河南省2023-2024學年高一下學期部分高中2月開學聯考英語試題（解析版）

高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE1河南省2023-2024學年高一下學期部分高中2月開學聯考英語試題第一部分聽力(略)第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AParis,thecapitalofFrance,hassomeattractivebridges.ThesearefourofthemostbeautifulbridgesinParis:someiniconic(標志性的)placesyou’veseeninthemovies,andothersinquietplacesthatyou’lldelightindiscovering.PontdesArtsConnectingtheLouvreMuseumtotheInstitutdeFrance,thePontdesArts,firstbuiltbyNapoleonBonapartein1804andreconstructedinthe1970s,isabridgeonlyforpeoplewalkingthatisbelovedbytouristsandlocalsalike.Inthespringandsummermonths,ParisiansandvisitorscomehereforlazypicnicsoverlookingtheSeine.PontMarleThislovelybutlittle-knownbridgeisagatewaybetweentheMaraisdistrictontherightbankandanaturalislandontheSeineRiver.Thecurrentstonestructuredatestoaround1670,followingafireonitswoodenstructurethatdestroyedmuchoftheoriginalbridgeandthehousesthatoncestoodonit.Ithasremainedmuchthesamesincethe18thcentury,makingitoneofParis’oldestbridges.PontAlexandreⅢThePontAlexandreⅢisprobablythemostattractiveofParis’manybridges.Builtbetween1896and1900,itconnectsthedesInvalideswiththegardensofthePetitPalais.It’safterdarkthatyoucanbestappreciateitsdelicatestatuesandotherdecorativeelements.PontNeufFirstbuiltin1578byKingHenryⅢ,PontNeufhasseennumerousreconstructionsandchangesoverthecenturies.ButitconservesitsRoman-inspiredarch(拱形)structures.Thisisalovelybridgethatofferseasyandpicturesqueaccesstotheleftandrightbank.Havesomeicecream,explorethelovelyriversidepathsandenjoyviewsofNotreDameCathedral.1.WhatisspecialaboutthePontdesArts?A.Ithasbeenrebuiltmanytimes. B.ItisoneofParis’oldestbridges.C.Itisabridgeonlyforpeoplewalking. D.ItisthemostattractivebridgeinParis.2.Whichistheoldestamongthefourbridges?A.PontdesArts. B.PontMarie.C.PontAlexandreⅢ D.PontNeuf.3.Whereisthetextprobablyfrom?A.Aguidebook. B.Ahealthmagazine.C.Anewsreport. D.Abookreview.【答案】1.C2.D3.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇應用文。主要介紹了法國首都巴黎有一些很有吸引力的橋梁?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。文章PontdesArts段講到“ConnectingtheLouvreMuseumtotheInstitutdeFrance,thePontdesArts,firstbuiltbyNapoleonBonapartein1804and

reconstructedinthe1970s,isabridgeonlyforpeoplewalkingthatisbelovedbytouristsandlocalsalike.(連接盧浮宮和法蘭西學院的藝術橋(PontdesArts)是1804年由拿破侖·波拿巴(NapoleonBonaparte)建造的，在20世紀70年代重建，是一座僅供行人行走的橋，受到游客和當地人的喜愛。)”可知，藝術橋的特別之處是這是一座供人行走的橋。故選C?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。文章PontdesArts部分講到“firstbuiltbyNapoleonBonapartein1804(1804年由拿破侖·波拿巴首次建造)”、PontMarie.部分講到“Thecurrentstonestructuredatestoaround1670(目前的石頭結構可以追溯到1670年左右)”、PontAlexandreⅢ部分講到“Builtbetween1896and1900(建于1896年至1900年)”以及PontNeuf部分講到“Firstbuiltin1578byKingHenryⅢ(始建于1578年，由國王亨利三世建造)”可知，四座橋中最古老的是PontNeuf。故選D?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。文章第一段講到“Paris,thecapitalofFrance,hassomeattractivebridges.ThesearefourofthemostbeautifulbridgesinParis:someiniconic(標志性的)placesyou’veseeninthemovies,andothersinquietplacesthatyou’lldelightindiscovering.(法國首都巴黎有一些很有吸引力的橋梁。這是巴黎最美麗的四座橋：一些在你在電影中看到的標志性地方，另一些在你樂于發(fā)現的安靜地方。)”可知，本文大概出自一本指南。故選A。BLotsofkidsliketotalkaboutsports,butJosephD’AvirrotalksaboutsportslikeaprofessionalhostinashowcalledSliders&Curveballs.The9-year-oldfromNewington,Connecticutisanaturalatsportstalkandhasbeenbroadcastingtheshow—whichisaboutbaseball,basketballandothersports—withhisdad,MikeD’Avirro,sinceSeptember2019.TheD’AvirrostartedthebroadcastaftertwoformercollegeroommatesofMikedied,whichmadeMikewanttospendmoretimewithhisson.Thentheideacametohim.Sofar,theyhavedoneabout50programs.Joseph’sfavoriteiswhenthefather-and-sonteaminterviewedJimCalhoun,thecoachleadingtheConnecticutHuskiestothreenationaltitles.Theyhavealsointerviewedimportantsportsauthors.Thefatherandsonmakeaboutone30-to40-minutepodcasteachmonth.Theyprepareforthepodcastsbydecidingonthequestionstheywanttoasktheguest.Josephaskshalfofthequestions,andMikehandlestheotherhalf.Josephreadshisquestionsagainandagaintogettheminhisbrainwell.Itisalotofwork,butJosephsaysitis“alotmorefunthanhomework”.Josephhasalsolearnedtospeakupandspeakclearly.Hehastolistenandtogowiththeflowoftheconversation.Forexample,hesaid,“Iftheguestistalkingaboutsportsinthe1990s,youhavetothinkaboutsportsinthe1990s.”Whenaskedhowlongheandhisdadwillcontinuedoingtheshow,heanswered,“Untilmydadstartsgrowinggrayhairs.”Josephhasotherambitionswhenhegrowsup—tobeasportsplayer,asportsbroadcasterortoownabasketballteam.Thosearebigdreams,butJosephisalreadylivingadream:talkingsportsandspendingtimewithhisdad.4.WhatisJoseph’sshowabout?A.Sometalkshowsonsports.B.Waystogetalongwithparents.C.Storiesaboutfamoussportsplayers.D.Sportsthathisfamilylovesplaying.5.WhatinspiredMiketostarttheshowwithhisson?A.Hisson’stalentforsports.B.Hiswishtobeahostsincecollege.C.Thedeathsofhiscollegeroommates.D.Theencouragementfromhisroommates.6.WhatdoesJosephthinkofmemorizinghisquestions?A.It’sasboringashomework.B.It’schallengingtohisbrain.C.Ittakesalotoftimebutmeansalot.D.It’smoreinterestingthanhomework.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ArisingsportsbroadcasterB.AlongroadtogotosuccessC.Thefather-and-sonteamhostsD.JosephD’Avirro’sbigdream【答案】4.A5.C6.D7.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了九歲男孩Joseph和爸爸一起做體育節(jié)目。Joseph喜歡這個節(jié)目，已經做了50個節(jié)目，采訪了重要的體育人物和作家。Joseph覺得準備節(jié)目比做作業(yè)更有趣。他們會一直做下去，直到爸爸變白頭發(fā)。這個故事展示了Joseph實現了與爸爸一起討論體育的夢想。【4題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段中“The9-year-oldfromNewington,Connecticutisanaturalatsportstalkandhasbeenbroadcastingtheshow—whichisaboutbaseball,basketballandothersports—withhisdad,MikeD’Avirro,sinceSeptember2019.(這位來自康涅狄格州紐因頓的9歲男孩天生擅長體育談話，自2019年9月以來，他一直在和父親MikeD’Avirro一起播報這個關于棒球、籃球和其他運動的節(jié)目)”可知，

Joseph的節(jié)目是一個關于運動的體育談話節(jié)目。故選A?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段中“TheD’AvirrostartedthebroadcastaftertwoformercollegeroommatesofMikedied,whichmadeMikewanttospendmoretimewithhisson.(在邁克的兩個大學前室友去世后，D’Avirro開始播報，這讓邁克想花更多的時間和兒子在一起)”可知，大學室友的去世激發(fā)了Mike與兒子一起做節(jié)目。故選C。【6題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段中“Josephaskshalfofthequestions,andMikehandlestheotherhalf.Josephreadshisquestionsagainandagaintogettheminhisbrainwell.Itisalotofwork,butJosephsaysitis“alotmorefunthanhomework”.(Joseph問一半的問題，Mike處理另一半。Joseph一遍又一遍地讀他的問題，把它們牢牢記在腦子里。這是一項繁重的工作，但Joseph說這“比家庭作業(yè)有趣得多”)”可知，對于在談話節(jié)目中要處理的問題，Joseph認為這比家庭作業(yè)更有趣。故選D?！?題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，九歲男孩Joseph和爸爸一起做體育節(jié)目。Joseph喜歡這個節(jié)目，已經做了50個節(jié)目，采訪了重要的體育人物和作家。Joseph覺得準備節(jié)目比做作業(yè)更有趣。他們會一直做下去，直到爸爸變白頭發(fā)。這個故事展示了Joseph實現了與爸爸一起討論體育的夢想。C選項“Thefather-and-sonteamhosts(父子組合擔任主持人)”概括文章主要內容，符合標題。故選C。CInthenorthernmostedgeofColombiasitsthecoastaltownofAcandí.Accesstothetownisonlybywaterorair;thereisnoroadthatleadsthere.Theresidentstherearefacedwiththestrugglesofbalancinglivelihoodswhileprotectingbiodiversity.Inthepast,traditionalcommunityfishingmethods,passeddownbytheelders,focusedonthereasonablefishingandmanagementofresources.However,theintroductionoflarge-scaletrawlingvessels(拖網漁船)decadesagograduallydepletedthearea’sfishingresources,leadingtodamagetomarine(海洋的)lifeseriously.JesúsAntonioJulioCuestas,whoservesintheregion’sconservationandmanagementofmarineresources,stressesthebadimpactofthesedevelopmentsandcallsfornewfishingtechniques.“Fishingandconservationco-existaslongaswehavegoodmanagementpracticesandreasonableuseofourfishingresources,”saysCuestas.HeandotherofficialsactivelymonitorfishingactivitiesinAcandí.Eachmorning,theyvisitthefishmarketstogatherdataonfisheryresources—includingpricesandsizes—tomonitorthestateofthelocalfishingindustry.AlongwithCuestas,thefishersworktoreducetheirimpactonthemarineecosystem.Bychangingfishingmethodsandadoptingnewpractices,theyaimforamorebalancedapproachtofishing.“Thisyearthelocalfishermenhavenotusedthetrawlnetsthatwerecausingthedeathoftheleatherbackseaturtles,”explainsCuestasproudly.Changesincludetheeffortsofboatstoprotecttheseagrassthatservesasfeedinggroundsformarinelifeandanendtofishersthrowingnetswhereturtleslaytheireggs.ThismarinereserveinAcandí,Cuestasbelieves,istheirgreatesttreasure.Heattachesgreatimportancetoworkingtogetherwithlocalresidentstoimprovethequalityoflifewhilepreservingthemarineecosystem.Bydoingso,heimaginesapicturewhereindividualsfromthefishingcommunitycanpursuevariouscareers,suchasengineersorlawyers,proudlystatingthattheyaretheproductsofthefishingtraditioninAcandí.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“depleted”inparagraph2mean?A.Reused. B.Restored.C.Explored. D.Reduced.9.WhydoesJulioCuestascallfornewfishingtechniques?A.Tocutdownonthecostsoffishing.B.Toimprovetheincomeoflocalresidents.C.Topromotethewell-beingofmarinewildlife.D.Tospreadtraditionalcommunityfishingmethods.10.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Theaimofthechangestofishingmethods.B.Theeffortstopreservemarineecosystem.C.Theresultsthetrawlnetshavebroughtabout.D.Theimpactoffishersonthelocalenvironment.11.WhatisJulioCuestas’sattitudetowardsAcandí’sfuture?A.Confident. B.Uncaring.C.Concerned. D.Doubtful.【答案】8.D9.C10.B11.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹的是哥倫比亞最北部的沿海小鎮(zhèn)Acandí，該地的居民在保護生物多樣性的同時努力平衡生計。【8題詳析】詞義猜測題。根據劃線詞前面的內容“Inthepast,traditionalcommunityfishingmethods,passeddownbytheelders,focusedonthereasonablefishingandmanagementofresources.(在過去，傳統(tǒng)的社區(qū)捕魚方法是由長輩傳下來的，注重合理捕撈和資源管理。)”同時根據劃線詞后面的內容“l(fā)eadingtodamagetomarine(海洋的)lifeseriously.(導致海洋生物嚴重受損。)”可知，傳統(tǒng)的社區(qū)捕魚方法是注重合理捕撈和資源管理的，可是拖網漁船的捕撈方式導致海洋生物嚴重受損，前后構成轉折關系，故這種捕撈方式導致海洋捕魚資源不斷減少。故劃線詞與D選項“Reduced.(減少)”為同義詞。故選D?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第二段中“However,theintroductionoflarge-scaletrawlingvessels(拖網漁船)decadesagograduallydepletedthearea’sfishingresources,leadingtodamagetomarine(海洋的)lifeseriously.(然而，幾十年前引進的大型拖網漁船逐漸耗盡了該地區(qū)的漁業(yè)資源，導致海洋生物受到嚴重破壞。)”以及第三段中“JesúsAntonioJulioCuestas,whoservesintheregion’sconservationandmanagementofmarineresources,stressesthebadimpactofthesedevelopmentsandcallsfornewfishingtechniques.(Jesús負責該地區(qū)海洋資源保護和管理的AntonioJulioCuestas強調了這些發(fā)展的不良影響，并呼吁采用新的捕魚技術。)”可知，因為Jesús注意到了這種捕撈方式對海洋野生動物帶來了消極的影響，因此為了促進海洋野生動物的繁榮，其呼吁使用新的捕撈技術。故選C?！?0題詳析】主旨大意題。根據第四段中“AlongwithCuestas,thefishersworktoreducetheirimpactonthemarineecosystem.Bychangingfishingmethodsandadoptingnewpractices,theyaimforamorebalancedapproachtofishing.(漁民們與Cuestas一起努力減少對海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的影響。通過改變捕魚方法和采用新的做法，他們的目標是實現更平衡的捕魚方式。)”以及“Changesincludetheeffortsofboatstoprotecttheseagrassthatservesasfeedinggroundsformarinelifeandanendtofishersthrowingnetswhereturtleslaytheireggs.(變化包括船只努力保護海草，海草是海洋生物的覓食地，漁民不再在海龜產卵的地方撒網。)”可知，本段主要介紹的是保護海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，漁民們與Cuestas所做出的種種努力。故選B?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據最后一段中“Bydoingso,heimaginesapicturewhereindividualsfromthefishingcommunitycanpursuevariouscareers,suchasengineersorlawyers,proudlystatingthattheyaretheproductsofthefishingtraditioninAcandí.(通過這樣做，他想象了這樣一幅畫面：來自漁業(yè)社區(qū)的個人可以從事各種職業(yè)，比如工程師或律師，并自豪地宣稱他們是Acandí漁業(yè)傳統(tǒng)的產物。)”可知，JulioCuestas認為，通過積極的努力以及與漁民的互相合作，漁業(yè)社區(qū)的個人可以追求各種職業(yè)，海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)也得到了保護，人們可以自豪地宣稱他們是Acandí漁業(yè)傳統(tǒng)的產物，因此JulioCuestas對Acandí的未來是充滿希望和信心的。故選A。DLossofslow-wavesleepasyouagemayincreaseyourriskofdevelopingdementia(癡呆),accordingtoanewstudy.“Wefoundthatagingwasassociatedwithadeclineintheamountofthedeepeststagesofsleep,knownasslow-wavesleep.Wethenfoundthatpeoplewithgreaterdeclinesinslow-wavesleepovertimehadahigherriskofgettingdementiaoverthenext17yearsoffollow-up,”saidMatthewPase,seniorauthorofthestudy.Slow-wavesleepisthethirdandfourthstagesofsleep,whichisimportantforbrainhealth.Duringthisstage,thebodyremovesunwantedorharmfulmaterialsfromthebrain.“Forthebrain,thisdeepsleepisthoughttobethemostrestorative,”saidDrRichardIsaacson,whowasn’tinvolvedinthestudy.Theresearcherswantedtoknowwhetherchronic(慢性的)reductionsinslow-wavesleepovertimearelinkedtodementiariskinhumansandwhetherdementia-relatedprocessesinthebrainmaycontributetogettinglessofthistypeofsleep.Theystudied346peoplewithanaverageageof69andcompletedtwoovernightsleepstudies—onebetween1995and1998andthesecondbetween1998and2001—duringwhichtheirsleepwasmonitored.Theresearchersalsoinvestigatedwhetheranychangeintheamountofslow-wavesleepthatparticipantsgotwasassociatedwithdevelopingdementiaupto17yearsaftertheycompletedthesleepstudies.Bythattime,52participantshadbeendiagnosedwithdementia.Eachpercentagedecreaseinslow-wavesleepperyearwaslinkedtoa27percentincreasedriskofdevelopingdementia.Therateofslow-wavesleeplossaccelerated(加速)fromage60,peakedfromages75to80andslowedafterwards.“Thisisanimportantstudyyetagainshowingtheimpactofqualityofsleeponaperson’sriskofcognitivedeclineanddementia,”Isaacsonsaid.“It’simportanttonotonlypayattentiontothetotalamountofsleepapersongetseachnight,butalsomonitorsleepqualityasbestaspossible.”12.Whatcanwelearnfromthenewstudy?A.Theolderyouare,thelesssleepyouwillhave.B.Slow-wavesleephasbeenlinkedtotheriskofdementia.C.Therateofslow-wavesleeplosskeepsgoingupwithage.D.Theamountofsleephasanimpactontheriskofdementia.13.Howdidresearchersgetwhattheywanted?A.Bymakingacomparison. B.Byintroducingaconcept.C.Byreferringtoanotherstudy. D.Bymakingasurvey.14.WhatdidDrRichardIsaacsonsuggest?A.Sleepqualityneedsmoreattention.B.Weshouldhaveenoughsleep.C.Theelderlyshouldsleepmorethantheyoung.D.Theamountofsleepismoreimportantthansleepquality.15.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A.Sports. B.Health. C.Education. D.Environment.【答案】12.B13.D14.A15.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。主要講述隨著年齡增長，人們的深睡眠時間會越來越短。新研究發(fā)現，如果深睡眠時間大幅減少，患癡呆癥的風險將會大增?！?2題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段“Lossofslow-wavesleepasyouagemayincreaseyourriskofdevelopingdementia(癡呆),accordingtoanewstudy.(新研究發(fā)現，隨著年齡增長，慢波睡眠時間的減少可能會增加患癡呆癥的風險)”可知，慢波睡眠與患癡呆癥的風險有關。故選B。【13題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段“Theystudied346peoplewithanaverageageof69andcompletedtwoovernightsleepstudies—onebetween1995and1998andthesecondbetween1998and2001—duringwhichtheirsleepwasmonitored.Theresearchersalsoinvestigatedwhetheranychangeintheamountofslow-wavesleepthatparticipantsgotwasassociatedwithdevelopingdementiaupto17yearsaftertheycompletedthesleepstudies.(研究人員調查了平均年齡69歲的346個人，并且分別在1995年至1998年間以及1998年至2001年間完成了兩項夜間睡眠研究，在這期間對他們的睡眠進行了監(jiān)測。研究人員還調查了參與者慢波睡眠時間的任何變化是否與完成睡眠研究17年后患癡呆癥有關)”可知，研究人員是通過做調查的方式得到他們想要的。故選D。【14題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段““Thisisanimportantstudyyetagainshowingtheimpactofqualityofsleeponaperson’sriskofcognitivedeclineanddementia,”Isaacsonsaid.“It’simportanttonotonlypayattentiontothetotalamountofsleepapersongetseachnight,butalsomonitorsleepqualityasbestaspossible.”(“這項重要研究再次表明了睡眠質量對于一個人患上認知衰退和癡呆癥風險的影響?！卑_克森表示：“我們不光要注意一個人每夜睡眠的總時長，也要盡可能監(jiān)測睡眠質量。”)”可知，RichardIsaacson的建議是要多關注睡眠質量。故選A。【15題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第一段“Lossofslow-wavesleepasyouagemayincreaseyourriskofdevelopingdementia(癡呆),accordingtoanewstudy.(新研究發(fā)現，隨著年齡增長，慢波睡眠時間的減少可能會增加患癡呆癥的風險)”可知，這是與健康有關的研究，所以這篇文章很有可能出現在報紙上的“健康”板塊。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。BenefitsOfColdWeatherThere’snodoubtaboutit—coldweathercanbeprettyunpleasant.___16___Soifyou’refeelingdownaboutthecoldtemperaturesoutside,readonforafewreasonstobehappyaboutthem!Itboostsyourbrain.Coldtemperaturescanexciteyourbrain,allowingimprovedfocusandgreaterclarityofthought.Thecoldclimateincreasesoxygenflowtothebrain.___17___Itincreasesbrownfatcontent.Coldweatherhastheuniqueabilitytoincreasethenumberofbrownfatcells.___18___.Notonlydotheyhelpusstaycomfortablywarmincoldtemperatures,buttheymayalsoevenpromoteweightlossovertime.___19___Incoldweather,anevenbodytemperaturecanbebeneficialforagoodnight’srest.Asourbodiestrytokeepwarmwhenit’scoldout,bloodvesselsgetnarrowerandhelpcontrolyoursleeptemperatureforamorerelaxedandrestfulsleep.Peoplesleepingincolderenvironmentsgenerallywakeupfeelingmorerefreshedthanthosesleepinginwarmertemperatures.Itimprovesskinhealth.___20___Lowtemperaturesforceustodresswarmlyagainstthecold,leadingtoprotectionagainstenvironmentalaspectsthatwouldotherwiseremovewaterfromourskin.Allinall,therearemanybenefitstospendingtimeoutsideincoldweather!Nexttimeyouwanttostayinsideandavoidthecold,keepthesebenefitsinmindandconsidergettingoutsideforafewminutes!A.Ithelpsyousleep.B.Itraiseshealthawareness.C.Thus,thecentralnervoussystemcanperformatincreasedlevels.D.Coldweatherexposureisahelpfulcontributiontoourwell-being.E.Theyareimportantforcontrollingbodytemperaturebyproducingheat.F.Coldweathercanbegoodforkeepingourskinlookingandfeelinghealthy.G.Whileitmakesuswanttostayindoors,coldweatherhassomemajorbenefits.【答案】16.G17.C18.E19.A20.F【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了寒冷天氣的一些好處?！?6題詳析】根據上文“There’snodoubtaboutit—coldweathercanbeprettyunpleasant.(毫無疑問，寒冷的天氣會讓人很不舒服。)”以及后文“Soifyou’refeelingdownaboutthecoldtemperaturesoutside,readonforafewreasonstobehappyaboutthem!(所以，如果你對外面的寒冷天氣感到沮喪，那就往下讀，看看有什么理由讓你開心起來吧！)”可知，后文提到了寒冷的天氣也有理由開心，說明寒冷的天氣也有好處。故G選項“雖然它使我們想呆在室內，但寒冷的天氣也有一些主要的好處”符合語境，故選G。【17題詳析】根據上文“Itboostsyourbrain.Coldtemperaturescanexciteyourbrain,allowingimprovedfocusandgreaterclarityofthought.Thecoldclimateincreasesoxygenflowtothebrain.(它能增強你的大腦。低溫可以刺激你的大腦，讓你的注意力更集中，思維更清晰。寒冷的氣候增加了大腦的氧氣流量。)”可知，本句與上文構成因果關系，指出寒冷的氣候增加了大腦的氧氣流量所帶來的積極影響。故C選項“因此，中樞神經系統(tǒng)可以在更高的水平上工作?！狈险Z境，故選C?！?8題詳析】根據上文“Itincreasesbrownfatcontent.Coldweatherhastheuniqueabilitytoincreasethenumberofbrownfatcells.(它增加棕色脂肪的含量。寒冷的天氣有增加棕色脂肪細胞數量的獨特能力。)”以及后文“Notonlydotheyhelpusstaycomfortablywarmincoldtemperatures,buttheymayalsoevenpromoteweightlossovertime.(它們不僅能幫助我們在寒冷的天氣里保持舒適溫暖，而且隨著時間的推移，它們甚至還能促進減肥。)”可知，本句承接上文，解釋棕色脂肪細胞的作用，E選項中They指代上文brownfatcells。故E選項“它們通過產生熱量對控制體溫很重要?！狈险Z境，故選E?！?9題詳析】根據本段內容“Incoldweather,anevenbodytemperaturecanbebeneficialforagoodnight’srest.Asourbodiestrytokeepwarmwhenit’s‘coldout,bloodvesselsgetnarrowerandhelpcontrolyoursleeptemperatureforamorerelaxedandrestfulsleep.Peoplesleepingincolderenvironmentsgenerallywakeupfeelingmorerefreshedthanthosesleepinginwarmertemperatures.(在寒冷的天氣里，穩(wěn)定的體溫有助于晚上睡個好覺。當外面很冷的時候，我們的身體會試圖保持溫暖，血管會變窄，幫助控制你的睡眠溫度，從而獲得更放松、更安寧的睡眠。睡在寒冷環(huán)境中的人醒來時通常比睡在溫暖環(huán)境中的人更神清氣爽。)”可知，本段的主旨是寒冷的天氣有助于睡眠。故A選項“它有助于睡眠?！狈险Z境，故選A?！?0題詳析】根據后文“Lowtemperaturesforceustodresswarmlyagainstthecold,leadingtoprotectionagainstenvironmentalaspectsthatwouldotherwiseremovewaterfromourskin.(低溫迫使我們穿上暖和的衣服來抵御寒冷，從而保護我們免受環(huán)境因素的影響，否則會使皮膚失去水分。)”可知，后文提到低溫會避免皮膚失去水分，即寒冷天氣對皮膚有好處。故F選項“寒冷的天氣可以使我們的皮膚看起來和感覺健康?！狈险Z境，故選F。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Afterbringingupthreechildren,Barthorpedecidedtodosomethingforherself.Sheplannedto____21____herselfbylearningtorideamotorcycleattheageof60.Afterpassingherdrivingtest,shesoon____22____onherfirstsolo(單獨的)ride.Sherememberedthe____23____ofbeingontheroadaloneforthefirsttime.AlthoughBarthorpepreferredridingsolo,shecontactedtheWomen’sInternationalMotorcycleAssociation(WIMA)inthehopeof____24____it.ItwastheconnectionwiththeWIMAthatledhertoa(n)____25____—theWomenRidersWorldRelay.Theplanwastopassabaton(接力棒),ridertorider,allaroundtheworld.Thatwasatestoftheriders’courageand____26____.ButjustafterBarthorpetookontherole,she____27____felldownandgotinjured.Shespentseveralmonthsinhospital.However,Barthorpedidn’tseeitasa____28____experience.Sheknewthatshemustpaymuchattentionto____29____first.Gettingonamotoreycleagainwas______30______,butBarthorpetookextratrainingand______31______alot.AndshepushedherselftotakepartintheraceinAustralia.Barthorpethenrealizedthatitwasnormalto______32______andrisetoit,whichofferedanopportunitytogrow.WhatattractsBarthorpemosttoamotorcycleisthe______33______.“IcangoanywhereIwantandanytimeIlike,”shesaid.“Thekidssaidtome,‘Mum,youseemtohaveturnedintoa______34______teenager.’Ijusttoldthem,‘No,I’vejustfoundthefieldwhereIcanseemy______35______.’”21.A.protect B.express C.challenge D.educate22.A.setout B.caughtup C.calmeddown D.showedoff23.A.duty B.excitement C.risk D.struggle24.A.interviewing B.encouraging C.impressing D.joining25.A.lesson B.record C.adventure D.experiment26.A.teamwork B.friendship C.understanding D.memory27.A.slowly B.strangely C.purposely D.accidentally28.A.discouraging B.common C.practical D.pleasant29.A.honor B.safety C.experience D.interest30.A.doubtful B.peaceful C.stressful D.meaningful31.A.lost B.expected C.noticed D.improved32.A.fail B.recover C.wait D.reply33.A.performance B.competition C.freedom D.independence34.A.careful B.friendly C.serious D.brave35.A.choice B.value C.habit D.effort【答案】21.C22.A23.B24.D25.C26.A27.D28.A29.B30.C31.D32.A33.C34.D35.B【語篇解讀】本文為一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了JillBarthorpe在60歲時學習騎摩托車、加入國際女性摩托車協(xié)會以及參加世界女騎手接力賽的經歷?！?1題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她計劃在60歲時學習騎摩托車來挑戰(zhàn)自己。A.protect保護；B.express表達；C.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；D.educate教育。根據下文“bylearningtorideamotorcycleattheageof60”以及常理可知，60歲時學習騎摩托車是對自己的挑戰(zhàn)。故選C?！?2題詳析】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：通過駕駛考試后，她很快就開始了她的第一次單人駕駛。A.setout出發(fā)；B.caughtup追趕；C.calmeddown冷靜；D.showedoff炫耀。根據空前“Afterpassingherdrivingtest”以及空后的“herfirstsolo(單獨的)ride”可知，通過駕駛考試后，她開始了第一次單人駕駛。故選A?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她還記得第一次獨自上路時的興奮。A.duty職責；B.excitement興奮；C.risk風險；D.struggle奮斗。根據上文“Afterbringingupthreechildren,Barthorpedecidedtodosomethingforherself.Sheplannedto________herselfbylearningtorideamotorcycleattheageof60.”可推測，騎摩托車是她一直想做的事情；由此可推測，第一次獨自上路時，她應該是感到興奮。故選B。【24題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管Barthorpe更喜歡獨自騎行，但她還是聯系了國際女子摩托車協(xié)會(WIMA)，希望加入該協(xié)會。A.interviewing采訪、面試；B.encouraging鼓勵；C.impressing使……印象深刻；D.joining加入。根據上文“shecontactedtheWomen’sInternationalMotorcycleAssociation(WIMA)”以及下文她得到的任務可知，她是希望加入該協(xié)會。故選D?！?5題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：正是與WIMA的聯系，讓她開始了一場冒險——女騎手世界接力賽。A.lesson課程、教訓；B.record記錄；C.adventure冒險、探險；D.experiment實驗。根據下文“Theplanwastopassabaton(接力棒),ridertorider,allaroundtheworld.Thatwasatestoftheriders’courageand________.”可知，這對于她這個新手而言是一場冒險。故選C。【26題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這是對騎手們的勇氣和團隊精神的考驗。A.teamwork合作；B.friendship友誼；C.understanding理解；D.memory記憶。根據上文“Theplanwastopassabaton(接力棒),ridertorider,allaroundtheworld.”可知，這項任務需要一棒棒傳遞下去，所以是對團隊合作的考驗。故選A?！?7題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：就在Barthorpe接下這個角色后，她意外摔倒受傷了。A.slowly緩慢地；B.strangely奇怪地；C.purposely故意地；D.accidentally意外地。根據空后“felldownandgotinjured”以及她康復后繼續(xù)參加可知，她是意外摔倒受傷的。故選D。【28題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，Barthorpe并不認為這是一次令人沮喪的經歷。A.discouraging令人沮喪的；B.common普通的；C.practical實用的；D.pleasant舒適的。根據常理可知，此時摔倒受傷是令人沮喪的；而根據段首“However”以及下文她的感觸可知，她并不認為這件事令人沮喪。故選A。【29題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她知道她必須把安全放在第一位。A.honor榮耀；B.safety安全；C.experience經歷、經驗；D.interest興趣。根據上文“ButjustafterBarthorpetookontherole,she________felldownandgotinjured.”可知，剛接手任務不久，她就受傷了，所以她由此應該開始重視安全。故選B。【30題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：再次騎上摩托車是一件壓力很大的事情，但Barthorpe接受了額外的訓練，進步了很多。A.doubtful懷疑的；B.peaceful平和的；C.stressful有壓力的；D.meaningful有意義的。根據上文可知，她不小心受傷了，由此可知，當她恢復后，再次騎摩托車從心理上來說是有壓力的。故選C?！?1題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：再次騎上摩托車是一件壓力很大的事情，但Barthorpe接受了額外的訓練，進步了很多。A.lost失去；B.expected期待；C.noticed注意；D.improved提升。根據上文“Barthorpetookextratraining”可知，得到訓練后，她應該是進步了很多。故選D?！?2題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Barthorpe后來意識到，失敗是正常的，并勇于面對失敗，這提供了一個成長的機會。A.fail失敗；B.recover恢復；C.wait等待；D.reply回復。根據上文內容以及空后的“risetoit,whichofferedanopportunitytogrow”可知，Barthorpe意識到失敗是很正常的，因為失敗可以讓我們成長。故選A?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：最吸引Barthorpe的是摩托車的自由。A.performance表現；B.competition競爭；C.freedom自由；D.independence獨立。根據下文“IcangoanywhereIwantandanytimeIlike”可知，對她而言，騎摩托車是自由的，可以隨時去自己想去的地方。故選C?！?4題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：“孩子們對我說，‘媽媽，你似乎變成了一個勇敢的少女。’我只是告訴他們，‘不，我只是找到了一個能讓我看到自己價值的領域。’”A.careful仔細的、謹慎的；B.friendly友好的；C.serious嚴重的；D.brave勇敢的。根據全文內容以及空后的“teenager”可知，60歲時Barthorpe學習騎摩托車，之后參加比賽，孩子們是認為媽媽似乎變成了一個勇敢的少女。故選D?！?5題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“孩子們對我說，‘媽媽，你似乎變成了一個勇敢的少年?！抑皇歉嬖V他們，‘不，我只是找到了一個能讓我看到自己價值的領域?！盇.choice選擇；B.value價值；C.habit習慣；D.effort努力。根據上文“Afterbringingupthreechildren,Barthorpedecidedtodosomethingforherself.”以及全文內容可知，Barthorpe認為騎摩托車可以看到自己的價值所在。故選B。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。ThetraditionalChineselunarcalendardividestheyear____36____24solarterms.WinterSolstice(冬至)comesasthe22ndsolartermoftheyear.OnthefirstdayoftheWinterSolstice,theNorthernHemisphereexperiencesthe____37____(short)dayandthelongestnightintheyear,asthesunshinesdirectlyattheTropicofCapricorn(南回歸線).Fromthenon,thedaysbecomelongerandthenightsbecomeshorter.TheWinterSolsticealsomarksthe____38____(arrive)ofthecoldestseasonintheyear.Therewas____39____sayinginancientChina,“TheWinterSolsticeisasimportantastheSpringFestival.”AsearlyastheZhouDynasty,greatevents____40____(hold)onthedayoftheWinterSolstice,____41____wasalsoconsideredthefirstdayofthenewyear.TheWinterSolsticebecameawinterfestivalduringtheHanDynasty.Thecelebratoryactivitieswere____42____(official)organized.Onthisday,bothofficialsandordinarypeoplewouldhavearest.Duringthefollowingdynasties,suchastheTang,SongandQingdynasties,duringtheWinterSolstice,itwasalsocommonforpeople____43____(offer)sacrifices(祭品)toancestors.In