福建省漳州市2025屆高三畢業(yè)班上學(xué)期第二次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測英語試題（解析版）

高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1福建省漳州市2025屆高三畢業(yè)班上學(xué)期第二次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測英語試題第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inawaitingroom. B.Inasupermarket. C.Inafruitstore.【答案】B【原文】W:Goodmorning,sir!Wouldyouliketotryourfreshorganicmilk?It’sperfectforahealthystarttoyourday.M:I’llgiveitago.I’malwayslookingforqualityproductsformyfamily.2.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Haveatasteofthefish.B.Changetoanotherdish.C.Apologizeforthebadtaste.【答案】B【原文】M:Hey,Ithinktheremightbesomethingabitoffwiththefish.It’snottastingasfreshasI’vehoped.W:Oh,Iapologizeforthat.Let’sgetyousomethingmoretoyourliking.3.Whatisthemandoing?A.Talkingaboutacheck-up.B.Havingasugar-freebreakfast.C.Waitingforadailymedicalroutine.【答案】C【原文】M:Morning,MissNurse.I’mallsetforthefastingbloodsugarcheckbeforebreakfast.Youknow,I’mgettingusedtothisroutine.W:Goodmorning,Mr.Robinson.Haha,nosweat.It’snotabigdeal.Relaxandherewego.4.Whydoesthemanmakethephonecall?A.Toaskforanewphone. B.Tomakeanappointment. C.Togethisphonerepaired.【答案】C【原文】W:Post-salesService.WhatcanIdoforyou?M:Myphone,usedoverayear,hasissues.Itactsup,freezes,andshutsdownsometimes.W:That’sannoying.Pleasebringittoourservicecenterwhenconvenient.We’llfigureoutwhattheproblemisandgetitfixed.5.Howdoesthewomanfeelaboutthesharedmountainvillages?A.Puzzled. B.Grateful. C.Surprised.【答案】C【原文】M:Alice,haveyouheardofsharedmountainvillages?Inthesevillages,resourcessuchasaccommodations,farmingtools,andevenlocalfacilitieslikekitchensandrecreationalareasaresharedamongdifferentusers.W:Oh,that’sincredible!Youmeansharingeverythingwithoutextrapay?第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。6.Whatsuitstheman’stastebest?A.Thestyle. B.Thecolor. C.Thesize.7.Whatwilltheweatherbeliketomorrow?A.Sunny. B.Windy. C.Snowy.【答案】6.B7.C【原文】W:Dad,Igotyousomenewclothesandshoesfromthestoreyoulike.Ihopetheyfityouwell.M:Oh,that’sniceofyou.Let’sseehowtheylook.W:How’sthefit?Warmenough?Anddoyoulikethestyleandcolor?M:They’rejustaperfectfit.Thestyleisnice,anddarkblueisexactlymytaste.Thankyou,mysweetheart.W:Noproblem,Dad.Justmakesuretodresswarmly.Theweatherforecastiscallingforsnowtomorrow,thoughtodayissunnyandwarm.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。8.WhydoesTararefusetotraveltogether?A.Shehasatightbudget. B.Sheplanstosavemoney. C.Shehasbeenbusyrecently.9.WhatdoesthemanadviseTaratodo?A.Makeendsmeet. B.Cutbackonexpenses. C.Investfinancialproducts.10.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Colleagues.B.Schoolmates.C.Financialadvisorandcustomer.【答案】8.A9.B10.A【原文】M:Hi,Tara.I’mplanningtogoonatripthisweekend.Doyouwanttocomewithme?W:Oh,IreallywishIcould,butI’mabitshortoncashrightnow.Ihavetopass.M:Howcome?Weearnthesamesalary.W:IseemtobespendingmorethanIearneachmonth,andIdon’tknowhowtomanagemymoneywell.IthinkI’msupposedtolearnaboutsomemoneymanagementtips.M:Maybeyoucanlistallyourincomeandexpenses,andseewhereyoucancutback.Sometimesunexpectedexpensespopup.Soyoushouldalsosetasidesomeemergencyfunds.Evenasmallamountsavedregularlycanhelpalotincaseofemergencies.W:Ihaveacreditcarddebt.I’llworkonpayingitofffaster.Thanksfortheadvice.M:Noproblem.Ihopeyoucangetyourfinancesinordersoon.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。11.Howarethosepenguinsnow?A.Inneedofhelp. B.Insearchofsweaters. C.Inthecareoftheteacher.12.Whatarethepenguinsweaterslike?A.Useful. B.Thick.C.Beautiful.13.Howdoesthewomanplantohelp?A.Toraiseaninjuredpenguin.B.Tocallforanimalprotection.C.Tojointheuniversityteacher.【答案】11.A12.A13.B【原文】M:Hi,haveyouheardaboutthatuniversityteacherwhoquittomakesweatersforpenguins?W:Yeah.Itsoundsreallystrange.Whywouldshedothat?M:Ithinkshewantstodosomethingmeaningful.Youknow,thosepenguinsareintroubleandneedhelp.Whenthere’sanoilspill,thepenguins’feathersgetcoveredwithoil.Thismakesthemcoldandtheymightswallowthepoisonousoilwhilecleaningthemselves.W:Butmakingsweaters?Thick…orbeautiful?M:No,no.Thesweatersserveasaprotectivecovering.Theycankeepthepenguinswarmandstopthemfromeatingthebadoilontheirfeathers.It’sasimplebuteffectivewaytogivethemabetterchanceofsurvival.W:Oh,Igetit.Soit’stoprotectthem.It’sreallyakindact.Butisn’titabigchangeforhertoleaveherteachingjob?M:Maybeshebelievesthatsavingthosepenguinsismoreimportant.Itshowsthateveryonecandosomethingforanimals,nomatterhowsmallorbig.W:True.Ithinkweshouldspreadawarenessabouttheirprotection.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。14.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Wordsandworksofanovelist.B.Favoritequotesonpostcards.C.ClassicworksintheVictorianperiod.15.Whatisthewomanlike?A.Emotional. B.Optimistic. C.Enthusiastic.16.Whereistheman’sfavouritequotefrom?A.AChristmasCarol. B.GreatExpectations. C.NicholasNickleby.17.Whoranksfirstinthewoman’smind?A.Hemingway. B.Shakespeare. C.CharlesDickens.【答案】14.A15.A16.C17.B【原文】M:Rememberwhenwewenttothe200thbirthdaycelebrationofCharlesDickensinLondon?W:Yes,thatwasquiteanevent.Istillhavethepostcardswepickeduptherethathadsomeofhisquotationsonit.M:Oh,yes,Ihavemine,too.Whichquotationisyourfavourite?W:Mm…It’s“Weneedneverbeashamedofourtears.”M:Icanseewhythat’syourfavourite.Youmayexplodewithfeelingsattheslightesttouch!IsthatfromATaleofTwoCities?W:No,butgoodguess.It’sfromGreatExpectations.Andwhatisyourfavourite?M:Mineis“Thepainofpartingisnothingtothejoyofmeetingagain.”Seeifyoucanguesswhichbookit’sfrom.W:Hmm…Idon’thaveaclue.AChristmasCarol?M:No,I’lljusttellyou:NicholasNickleby.W:Thatisagoodone.Actually,heisoneofthegreatestnovelistsoftheVictorianperiod.Hewasquiteaproductivewriter.M:Sohowdoesherateinyourlistoffavouritewriters?W:He’srightupthere,heandHemingway,thoughShakespearehastobeatthetopofmylist.聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。18.Whydoesthespeakergivethespeech?A.Tointroducethekeytosuccess.B.Toexpressgratitudeforanaward.C.Toshareaneducationalexperience.19.Howdothespeaker’sfriendshelphim?A.Byencouragingandpushinghim.B.Byofferingfreeeducation.C.Bysharingresources.20.Whatdoesthespeakerappealtotheaudiencetodo?A.Supporteachother.B.Gainthesameaward.C.Worktowardsexcellence.【答案】18.B19.A20.C【原文】Ladiesandgentlemen,today,standingbeforeyou,IambothhonoredandhumbledtoreceivetheawardforOutstandingStudentoftheYear.Thisrecognitionisnotjustaproofofmyhardwork,butalsoareflectionoftheincrediblesupportandguidanceIhavereceivedfrommyteachers,friendsandfamily.Iwanttoexpressmysinceregratitudetomyprofessors,whohavenotonlytaughtmeknowledgebutalsoinspiredmetopursueexcellenceinallaspectsoflife.Tomyfriends,thankyouforyourconstantencouragementandforpushingmetobethebestversionofmyself.Beingastudentisnotjustaboutexcellinginacademics;it’saboutgrowingasaperson,embracingchallenges,andmakingapositiveimpactonthosearoundus.Ibelievethateducationisajourney,andthisawardisamilestonethatmotivatesmetocontinueonthispathoflearningandself-improvement.Inclosing,Iwanttosaythatthisawardisnotjustmine;itbelongstoeveryonewhohasbelievedinmeandsupportedme.Thankyou,andlet’scontinuetoaimforperfectiontogether.Thankyou.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AAbsoluteheavenforloversofchocolateandicecreameverywhere.Ourstore,theChocolateGardenofIreland,isaworkingchocolateandicecreamfactoryofferingchocolate-makingsessions,family-sizedworkshopswithonlinebookingandgroup(15+)bookingsbyphone.Afreeaccessareaforchildrenwillkeeptheyoungeroneshappy,makingitanexcellentdestinationforparentstorelax.SetinbeautifulnortheastCarlow,it’samust-visitifyouareinthearea,whateveryourage—you’lldelightinitsaward-winninghandmadechocolatetreatsandyoucanhaveatourbyyourselfaroundthewholearea.Afternoonteaisavailablewithbooking,perfectforthoselookingforaspecialexperience.Itscaféoffersitsownhandmadeicecream,delicioussundaes(圣代冰激凌),andawidevarietyofchocolatesandtreats,forinstance,notallourchocolatesaresugar-containing,andsomechocolatesaregluten-free(無麩質(zhì)的),makingthemaccessibleforawiderrangeofdietaryneeds.HowtoFindUs:OntheR725betweenTullowandShillelagh,5kmfromTullow,nexttoRathwood.OpeningTimes:Seasonalopeningsmayapply,socheckthewebsiteorsocialmediatoensureweareopenbeforevisiting.Thereisnoadmissionchargetothecafé.Pleasepre-bookchocolate-makingsessions.Admission:Chocolatemould(模具)making€13.50perperson.ServiceDetailsPricingChocolate-makingsessionsHands-onexperiencecreatingyourownchocolates€15perpersonHandmadechocolateDifferentflavors€5eachArtisanIceCreamAvarietyofflavorsmadeon-site€3.5perscoop(勺)SundaesDeliciousSundaeswithachoiceoftoppings€5eachAfternoonTeaSelectionofteasservedwithavarietyofsweettreats€25perperson(20%discountforgroupsoffourormore)21.Whatmakesthestoreafamily-friendlyplace?A.Thatitoffersguidedtours.B.Thatchildren’sadmissionisfree.C.Thatitfeaturesachildren’sspace.D.Thatfamily-sizedmealsareavailable.22.What’sthecostforfourpeople’safternoonteasandtwochocolates?A.€80. B.€90.C.€95. D.€100.23.Whymightthestoreofferawidevarietyofchocolates?A.Tomeetspecificrequirements. B.Tosavesomerawmaterialslikesugar.C.Tooffercustomersauniqueexperience. D.Todividecustomersintomorecategories.【答案】21.C22.B23.A【語篇導(dǎo)讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。本文介紹了一個巧克力商店的相關(guān)情況。【21題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Afreeaccessareaforchildrenwillkeeptheyoungeroneshappy,makingitanexcellentdestinationforparentstorelax.(兒童免費進(jìn)入?yún)^(qū)將讓年幼的孩子保持快樂，使其成為父母放松的絕佳目的地。)”可知，商店設(shè)有的一個供兒童自由出入的區(qū)域能讓孩子們開心，這使得它成為家長可以放松的一個好去處，這也是使商店成為家庭友好型場所的因素。故選C項?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格內(nèi)容“HandmadechocolateDifferentflavors€5each(手工巧克力不同口味5歐元)”和“€25perperson(20%discountforgroupsoffourormore)(每人25歐元（四人或四人以上團(tuán)體可享受20%的折扣）)”可知，一個人的下午茶費用為25歐元，四人或四人以上團(tuán)體有20%的折扣，所以四個人的下午茶費用為25×4×（1-20%）=80歐元；手工巧克力每塊5歐元，所以兩塊巧克力的費用為5×2=10歐元。因此，四個人共需花費80+10=90歐元。故選B項。【23題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Itscaféoffersitsownhandmadeicecream,delicioussundaes(圣代冰激凌),andawidevarietyofchocolatesandtreats,forinstance,notallourchocolatesaresugar-containing,andsomechocolatesaregluten-free(無麩質(zhì)的),makingthemaccessibleforawiderrangeofdietaryneeds.(它的咖啡館提供自己的手工冰淇淋、美味的圣代和各種各樣的巧克力和零食，例如，并非所有的巧克力都含糖，有些巧克力不含麩質(zhì)，這使得它們可以滿足更廣泛的飲食需求。)”可知，商店提供各種各樣的巧克力是為了滿足不同顧客不同的飲食需求。故選A項。BMyteenagedaughtersigneduptoruna5KthatSaturdaymorning,andIplannedtoreturntobedafterdroppingheroff.Iquicklygrabbedsomeclothesandrushedoutofthedoorwithher.WhenwearrivedandIsawthecrowd,athoughtcrossedmymind—Imightmissherfirstevent.Andpastexperiencesimpliedthatthislikelihoodwasfairlyhigh.Therewasastrangepulltojoinhersomehow,eventhoughIknewitwasunlikely.Ihadn’tbeenphysicallyactiverecentlyandwasnotdressedforarace.Anyhow,Ipretendedtherehadbeenfriends’encouragement.Ifoundmyselfregisteringfortherace,tellingmyselfIwouldjustwalkit.Itiedmysweatshirtaroundmywaistandstuffedmykeysinmypocket.Whenthegunwentoff,Iranalongwitheveryoneelse.Iquicklydroppedback,andsoonbecamedeadlast,whichmademeupset.Thecrowdvanished(消失)overahill,andIlostsightofmydaughter.Onlyoneotherwomanremained,wholookedabout20yearsolderthanme.Webeganaseriesofrunningandwalking.Whensheranagain,Icouldn’tletherpassme,soIrantoo.Imanagedtopassher,givingmearayofdelight,andlaterIpassedagroupofwomen.IcontinuedtoswitchbetweenrunningandwalkinguntilIpassedoneofmydaughter’sclassmates,andthenanother.ThecoursewoundthroughAmishcountryandAmishchildrenlinedtheroute,watchingus.IdoubtedwhetherIcouldmakeitupthelasthill,butIkeptpickinggoals,suchasatelephonepoleoramailbox,torunorwalkto.IevenfiguredoutthatifImademystepdistancelongwhenIwalked,Iwouldcovermoreground.Ifinallycrossedthefinishlinetofindmydaughterwaitingforme.Myfaceburnedred,andmylegshurt,butIwasproudofbothofusasweposedforaselfie(自拍)wearingournumbers.24.Whydidtheauthorjointherace?A.Tocompeteintheracewithherdaughter.B.Toprovidehergirlwithcompanionship.C.Toenrichherexperiencesinrunning.D.Towinaprizeintheraceatleast.25.Howdidtheauthorfeelasshefellbehindintherace?A.Defeatedandhopeless. B.Anxiousanddisappointed.C.Discouragedbutmotivated. D.Embarrassedbutdelighted.26.Whatmainlyhelpedtheauthorfinishthelastrun?A.Switchingamongdifferentbreathingmodes.B.Greatcommitmenttowintheracehappily.C.Constantencouragementfromon-lookers.D.Settingprogressivegoalsalongtheroute.27.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.FacingChallenges:AMother’s5KJourneyB.AnUnexpectedWin:MyDaughter’sRaceC.OvercomingObstacles:AFamilyEventD.TheJoyofRunning:ARaceAdventure【答案】24.B25.C26.D27.A【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者陪伴女兒參加跑步比賽并最終完成比賽的經(jīng)歷。【24題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“WhenwearrivedandIsawthecrowd,athoughtcrossedmymind—Imightmissherfirstevent.Andpastexperiencesimpliedthatthislikelihoodwasfairlyhigh.Therewasastrangepulltojoinhersomehow,eventhoughIknewitwasunlikely.(當(dāng)我們到達(dá)現(xiàn)場，看到人群時，我腦海中閃過一個念頭——我可能會錯過她的第一次比賽。而過去的經(jīng)歷表明，這種可能性相當(dāng)高。盡管我知道自己不太可能參加，但心中卻有一種莫名的沖動想要加入她)”可知，作者參加比賽是想給女兒提供一些陪伴。故選B?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Iquicklydroppedback,andsoonbecamedeadlast,whichmademeupset.Thecrowdvanished(消失)overahill,andIlostsightofmydaughter.Onlyoneotherwomanremained,wholookedabout20yearsolderthanme.Webeganaseriesofrunningandwalking.Whensheranagain,Icouldn’tletherpassme,soIrantoo.Imanagedtopassher,givingmearayofdelight,andlaterIpassedagroupofwomen.(我很快就落在了后面，很快就成了最后一名，這讓我很沮喪。人群翻過一座小山后消失了，我也看不見我的女兒了。只剩下另一個女人，她看起來比我大約老20歲。我們開始交替跑步和走路。當(dāng)她再次跑步時，我不想讓她超過我，所以我也跑了起來。我成功地超過了她，這讓我有一絲喜悅，后來我又超過了一群女性)”可知，作者在比賽中落后時雖有過氣餒但后來也有了動力。故選C。【26題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“IdoubtedwhetherIcouldmakeitupthelasthill,butIkeptpickinggoals,suchasatelephonepoleoramailbox,torunorwalkto.(我懷疑自己是否能爬上最后那座小山，但我不斷設(shè)定目標(biāo)，比如一根電線桿或一個信箱，作為我跑步或走路的目的地)”可知，作者沿途設(shè)定漸進(jìn)的目標(biāo)，這幫助作者在比賽中堅持到最后。故選D?！?7題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是由文章第一段“WhenwearrivedandIsawthecrowd,athoughtcrossedmymind—Imightmissherfirstevent.Andpastexperiencesimpliedthatthislikelihoodwasfairlyhigh.Therewasastrangepulltojoinhersomehow,eventhoughIknewitwasunlikely.(當(dāng)我們到達(dá)現(xiàn)場，看到人群時，我腦海中閃過一個念頭——我可能會錯過她的第一次比賽。而過去的經(jīng)歷表明，這種可能性相當(dāng)高。盡管我知道自己不太可能參加，但心中卻有一種莫名的沖動想要加入她)”可知，作者原本打算送女兒參加跑步比賽后就回家睡覺，結(jié)果卻因不想錯過女兒的第一場比賽而臨時決定參加比賽，整個比賽對作者來說是一次自我挑戰(zhàn)，作者直面挑戰(zhàn)，最終跑完了全程。所以A項“FacingChallenges:AMother’s5KJourney(面對挑戰(zhàn)：一位母親的5公里之旅)”概括了文章內(nèi)容，是文章的最佳標(biāo)題。故選A。CDoctorsmeasurebloodpressuretotrackheartdisease.Butwhenitcomestodepressionwithcomplexcauses,clinicians(臨床醫(yī)生)mustrelyonpeople’sself-reportedsymptoms,makingitdifficulttoobjectivelymeasureatreatment’seffectsonpatientsespeciallythoserefusingtreatment.Consequently,itcostsalotforclinicianstomaketherapy(療法)adjustments.Now,researchershaveusedartificialintelligence(AI)toidentifyabrainsignallinkedtorecoveryfromdepressioninpeopletreatedwithdeep-brainstimulation(DBS),atechniquethatuseselectrodes(電極)implantedintothebraintodeliverelectricpulsesthatchangenervousactivity.Theteamreporteditsresultsontenpeoplewithseveredepression,inNatureon20September.Ifappliedinalargersample,thesefindingscouldrepresenta“game-changerinhowwewouldbeabletotreatdepression”,saysPaulHoltzheimer,aneuroscientistattheGeiselSchoolofMedicineatDartmouth.Tofindamoreobjectivemeasureofdepressionrecovery,MaybergandhercolleaguesdevelopedaDBSdevicethatincludessensorstomeasurebrainactivity.Theyimplantedthisdeviceintothesubcallosalcingulatecortex(胼胝體下扣帶皮層)—anareaofthebrainthathasaroleinrevisingemotionalbehaviour—intenpeoplewithdepressionthatresistedallformsoftreatment.After24weeksofstimulation,nineofthetenparticipantsshowedanoticeableimprovementintheirsymptoms,andsevenmetthecriteriafordiseaserelief.MaybergandhercolleaguesusedanAImodeltoidentifythebrainpatternsassociatedwithseveredepressionatthestartofthestudy.Theyalsotrainedthemodeltoidentifythebrainpatternsassociatedwithsuccessfultreatmentattheendofthestudy.Itisimportantnotonlytotestthisapproachinmorepeoplebutalsotodigintothebiologyofwhatthebrainpatternforrecoveryrepresents.ThesefindingscouldhaveimplicationsbeyondDBS.Peoplewithseveredepressionmightnotwantanelectrodeintheirbrain.Butifthere’sacorrespondingbrainsignalthatcouldbemeasuredbylessinvasivemethods,thefindingsmightbemorebroadlyuseful.28.Whatchallengedoestheassessmentofdepressiontreatmentface?A.Obtainingpatients’approval. B.Relatingtopatients’emotions.C.Lackofnecessarydata. D.Highassessmentcosts.29.WhatisPaulHoltzheimer’sattitudetowardthenewmeasurementmethod?A.Doubtful. B.Cautious.C.Critical. D.Appreciative.30.WhatisthemainfocusofMayberg’sresearch?A.Todevelopnewtreatmentstrategiesfordepression.B.Toinvestigatethebrain’sroleinemotionalregulation.C.Toevaluatetheeffectivenessofdifferenttherapies.D.Todetectbrainsignalsofimprovementindepression.31.Whatcanweknowfromthelastparagraph?A.Perfectedassessingmethodsmayleadtowiderapplication.B.Invasivetreatmentsarealmostineffectivefordepression.C.Recoverysignalsareinvisiblewithoutasurgery.D.Itisofimportancetostudybiologydeeply.【答案】28.C29.D30.D31.A【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了研究人員利用人工智能識別與抑郁癥康復(fù)相關(guān)的大腦信號，Mayberg團(tuán)隊進(jìn)行相關(guān)研究，最后指出完善評估方法可能帶來更廣泛應(yīng)用?！?8題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Butwhenitcomestodepressionwithcomplexcauses,clinicians(臨床醫(yī)生)mustrelyonpeople’sselfreportedsymptoms,makingitdifficulttoobjectivelymeasureatreatment’seffectsonpatientsespeciallythoserefusingtreatment.Consequently,itcostsalotforclinicianstomaketherapy(療法)adjustments.(但當(dāng)涉及病因復(fù)雜的抑郁癥時，臨床醫(yī)生必須依靠患者自我報告的癥狀，這使得客觀衡量治療對患者的效果變得困難，尤其是那些拒絕治療的患者。因此，臨床醫(yī)生進(jìn)行治療調(diào)整的成本很高)”可知，因為要依靠患者自我報告癥狀，所以抑郁癥治療評估面臨的問題是缺乏必要的客觀數(shù)據(jù)來評估抑郁癥治療效果。故選C項。【29題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Ifappliedinalargersample,thesefindingscouldrepresenta‘gamechangerinhowwewouldbeabletotreatdepression’,saysPaulHoltzheimer,aneuroscientistattheGeiselSchoolofMedicineatDartmouth.(達(dá)特茅斯學(xué)院蓋澤爾醫(yī)學(xué)院的神經(jīng)科學(xué)家保羅·霍爾茨海默表示，如果在更大的樣本中應(yīng)用，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)可能代表著‘我們治療抑郁癥方式的一個重大改變’)”可知，保羅·霍爾茨海默認(rèn)為這一發(fā)現(xiàn)可能會帶來治療抑郁癥方式的重大改變，由此可推斷他對這種新的測量方法持贊賞態(tài)度。故選D項?！?0題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Tofindamoreobjectivemeasureofdepressionrecovery,MaybergandhercolleaguesdevelopedaDBSdevicethatincludessensorstomeasurebrainactivity.(為了找到一種更客觀的衡量抑郁癥康復(fù)的方法，梅伯格和她的同事開發(fā)了一種包含傳感器的腦深部電刺激(DBS)設(shè)備，用于測量大腦活動)”可知，Mayberg研究的主要重點是檢測抑郁癥改善的大腦信號。故選D項。【31題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Itisimportantnotonlytotestthisapproachinmorepeoplebutalsotodigintothebiologyofwhatthebrainpatternforrecoveryrepresents.ThesefindingscouldhaveimplicationsbeyondDBS.Peoplewithseveredepressionmightnotwantanelectrodeintheirbrain.Butifthere’sacorrespondingbrainsignalthatcouldbemeasuredbylessinvasivemethods,thefindingsmightbemorebroadlyuseful.(不僅要在更多人身上測試這種方法，還要深入研究康復(fù)大腦模式所代表的生物學(xué)意義。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)可能會產(chǎn)生超出腦深部電刺激(DBS)的影響。重度抑郁癥患者可能不想在大腦中植入電極。但如果有一種相應(yīng)的大腦信號可以通過侵入性較小的方法測量，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)可能會有更廣泛的用途)”可知，完善評估方法，例如采用侵入性較小的測量方法，可能會使這些發(fā)現(xiàn)得到更廣泛的應(yīng)用。故選A項。DEveryJuly,thewesternsandpiper,asmallmigratorybird,travelsfromAlaskatothecoastofPerualongthePacificFlyway.Alongtheway,thewetlandsofCalifornia’sCentralValleyprovidecrucialrestingandfeedingwetlands.Traditionally,ricefarmersintheregionfloodtheirfieldsafterharvesttodecompose(分解)remainingvegetation.ThroughtheBirdReturnsprogram,farmersarerewardedforfloodingtheirfieldsearlierinfallandlaterinspring,creatingtemporarywetlandsformigratorybirdsduringtheirsouthwardandnorthwardjourneys.Tofigureoutwherethesealternativehabitatsaremostneeded,BirdReturnsusesdatafromeBird—acommunityscienceprojectcomposedofbirders’recordedsightings—toassesswhereandwhenmigratorybirdstypicallylandintheCentralValley.Researcherscombinethatinformationwithsatellitedatashowingwhenandwheresurfacewaterismostavailable,andwhereit’sneeded.BirdReturnsisnotliketraditionalconservationstrategiesinwhichorganizationsbuylandandprotectitinperpetuity.Instead,it’samarket-basedprogramthatpaysfarmerstofloodtheirfieldsforacertainamountoftime,ratherlikerentingbirdhabitat,explainsJuliaBarfield,aprogrammanagerfortheNatureConservancyandpartofBirdReturns.Theamountofmoneythatfarmersreceiveisdeterminedbyareverseauction(反向拍賣):Thefarmersbid(出價)forcontracts,andthelowestbidderwins.Thoughthewaysoundseffective,butitisstilltoughtosettleallproblems.“Althoughmarket-basedsolutionsshouldn’tbetheonlyanswer,theyare‘a(chǎn)pieceofthepuzzle’”,saysNatalia,aconservationecologistatUCSantaCruzwhoisnotinvolvedwithBirdReturns.DanielKarp,aresearcheratDavis,seestheprogramasarareconservationwin.Mostofthetime,smallfarmsthatgrowmanydifferentcropsandplantpollinator-friendly(有利于傳粉者的)flowersarethebestwaytoconservebiodiversityinhuman-dominatedlandscapes.Butalthoughricefarmersgrowonlyonecrop,theirlargefieldsareanexception.TheBirdReturnsprogramisfarfromacompletesolution,but“it’sthisweirdcircumstancewhereyouhavealarge,industrial-scaleintensiveagriculturalsystemthatcanmeanwhilesupportwildlife,”Karpsays.32.Whydofarmersfloodtheirfieldsoriginally?A.Tomakethemwetlands. B.Tofeedmigratorybirds.C.Toprotectthehousefromtheflood. D.Tobreakdownleftoverplantmatter.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“perpetuity”probablymean?A.Control. B.Practice.C.Permanence. D.Development.34.WhyistheBirdReturnsprogramunique?A.Farmersarepaidtoadjustfarmingschedules.B.Itpartiallyreliesonlong-termlandprotection.C.Farmers’fieldsarerentedforbirdreproduction.D.Itisverytime-savingandenergy-efficient.35.HowdobothNataliaandKarpviewtheprogram?A.Abitterlesson. B.Abeneficialtrial.C.Aspecialsuccess. D.Adetailedstudy.【答案】32.D33.C34.A35.B【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一個保護(hù)鳥類的組織通過支付農(nóng)民費用讓其調(diào)整灌溉農(nóng)田的時間來為候鳥創(chuàng)造棲息地。【32題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第三句“Traditionally,ricefarmersintheregionfloodtheirfieldsafterharvesttodecompose(分解)remainingvegetation.(傳統(tǒng)上，該地區(qū)的稻農(nóng)在收獲后淹沒農(nóng)田，以分解剩余的植被)”可知，該地區(qū)的農(nóng)民在收獲后灌溉他們的田地是為了分解剩余的植被。故選D。【33題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“BirdReturnsisnotliketraditionalconservationstrategiesinwhichorganizationsbuylandandprotectitinperpetuity.Instead,it’samarket-basedprogramthatpaysfarmerstofloodtheirfieldsforacertainamountoftime,ratherlikerentingbirdhabitat,explainsJuliaBarfield,aprogrammanagerfortheNatureConservancyandpartofBirdReturns.(BirdReturns不像傳統(tǒng)的保護(hù)策略，即組織購買土地并……保護(hù)它。相反，這是一個基于市場的項目，向農(nóng)民支付一定時間的洪水，而不是租用鳥類棲息地，大自然保護(hù)協(xié)會的項目經(jīng)理JuliaBarfield解釋說，她是BirdReturns的一部分)”可知，BirdReturns不像傳統(tǒng)的保護(hù)策略那樣，即組織購買土地并永久保護(hù)土地。相反，BirdReturns是基于市場的項目，支付農(nóng)民在特定時間段灌溉田地的費用。所以perpetuity在這里應(yīng)是與foracertainamountoftime相對的意思，意為“永久”，與C項意思相近。故選C?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“BirdReturnsisnotliketraditionalconservationstrategiesinwhichorganizationsbuylandandprotectitinperpetuity.Instead,it’samarket-basedprogramthatpaysfarmerstofloodtheirfieldsforacertainamountoftime,ratherlikerentingbirdhabitat,explainsJuliaBarfield,aprogrammanagerfortheNatureConservancyandpartofBirdReturns.(BirdReturns不像傳統(tǒng)的保護(hù)策略，即組織購買土地并……保護(hù)它。相反，這是一個基于市場的項目，向農(nóng)民支付一定時間的洪水，而不是租用鳥類棲息地，大自然保護(hù)協(xié)會的項目經(jīng)理JuliaBarfield解釋說，她是BirdReturns的一部分)”可知，BirdReturns項目獨特的原因在于它是一個基于市場的項目，支付農(nóng)民費用讓他們調(diào)整灌溉田地的時間來為候鳥創(chuàng)造棲息地。故選A。【35題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一、二句““Althoughmarket-basedsolutionsshouldn’tbetheonlyanswer,theyare‘a(chǎn)pieceofthepuzzle’”,saysNatalia,aconservationecologistatUCSantaCruzwhoisnotinvolvedwithBirdReturns.DanielKarp,aresearcheratDavis,seestheprogramasarareconservationwin.(“盡管基于市場的解決方案不應(yīng)該是唯一的答案，但它們是‘拼圖的一部分’，”加州大學(xué)圣克魯斯分校的保護(hù)生態(tài)學(xué)家Natalia說，她沒有參與鳥類回歸計劃。戴維斯大學(xué)的研究人員DanielKarp認(rèn)為，該項目是一次罕見的保護(hù)勝利)”可知，Natalia認(rèn)為基于市場的解決方案不應(yīng)是唯一答案，但它們是拼圖的一部分；Karp則認(rèn)為該項目取得了難得的保護(hù)成果。由此可推知，Natalia和Karp都認(rèn)為這個項目是一個有益的嘗試。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Ican’trecallexactlyhowtheconceptof“Attic(閣樓)notebooks”cametome,butitpaidoff.Ikeepusingthismethodbecauseitalwayssurprisesmeandhasprovenitsworthtimeandagain.____36____Youwriteinitregularlyinshortsessions.Theruleisthatyoudon’tlookbackatwhatyou’vewrittenuntilthenotebookisfull.Youjustkeepmovingforwardandneverlookback.Itisverysuitabletofinishwritinganotebookinaboutamonth.Onceit’sfull,youcloseit,writethedateonit,andputitasideforalongperiodofnolessthanamonth.Whenyoufinallyreadit,it’slikestumbling(蹣跚)uponastrangenotebookinanattic,filledwithallkindsofstories,poems,andideas.Fun,non-goal-directedwritingexercisescanhelpyougetintoastateofflow.Itisreallygoodforyourcreativityandyourwork.____37____Evenjustafewminutesofwritingeachdaycanhaveasignificantimpact.Mynovelisverydiffer