B.busier C.easier D.quieter【答案】21.B22.D23.C24.C25.A26.D27.A28.B29.D30.A31.C32.B33.B34.D35.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。安德魯·奇爾頓是一個(gè)患有孤獨(dú)癥的孩子。幸運(yùn)的是，他的私人護(hù)理員克里斯蒂·查切爾幫助他獲得了新生?！?1題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。句意：有很多事情要擔(dān)心。A.putoff推遲；B.worryabout擔(dān)心；C.setaside擱置；D.settledown定居下來。根據(jù)下文“Wouldheeverhaveajob?(他會(huì)有工作嗎？)”可知，安德魯有很多讓人擔(dān)心的問題，比如是否能找到工作或者獨(dú)立生活。故選B項(xiàng)。【22題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：能獨(dú)立生活？A.flexibly靈活地；B.fortunately幸運(yùn)地；C.creatively有創(chuàng)造力地；D.independently獨(dú)立地。根據(jù)上文“AndrewChiltonwasdiagnosedwithautism(自閉癥)atageeight.(安德魯·奇爾頓八歲時(shí)被診斷為自閉癥。)”可知，自閉癥患者生活學(xué)習(xí)都是很難自主的，故大家可能對(duì)他能否獨(dú)立生活很擔(dān)心。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：醫(yī)生和學(xué)校官員預(yù)測(cè)，安德魯甚至可能不會(huì)從高中畢業(yè)。A.whispered耳語(yǔ)；B.desired渴望；C.predicted預(yù)測(cè)；D.witnessed目睹。根據(jù)下文“Andrewmightnotevengraduatefromhighschool(安德魯甚至可能不會(huì)從高中畢業(yè))”可知，這是對(duì)安德魯今后生活學(xué)習(xí)的一個(gè)可能性預(yù)測(cè)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：男孩的私人護(hù)理員克里斯蒂·查切爾馬上發(fā)現(xiàn)了問題。A.opinion觀點(diǎn)；B.chance機(jī)會(huì)；C.problem問題；D.ability能力。根據(jù)下文““Youhavetolethimfail,”shetoldthefamily.“It’stheonlywayhelearnstodothingsonhisown.”(“你必須讓他失敗，”她告訴家人?！斑@是他學(xué)會(huì)自己做事的唯一方法?！?”可知，私人護(hù)理員給安德魯?shù)募胰颂岢鼋ㄗh，這肯定是因?yàn)樗l(fā)現(xiàn)了問題所在。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“你必須讓他失敗，”她告訴家人?！斑@是他學(xué)會(huì)自己做事的唯一方法?！盇.fail失??；B.escape逃跑；C.protect保護(hù)；D.promise保證。根據(jù)下文“Hisyoungerbrotherwouldn’thelphimtooperatethecomputer.Christywouldn’thelphimwithhomeworkeither.Andrewcomplained.Loudlyattimes.(安德魯?shù)哪赣H不再寫他的論文了。他的弟弟也不再幫他操作電腦。克里斯蒂也不會(huì)幫他做作業(yè)。安德魯抱怨。有時(shí)聲音很大。)”可知，沒有家人的幫助，安德魯開始做不好事情，即開始體驗(yàn)失敗。故選A項(xiàng)?！?6題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：“你必須讓他失敗，”她告訴家人?！斑@是他學(xué)會(huì)自己做事的唯一方法?！盇.easy容易的；B.normal正常的；C.quick迅速的；D.only唯一的。根據(jù)上文“DoctorsandschoolofficialspredictedthatAndrewmightnotevengraduatefromhighschool.(醫(yī)生和學(xué)校官員預(yù)測(cè)，安德魯甚至可能不會(huì)從高中畢業(yè)。)”可知，大家都認(rèn)為自閉癥的安德魯無法自己獨(dú)立生活；根據(jù)下文“Oneatatime,Andrewgainedindependence.(一步一步，安德魯獲得了獨(dú)立。)”可知最終在私人護(hù)理員的幫助下，安德魯獲得了獨(dú)立，故可知她的辦法是唯一能夠幫助安德魯獨(dú)立的方法。故選D項(xiàng)?！?7題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他的弟弟不愿幫他操作電腦。A.help幫助；B.inspire激發(fā)；C.allow允許；D.refuse拒絕。根據(jù)下文“Christywouldn’thelphimwithhomeworkeither.(克里斯蒂也不會(huì)幫他做作業(yè)。)”可知，私人助理員也不再幫他，故前文應(yīng)提及說媽媽和弟弟也不再幫他。故選A項(xiàng)?！?8題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：安德魯有時(shí)大聲地抱怨。A.apologized道歉；B.complained抱怨；C.requested要求；D.argued爭(zhēng)論。根據(jù)上文“Christywouldn’thelphimwithhomeworkeither.(克里斯蒂也不會(huì)幫他做作業(yè)。)”可知，家人和私人護(hù)理員都不再幫他做事，他開始體驗(yàn)失敗，應(yīng)該會(huì)抱怨。故選B項(xiàng)。【29題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但隨后，克里斯蒂所期待的事情開始發(fā)生了。A.pass通過；B.reduce減少；C.spread傳播；D.happen發(fā)生。根據(jù)下文“Andrewwouldcomehomefromschool,getasnackandstartonhishomework.(安德魯放學(xué)回家，吃點(diǎn)零食，開始做作業(yè)。)”可知，安德魯?shù)男袨榘l(fā)生了改變，他開始自己獨(dú)立做事，私人護(hù)理員期待看到的事發(fā)生了。故選D項(xiàng)。【30題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：克里斯蒂總是在那里。A.always總是；B.sometimes偶爾；C.seldom幾乎不；D.never從沒。根據(jù)下文“Shewouldn’tdohispapersforhim.Butsheshowedhimhowtogetorganized.(她不會(huì)幫他寫論文。但她向他展示了如何變得有條理。)”可知，私人護(hù)理員總是陪著安德魯，觀察他，以她的方式幫助他。故選A項(xiàng)。【31題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：最重要的是，克里斯蒂在安德魯完成事情之后給他提供了自由。A.quality質(zhì)量；B.measure措施；C.freedom自由；D.strength力量。根據(jù)下文“She’dtakehimtoastorewherehecouldbuyPokémoncards.Tothemovies.Orouttoeathisfavoritefood.(她會(huì)帶他去一家商店，在那里他可以買到神奇寶貝卡片。去看電影?；蛘叱鋈コ运钕矚g的食物。)”可知，私人護(hù)理員在安德魯完成自己的事情之后，會(huì)帶他出去做喜歡的事，即給他自由的空間。故選C項(xiàng)。【32題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她會(huì)帶他去一家商店，在那里他可以買到神奇寶貝卡片。A.follow跟隨；B.take帶；C.force強(qiáng)迫；D.introduce介紹。根據(jù)下文“astorewherehecouldbuyPokémoncards(他可以買到神奇寶貝卡片的商店)”可知，此處提及商店是想要表示，她帶安德魯去商店購(gòu)物。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她成功地改變了一個(gè)自閉癥男孩的生活。A.ruin破壞；B.change改變；C.occupy占據(jù)；D.admire欽佩。根據(jù)下文“Andrewgainedindependence.(安德魯獲得了獨(dú)立。)”可知，安德魯從被大家認(rèn)為無法獨(dú)立生活變得獨(dú)立，他生活因?yàn)橛兴饺俗o(hù)理員的幫助發(fā)生了很大改變。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一步一步，安德魯獲得了獨(dú)立。A.discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)；B.competition比賽；C.choice選擇；D.step腳步，步。根據(jù)上文“ChristyhasbeenwithAndrewforsixyears.(克里斯蒂已經(jīng)和安德魯在一起六年了。)”可知，她陪著安德里，看著他慢慢成長(zhǎng)，可以說是一步步發(fā)生改變的。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：安德魯說：“生活從未如此美好?！盇.better更好的；B.busier更忙的；C.easier更容易的；D.quieter更安靜的。根據(jù)上文“Hegraduatedfromhighschoolandenteredcommunitycollege.(他高中畢業(yè)，進(jìn)入社區(qū)大學(xué)。)”可知，被認(rèn)為無法高中畢業(yè)的安德里竟然考上了大學(xué)在，這肯定讓他自己很開心幸福，故他可能會(huì)說考上大學(xué)后的獨(dú)立生活是他最美好的生活。故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Theworldisinaclimatecrisis.Weneedtochangehowwegetourpower,which____36____(mean)weneedtoendtheuseoffossilfuels,likeoilandgas.TheEuropeanSpaceAgency(ESA)hasstartedonworkthatcouldprovide____37____(million)ofhomeswithcleanandreliableenergy.Ithasapproved____38____three-yearprojecttotesthugesolarfarmsinspace.Thesesolarfarmsareexpected____39____(send)energywirelesslyfromspaceintopeopledhomes.AnESAspokespersonsaidonesolar-farmsatellitecouldcreatethesameamountofelectricity____40____apowerstationonEarth.Sheaddedthatthesatelliteswillbearound1.7kmin____41____(long)andtheiraimistohavemanyofthesegiantsatellites____42____(place)inlow-Earthorbits.Theycouldcutouruseoffossilfuelsandreduceenergyshortages.TheESAproject____43____