高中英語：閱讀理解

閱讀理解“寫作手法”題

1.（2020年浙江卷C篇）29題

2.（2016年四川卷D篇）35題

【解題實用技法】

一、設(shè)問方式

l.Howisthepassageorganized?

2.Theauthordevelopsthepassagemainlyby.

二、實用妙招

高考閱讀理解主要考查下定義、分類說明、列舉例證和對比等寫作手法。其中“引用”和“例證”是

議論文和說明文中最常用的寫作手法之一,其共同F(xiàn)I的就是增強說服力，服務(wù)于段落或篇章的主旨。

1.根據(jù)文章穎材來判斷。

①記敘文多采取以時間為序、以空間為序、以故事情節(jié)發(fā)展為序等敘事方式進行寫作。

②說明文往往采取下定義、舉例子、列數(shù)字、對比等方式使說明更清晰或更具說服力。

③議論文大多通過舉例子、列數(shù)字、引名言、作對比是使得觀點更可信，更有權(quán)威性。

2.根據(jù)“原文定位”來判斷。

先根據(jù)題干判斷是具體某段還是全文寫作手法，然后尋找標(biāo)志詞，進而找到答案。

①bygivingexamples通過舉例。標(biāo)志詞:forexample,forinstance

②byanalyzingcauses通過分析原因。標(biāo)志詞：asaresult/consequence

③bygivingdefiniiions通過下定義。標(biāo)，志詞：【haiisiosay

④bylistingdata/statistics通過列數(shù)字。標(biāo)志詞：具體數(shù)字

@bydescribingaprocess通過描述過程。標(biāo)志詞：first,second,third,finally

⑥byfollowingtimeorder遵循時間順序。標(biāo)志詞：in1920,inthe1940s,nowadays

⑦bymakingcomparisons/contrast通過對比。標(biāo)志詞：but,while,

⑧bymakingclassifications通過分類。標(biāo)志詞：first,next,then

⑨byanalyzingcauseandelTec【通過分析因果。標(biāo)志詞：Thalisbecause-.

⑩byfollowingspaceorder■遵循空間順序。標(biāo)志詞:由近及遠,由外到內(nèi)

【高考真題再練】

L（2020年浙汀卷C篇）29題

Challengingworkthatrequireslotsofanalyticalthinking,planningandothermanagerialskillsmighthelpyour

brainslaysharpasyouage,astudypublishedWednesdayinthejournalNeurologysuggests.

ResearchersfromtheUniversityofLeipziginGermanygatheredmorethan1,000retiredworkerswhowere

overage75andassessedthevolunteers'memoryandthinkingskillstliroughabatteryoftests.Then,foreightyears,

thescientistsasked（hesamegroupiocomebackto（helabeveryi8monthstolakethesamesortsoftests.

Thosewhohadheldmentallystimulating（刺激）,demandingjobsbeforeretirementtendedtodothebestonthe

tests.Andtheytendedtolosecognitive（認知）functionatamuchslowerratethanthosewiththeleastmentally

challengingjobs.Theresultsheldtaicevenafterthescientistsaccountedfortheparticipants'overallhealthstatus.

“Thisworksjustlikephysicalexercise,''saysFranciscaThen,wholedthestudy.44Afteralongrun,youmay

feellikeyou'reinpain,youmayfeeltired.Butitmakesyoufit.Afteralongdayatwork-sure,youwillfeeltired,but

itcanhelpyourbrainstayhealthy."

It'snotjustcorporatejobs,orevenpaidworkthatcanhelpkeepyourbrainfit.Thenpointsout.Awaiter'sjob,

forexample,thatrequiresmultitasking,teamworkanddecision-makingcouldbejustasstimulatingasany

high-levelofficework.And“runningafamilyhouseholdrequireshigh-levelplanningandcoordinating（協(xié)調(diào)）,“she

says."Youhavetoorganizetheactivitiesofthechildrenandtakecareofthebillsandgroceries.

Ofcourse,ourbrainscandeclineaswegrowolderforlotsofrcasons-includingotherenvironmentalinfluences

orgeneticfactors.Still,continuingiochallengeyourselfmentallyandkeepingyourmindbusycanonlyhelp.

28.Whydidthescientistsaskthevolunteerstolakethetests?

A.Toassesstheirhealthstatus.B.Toevaluatetheirworkhabits.

C.lbanalyzetheirpersonality.D.Tomeasuretheirmentalability.

29.HowdoesFranciscaThenexplainherfindingsinparagraph4?

A.Byusinganexpert'swords.B.Bymakingacomparison.

C.Byreferringtoanotherstudy.D.Byintroducingaconcept.

30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.RetiredWorkersCanPickUpNewSkills

B.OldPeopleShouldTakeChallengingJobs

C.YoiirToughJobMightHelpKeepYouSharp

D.CognitiveFunctionMayDeclineAsYouAge

【答案】28.D29.B30.C

【分析】這是一篇說明文?！渡窠?jīng)病學(xué)》雜志發(fā)布的一則研究顯示，需要大量的分析思考、細致規(guī)劃和其

他管理技能有挑戰(zhàn)性的工作，有可能會幫助你的大腦隨著年齡的增長而保持敏銳。

28.Do細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二一句“ResearchersfromtheUniversityofLeipziginGermanygathered

morethan1,000retiredworkerswhowereoverage75andassessedthevolunteers'memoryandthinking

skillsthroughabatteryoftests.（來自德國萊比錫大學(xué)的研究人員召集了1000多名75歲以上的退休老人，

并通過一系列的測試對他們的記憶力和思維能力進行了評估。戶可知，科學(xué)家讓志愿者做測試是為了測試

他們的心智能力。故選

29.Bo推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中FranciscaThen說的話“Thisworksjustlikephysicalexercise,（這就像

體育鍛煉一樣有效。）”及接下來進一步的解釋“長跑后人就會感到痛苦和疲憊，但它確實能強身健體。工

作一天下來會感到勞累，但這也使你的大腦處于健康狀態(tài)”可知，F(xiàn)ranciscaThen是通過與“身體鍛煉”作

比較來解釋他的發(fā)現(xiàn)的。

30,C0主旨大意題。第一段“Challengingworkthatrequireslotsofanalyticalthinking,planningandother

managerialskillsmighthelpyourbrainstaysharpasyouage（需要大量的分析思考、細致規(guī)劃和其他管理

技能有挑戰(zhàn)性的工作，有可能會幫助你的大腦隨著年齡的增長而保持敏銳。廣是本文的主題句，結(jié)合全文

內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述了有挑戰(zhàn)性的工作可能會使大腦保持敏捷，所以C項“困難的工作可能有助于大

腦保持敏捷”適合作本文標(biāo)題。

2.（2016年四川卷D篇）35題

Awarmdrinkofmilkbeforebedhaslongbeenthebestchoicefbrthosewantingagoodnight'ssleep.But

nowastudyhasfounditreallydocshelppeoplenodoff-ifitismilkedfromacowatnight.

Researchershavediscoveredthat“nightmilk“containsmoremelatonin（褪黑激素），whichhasbeenproven

lohelppeoplefeelsleepyandreduceanxiety.

Thestudy,byresearchersfromSeoul,SouthKorea,involvedmicebeingfedwithdriedmilkpowdermade

fromcowsmilkedbothduringthedayandatnight.

Thosegivennightmilk,whichcontained1（）timestheamountofmelatonin,werelessactiveandlessanxious

than（hosefedwith（hemilkcollectedduringdaytime,accordingtothestudypublishedinTheJournalof

MedicinalFood.

Nightmilkquickenedthestartofsleepandcausedthemicetosleeplonger.

Whiletheeffectofcows'milkharvestedatdifferenttimehasnotbeentestedonhumansuptonow,taking

melatonindrugshasbeensuggestedtothosewhoarestrugglingtofallasleepatnight.

Previousstudieshavealsoindicatedthatmilkcanbeexcellentforhelpingsleepbecauseofthecalcium

content,whichhelpspeopletorelax.

Milkisalsosugar-freeandadditive-freewithnutritionistsrecommendingskimmedmilkasth?bestchoice

beforebedasitistheleastfattening.Themorefatyoutakeinbeforebedtime,thegreaterburdenycuwillputon

yourbodyatnight.

32.Accordingtothetext,themicefedwithdaytimemilk.

A.startedsleepmoreeasilyB.weremoreanxious

C.werelessactiveD.wokeuplater

33.Whichofthefollowingistrueofmelatoninaccordingtothetext?

A.It'sbeentestedonmicefbrtentimes.B.Itcanmakepeoplemoreenergetic.

C.Itexistsinmilkingreatamount.D.It'susedinsleepingdrugs.

34.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.NiglilMilkandSleepB.Fai,SugarandHcallli

C.AnExperimentonMiceD.MilkDrinkingandHealth

35.Howdoestheauthorsupportthethemeofthetext?

A.Bygivingexamples.B.Bystatingarguments.

C.Byexplainingstatisticaldata.D.Byprovidingresearchresults.

【答案】32.B33.D34.A35.D

【分析】本文是說明文。文章主要闡述了夜間產(chǎn)出的牛奶和睡眠之間的關(guān)系，夜間產(chǎn)出的牛奶有助于睡眠。

32.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“Thosegivennightmilk,whichcontained10timestheamountof

melatonin,werelessactiveandlessanxiousthanthosefedwiththemilkcollectedduringdaytime,

accordingtnthestudypublishedinTheJournalofMedicinalFcnd."（這項發(fā)表在TheJournalnfMedicinal

Food上的研究顯示，與那些喝白天收集的牛奶的老鼠相比，那些喝晚上收集的牛奶的老鼠活動更少，焦

慮也更少，夜晚收集的牛奶含有的褪黑激素是白天收集的牛奶的10倍。）可知，與那些喝白天收集的牛奶

的老鼠相比，那些喝晚上收集的牛奶的老鼠活動更少，焦慮也更少，換句話說，喝白天收集的牛奶的老鼠

比喝晚上收集的牛奶的老鼠更活躍，也更焦慮。故選B。

33.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中"takingmelatonindrugshasbeenusedtothosewhoarestrugglingto

fallasleepatnight"（服用褪黑激素藥物已用于那些晚上難以入睡的人）可知，褪黑激素藥物是用來幫助

失眠的人入睡的。由此可推斷出，褪黑激素已經(jīng)被用于安眠藥中。故選D。

34.主.旨大意題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容及第一nowastudyhasfounditreallydoeshelppeoplenodoff—if

itismilkedfromacowatnight."（但現(xiàn)在一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果在晚上從奶牛身上擠牛奶，它確實能幫助人

們打瞌睡。）可知，文章主要講的是夜間產(chǎn)出的牛奶和睡眠之間的關(guān)系，夜間產(chǎn)出的牛奶有助于睡眠?！癗ight

MilkandSleep”意為“夜間牛奶和睡眠％能夠概括文章主旨。故選A。

35.推理判斷題。題目需要我們判斷作者是如何支持文章的主題的。文章第二段中引用了“TheJournalof

MedicinalFood”發(fā)表的研究報告。文章倒數(shù)第二段中“Previousstudieshavealsoindicatedthatmilkcanbe

excellentforhelpingsleepbecauseofthecalciumcontent,whichhelpspeopletorelax.**（先前的研究也表明,

牛奶對幫助睡眠很有效，因為它含有幫助人們放松的鈣質(zhì)。）引用了先前的研究結(jié)論。由此可推斷出，作

者是通過提供研究成果來支持文章的主題的。故選D。

【名校好題強化】

（23-24上?鎮(zhèn)江?期中）Anauthorwithcerebralpalsy（腦癱）whofulfilledhisdreamofwritingachildren's

booksaidhehopeditcouldhelpyoungpeople“bethemselves”.

GavinCliftonwroteMaxandtheMagicWish,aboutaboywithcerebralpalsywhowishestobelikeother

childrenbeforestartingschool.

CliftonwantedtoconveythemessagethatitisOKforchildrentobedifferent.Cliftonwasexpectedtonever

walk,talkorgotomainstreamschoolduetohiscondition.Cliftonrowwalksanddrivesandcanspeakthrougha

specialistmachine.

Hesaidhewantedtoshowotherswhatpeoplewithdisabilitiescando,“Thepersonyoubecorr；eisthemost

importantthingbecauseyoulearntoadaptyourlifeinyourownway.AndIwanttoshowchildrenandothers

withdisabilitiesthatbeingyourselfisalwaysthebestthattheyshoulddo.Ithasalwaysbeenadreamofmineto

writeachildren'sbookandifIcaneducatemorepeopleandinspirethemwhilstmakingadifferencetotheirlives,

Iwouldbesohappy.Itwouldbemybiggestachievementyet.”

Cliftonsaidhewantedittogoagainst“keyboardwamors^^searchingforpeoplewithdisabilitiesonsocial

media.4ihavesuficicdabuseGumkcybuaidwauiuismyselfbutthebestadviceIcangiveisluncvcibileback

andletgoofallthehorriblecommentsandletthemgooveryourhead.”

Theauthor'sfatherMartinCliftonsaid,“Thedoctorsaidhewouldneverwalkortalkbecauseofhiscerebral

palsythatafleetsonesideofhisbody.Iamsoproudofhim.^^

IllustratorandpublisherofClifton'sbook,ClareThomas,saidworkingwithhimwas“anabsolutehonour”.

Shesaid,“Hedoesn,tletanythingstandinhisway.”

1.Howisthethirdparagraphdeveloped?

A.Bydescribingaprocess.B.Byanalyzingcauses.

C.Bygivinganexample.D.Byfollowingtimeorder.

7.Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?

A.ThemotivationbehindClifton'swritingabook.

B.ThereasonfbrGavinClifton'srecovery.

C.ThemaincharacterofGavinClifton'sbook.

D.ThecauseofGavinClifton'sillness.

3.HowdoesCliftonrespondtokeyboardwarriors?

A.Heasksfriendsforhelp.B.Heignorestheirevilwords.

C.Hebitesbackkeyboardwarriors.D.Heacceptsthehorriblecomments.

4.WhydidClareThomasfeelhonoredtoworkwithGavinClifton?

A.BecauseGavinCliftonenjoyedahighsocialstatus.

B.BecauseGavinCliftonwasamanwithdisabilities.

C.BecauseGavinCliftonbroughtmuchconfidencetoClareThomas.

D.BecauseGavinCliftimpressedClareThomaswithhisperseverance.

【答案】1.C2,A3.B4.D

【導(dǎo)語】本文是新聞報道。文章主要講述腦癱作家加文?克利夫頓（GavinClifton）實現(xiàn)了寫一本兒童書的

夢想的故事。

1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“CliftonwantedtoconveythemessagethatitisOKforchildrentobedifferent.

Cliftonwasexpectedtoneverwalk,talkorgotomainstreamschoolduetohiscondition.Cliftonnowwalks

anddrivesandcanspeakthroughaspecialistmachine.（克利夫頓想傳達這樣一個信息：孩子們與眾不同是

可以的。由于克利夫頓的身體狀況，人們預(yù)計他永遠不會走路、說話或上主流學(xué)校?？死蝾D現(xiàn)在可以走

路、開車，還可以通過專業(yè)機器說話。廣可知，這一段用克利夫頓為例子來說明孩子們與眾不同是可以的。

故選C。

2.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“Hesaidhewantedtoshowotherswhatpeoplewithdisabilitiescando,“The

personyoubecomeisthemostimportantthingbecauseyoulearntoadaptyourlifeinyourownway.AndI

wanttoshowchildrenandotherswithdisabilitiesthatbeingyourselfisalwaysthebestthattheyshoulddo.

Ithasalwaysbeenadrcamofminetowriteachildren'sbookandifIcaneducatemorepeopleandinspire

themwhilstmakingadifferencetotheirlives,Iwouldbesohappy.Itwouldbemybiggestachievement

yet.”（他說，他想向其他人展示殘疾人的能力，“你成為的人是最重要的，因為你學(xué)會了以自己的方式適應(yīng)

自己的生活。我想向殘疾兒童和其他人展示，做自己永遠是他們應(yīng)該做的最好的事。寫一本兒童讀物一直

是我的夢想，如果我能教育更多的人，激勵他們，同時改變他們的生活，我會很高興。這將是我迄今為止

最大的成就?？芍?，這一段主要講述克利夫頓寫書的動力。故選A。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Cliflonsaidhewantedi（togoagainst^keyboardwarriors"searchingfor

peoplewithdisabilitiesonsocialmedia.havesufferedabusefromkeyboardwarriorsmyselfbutthebest

adviceIcangiveistoneverbitebackandletgoofallthehorriblecommentsandletthemgooveryour

head.”（克利夫頓說，他希望這與在社交媒體上尋找殘疾人的“鍵盤俠”背道而馳?！拔易约阂苍馐苓^鍵盤俠

的虐待，但我能給出的最好建議是，永遠不要反咬回去，讓所有可怕的評論都隨它吧，讓它們越過你的頭

頂，可知，克利夫頓忽略了所有鍵盤俠們可怕的評論。故選B。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"IllustratorandpublisherofClifton'sbook,ClareThomas,saidworking

withhimwas"anabsolutehonour”.Shesaid,“Hedoesn'tletanythingstandinhisway.”（克利夫頓書的插

圖畫家兼出版商克萊爾?托馬斯表示，與他合作是“一種絕對的榮譽”。她說：“他不讓任何事情妨礙他?！碑a(chǎn)

可知，克萊爾?托馬斯很榮幸能與加文?克利夫頓共事是因為他的毅力給托馬斯留下了深刻的印象C故選

（22-23上?牡丹江?期中）Eachyearmorethan2,500peopledieandI2,6（X）areinjuredinhomefiresjustinthe

UnitedStates,withdirectpropertylossbecauseofhomefiresatabout$7.3billion.EverydayAmericans

experiencethehorroroffires,butmostpeopledon'tunderstandfires.

Toprotectyourself,itisimporanttolearnsomethingabouthomefires.

Inlessthan30secondsasmallflame（火焰）cangetcompletelyoutofcontrolandturnintoamajorfire.It

onlytakesminutesforthickblacksmoketofillahouseorforittobeinflames.Mostdeadlyfireshappeninthe

homewhenpeoplearcasleep.Ifyourealizeafire,youwon'thavetimetotakevaluablesbecausethefirespreads

tooquicklyandthesmokeistoothick.Thefireusesuptheoxygenyouneedandproducessmokeandpoisonous

（有毒的）gases.Breathingevensmallamountsofsmokeandpoisonousgasescanmakeyoutiredandsleepy,and

shortofbreath.Thesmokecancauseyoutobeadeepsleeperbeforetheflamesreachyourdoor.Youmaynot

wakeupintimetoescape.

Roomtemperaturesinafirecanbe100degreesatfloorlevelandriseto6（X）degreesateyelevel.Breathing

inthissuper-hotairwillburnyourlungs.Itcanmeit（熔化）clothestoyourskin.Infiveminutes,aroomcanget

sohotthateverythinginitstartstoburnatonce.

Firesarebrightatfirst,butquicklyproduceblacksmokeandcompletedarkness.Ifyouwakeuptoafireyou

maybeblinded,confusedaboutwhereyouareorwhichdirectionyoushouldgoinandunabletofindyourway

aroundthehomeyou'velivedinforyears.Onlywhenweknowthetruenatureoffirescanweprepareour

familiesandourselves.

5.Howdoesthefirstparagraphdevelop?

A.Byraisingquestions.B.Bylistingreasons.

C.Byexpressingopinions.D.Bygivingexamples.

6.Whatcanweinferfromthethirdparagraph?

A.Itisnecessarytoescapeintime.

B.Itisimportanttofindpoisonousgases.

C.Itisimpossibletokeepawayfromsmoke.

D.Itisdangeroustostayawayfromthedoor.

7.Howdoesblacksmoketroubleus?

A.Causingustofeelhopeless.B.Makingourfacesturnblack.

C.Gettingustoloseourways.D.Forcingustowalkaroundthehome.

8.Whatdoesthetextmainlytellus?

A.Diffciciilpioccsscsufliumcfiles.

B.Somebasicknowledgeofhomefires.

C.GreatdamageofhomefiresintheUSA.

D.Somegoodways（opreventhomefires.

【答案】5.D6.A7.C8.B

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講述了一些關(guān)于家庭火災(zāi)的信息，只有了解火災(zāi)的本質(zhì)才有可能做好準

備,

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Eachyearmorethan2,500peopledieand12,600areinjuredinhome

firesjustintheUnitedStates,withdirectpropertylossbecauseofhomefiresatabout$7.3billion.（僅在美

國.每年就有250（）多人在家庭火災(zāi)中死亡，126（）。人受傷，房屋火災(zāi)造成的直接財產(chǎn)損失約為73億美元.）”

可知，第一段列舉了美國家庭火災(zāi)造成的損傷情況，進而引出接下來的主題。故選D。

6.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的"Inlessthan30secondsasmallflame（火焰）cangetcompletelyoutof

controlandturnintoamajorfire.Itonlytakesminutesforthickblacksmoketofillahouseorforittobe

inflamed在不到30秒的時間里，一個小火焰可以完全失控，變成大火。濃濃的黑煙只需要幾分鐘就可以

充滿一所房子或讓它著火。）”和"Ifyourealizeafire,youwon"havetimetotakevaluablesbecausethefire

spreadstooquicklyandthesmokeistoothick.（如果你意識到發(fā)生了火災(zāi)，你將沒有時間拿走貴重物品，因

為火災(zāi)蔓延得太快，煙騾太濃?！嚎芍?，小火和濃煙能在很短的時間里就變成大火，由于火災(zāi)蔓延太快，

發(fā)生火災(zāi)時是來不及拿走貴重物品的，由此可推測出，在發(fā)生火災(zāi)時，有必要及時逃離現(xiàn)場。故選A。

7.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Firesarebrightatfirst,butquicklyproduceblacksmokeandcomplete

darkness.Ifyouwakeuptoafireyoumaybeblinded,confusedaboutwhereyouareorwhichdirection

youshouldgoinandunabletofindyourwayaroundthehomeyou'velivedinforyears.（火起初是明亮的，

但很快就會產(chǎn)生黑煙和造成完全的黑暗。如果你在火災(zāi)中醒來，你可能會失明，不知道自己在哪里或應(yīng)該

朝哪個方向走，在你住了多年的家里找不到路。）”可知，黑煙會讓我們迷路。故選C。

8.主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第二段“Toprotectyourself,itisimportanttolearnsomethingabout

homefires.（為了保護自己，了解一些關(guān)于家庭火災(zāi)的知識是很重要的。）”可知，第二段承上啟下，引出了

接下來講述的關(guān)于家庭火災(zāi)的知識，并在最后一段最后一句"Onlywhenweknowthetruenatureoffires

canweprepareourfamiliesandourselves.（只有當(dāng)我們知道火災(zāi)的真實本質(zhì)時，我們才能為我們的家人和

我們自己做好準備。廣呼應(yīng)前文，告訴我們只有了解家庭火災(zāi)的真實本質(zhì)才能做好準備。由此可推測出，

本文主要講述的是一些關(guān)于家庭火災(zāi)的基礎(chǔ)知識。故選B。

（1819?重慶?二模）Nowadays,wecanreadalmostall“truths“onsocialmediasites.Butaretheyreally

reliable?SitessuchasthemicromessagingserviceTwitter,thesocialnetworkingsiteFacebookandthe

photo-sharingappInstagrammight“misrepresenttherealworld/'accordingtoastudybycomputerscientists

fromMcGillUniversityandCarnegieMellonUniversity.

Thescientistswarnthatgatheringinformationaboutpublicviewsandtrendsfromthesesitesisunwise.

Therearestilllargepartsofthepopulationwhodonottakepartinsocialmediaactivities.Also,there'sariskthat

manysocialmediausersareunder-represented.Instagram,forexample,appealstoyoungeradultsinurbanareas

whilePinterestisusedmainlybyfemalesaged25to34.Andonly5percentofTwitterusersareover65yearsold,

accordinglothestudy.

However,thisisnottheonlyissue,accordingtothescientificteam.Thedesignofawebsitecaninfluence

howpeoplebehaveonline,creatingwhattheresearcherscall“Internetbias.^^Forexample,micro-bloggingsites

suchasVVeiboplumule“popultu”sluiics.Ilsaveslimeforbunic,bulilalsolimitsicadcis'cliuiccofwlia（theysee.

Intheend,manypeopleopenthosestoriesandmakethemmore“popular."Butit'snotbecausetheychoosethose

stories.Rather,itisbecausethecontentisrightinfrontofthem.

Besides,it'spossiblethatnoteveryoneonyoursocialnetworksisreal.Theremightactuallybeafewfake

accountsamongthem.Fake“bots"pretendtobehumanandareoftenincludedwhenmeasuringorpredicting

humanbehaviorsonline.

Thefindingsmightbemoreimportantthanyouwouldthink,sincemanysocialmediastudies“areusedto

informandjustifydecisionsandinvestmentsamongthepublicandinindustryandgovernment,“saidDerek

Ruths,assistantProfessoratMcGill'sSchoolofComputerScience.

Iftheteamisright,youmighthavetothinkcarcfiillythenexttimeyousay,"It'stme,youknow;Ireaditon

Weibo.”

9.WhydoestheauthormentionTwitter;FacebookandInstagram?

A.Becausetheyarethebestsocialmediasitestoday.

B.Becausetheyarenotinfavorofthecurrentstudy.

C.Becausethepublicaresharingtruthsonthesesites.

D.Becauseinformationonthesesitesmaynotbereliable.

10.Howisthepassagedeveloped?

A.Bygivingexamples.B.Bymakingcomparisons.

C.Bydividingintogroups.D.Byanalyzingcauseandeffect.

11.Whichwordcanbestdescribetheauthor'sattitudetowardinfonrationonsocialmediasites?

A.Ambiguous.B.Favorable.

C.Disagreeable.D.Cautious

12.What'stheaulhor'smainpurposeinwritingthepassage?

A.Toanalyzewhyinformationgatheredfromsocialmediasitesmaynotbetrustworthy.

B.Toremindreadersofthingstheyshouldwatchoutforwhenusingsocialmedia.

C.lbpointouttheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofsocialmedia.

D.Torecommendpopularsocialnetworkingsitesforreaders.

【答案】9.D10.D11.D12.B

【分析】本文是一篇議論文。這篇文章主要闡述了在社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)所接觸到的信息，我們需要謹慎小心去鑒別

其真?zhèn)危髡咛嵝炎x者在使用社交媒體時需要注意的事情。

9.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的SitessuchasthemicromessagingserviceTwitter,thesocialnetworkingsite

Facebookandthephoto-sharingappInstagrammight^misrepresenttherealworld,”（微信服務(wù)Twitter>

社交網(wǎng)站Facebook和照片分享應(yīng)用Instagram等網(wǎng)站可能“歪曲了現(xiàn)實世界）可知，作者提到了Twitter、

Facebook和Instagram的原因是因為這些網(wǎng)站上的信息可能不可靠。故選Do

10.推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章采用的論證結(jié)構(gòu)是總分總結(jié)構(gòu)，文章第一段提出論證的問題，即我

們幾乎可以在社交媒體網(wǎng)站上讀到所有的“真相”。但它們真的可靠嗎？（結(jié)果），接下來四個段落來解釋這

些真相是否可靠的原因，并在最后一段加以總結(jié)，由此可知，文章是通過分析因果關(guān)系展開的。故選D。

11.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的Thescientistswarnthatgatheringinformationaboutpublicviewsand

trendsfromthesesitesisunwise.（科學(xué)家們警告說，從這些網(wǎng)站收集有關(guān)公眾觀點和趨勢的信息是不明

智的。）第四段的Besides,it*spossiblethatnoteveryoneonyoursocialnetworksisreal.（此外，你的社交

網(wǎng)絡(luò)上可能不是每個人都是真實的。）以及最后一段的Iftheteamisright,youmighthavetothinkcarefully

thenexttimeyousay,wIt*strue,youknow;IreaditonWeibo.”（如果這個科學(xué)團隊的調(diào)查是正確的，那么

下次你說“這是真的，你知道;我是在微博上看到的。”時，你需要慎重思考）可知，作者對于網(wǎng)絡(luò)社交網(wǎng)

站上提供的信息多是“謹慎”的態(tài)度，故選D。

12.推理判斷題。通讀全文再結(jié)合第一段的Nowadays,wecanreadalmostall“truths”onsocialmediasites.

Butaretheyreallyreliable?（如今，我們幾乎可以在社交媒體網(wǎng)站上讀到所有的“真相”。但它們真的可靠

嗎?）以及文章最后一段的Iftheteamisright,youmighthavetothinkcarefullythenexttimeyousay,"It's

true,youknow;IreaditonWeibo."（如果這個科學(xué)團隊的調(diào)查是正確的，那么下次你說“這是真的，你知

道;我是在微博上看到的?！睍r，你需要慎重思考）內(nèi)容可知，這篇文章主要闡述了在社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)所接觸到的

信息，我們需要謹慎小心去鑒別其真?zhèn)?，所以作者寫這篇文章的主要目的是提醒讀者在使用社交媒體時要

注意的事情。故選B。

(18-19匕廈門?期中)ReeseWitherspoonwasbomonMarch22,1976inNewOrleans,Louisiana.Sheis

thesecondchildofthefamily.ReesespentthefirstfouryearsofherlifeinWiesbaden,Germany,whereherfather

JohnWitherspoonservedintheUSArmyReserves.Shortlyafter,JohnmovedthefamilybacktotheUnited

Sutes,settlinginNashville,Tennessee.

Reesewasintroducedtotheentertainmentindustryataveryearlyageatage7,shebeganmodeling.Thisled

toappearancesonseverallocaltelevisioncommercials.Atage11,shewasplacedfirstinaTen-StateTalentFair.

In1990,shelandedherfirstmajoractingroleinTheManintheMoon(l99l).Herroleasa14-yearold

tomboyearnedhergoodreviews.RolesinbiggerfilmssuchasJacktheBear(1993)andAFarOffPlace(1993)

followedshortlyafter.

Followinghighschoolgraduationin1994,Reesedecidedtohaveapauseinheractingcareerandattend

StanfordUniversitywhereshewouldmajorinEnglishliterature.However,herplanswereshortlystoppedwhen

sheacceptedrolestostarintwomajormotionpictures.Althoughneitherfilmwasahugebox-officesuccess,they

diehelptomakeReesearisingstarinHollywoodandopenthedoorforbiggerandbetterfilmroles.

HerbreakthroughrolecameasElleWoodsinthe2001comedyLegallyBlondeInboxofficeterms,the

moviewasagreatsuccessandmadeReeseoneofthetopfemalestarsinHolywood.Intheyear2014,she

producedbothGoneGirlandWild,forwhichshegotnominated(提名)forabestactressOscaragainforherrole.

Reeseisactivelyinvolvedinchildren'sandwomen,=sadvocacyorganizations.Sheisalongtimesupporter

ofSavetheChildren,anorganizationthathelpsprovidechildrenaroundtheworldwitheducation,healthcareand

emergencyaid.

13.WhydidReesestopherstudiesatStanfordUniversity?

A.Becauseshestarredintwosuccessfulfilms.

B.Becauseshecouldn'tbalancestudiesandacting.

C.Becauseshedidn'twanttogethighereducation.

D.BecauseshewasmorefamousinHollywood.

14.WhichfilmmadeReesemostfamous?

A.TheManintheMoon.B.JacktheBear

C.AFarOffPlace.D.LegallyBlonde.

15.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardReese?

A.Caring.B.Defensive.

C.Disappioving.D.Admiiiug.

16.Howdocsthepassagedevelop?

A.Following(heorderoftime.B.Usingfigures.

C.Givingexamples.D.Makingcomparison.

【答案】13.B14.D15.D16.A

【分析】本文是記敘文。主要講述了美國影視演員ReeseWitherspoon的一些事跡。

13.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Followinghighschoolgraduationin1994,Reesedecidedtohaveapausein

heractingcareerandattendStanfordUniversitywhereshewouldmajorinEnglishliterature.However,

herplanswereshortlystoppedwhensheacceptedrolestostarintwomajormotionpictures.(1994年，里斯

高中畢業(yè)后，她決定暫停自己的演藝事業(yè)，去斯坦福大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)英語文學(xué)。然而，當(dāng)她接受出演兩部主要電

影時，她的計劃很快就停止了。）”可知，因為要主演兩部電影，所以放棄了繼續(xù)求學(xué)，由此可知由于無

法兼顧就學(xué)和演藝事業(yè)，故而放棄了學(xué)業(yè)，故選B項。

14.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“HerbreakthroughrolecameasElleWoodsinthe2001comedyLegally

BlondeInboxofficeterms,themoviewasagreatsuccessandmadeReeseoneofthetopfemalestarsin

Holywood.（她在2001年的喜劇《律政俏佳人》中扮演了艾爾?伍茲，這一角色使她取得了突破性的成就。

這部電影取得了巨大的成功，使里斯成為了好萊塢最頂級的女明星之一。）''可知ReeseWitherspoon突破

性的角色就是律政俏佳人中的艾爾?伍茲，在票房方面，這部喜劇片贏得了巨大的成功，并使Reese

Witherspoon成為好萊塢最頂尖的女星之一。故選D項。

15.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，作者在介紹Reese的演藝事業(yè)發(fā)展時，采用的都是正面的描述，再

根據(jù)最后一段中“SheisalongtimesupporterofSavetheChildren,anorganizationthathelpsprovide

childrenaroundtheworldwitheducation,healthcareandemergencyaid.（她是拯救兒童組織的長期支持

者，該組織幫助為世界各地的兒童提供教育、保健和緊急援助）”，最后一段對Reese積極參加一些旨在幫

助兒童和婦女的公益組織的描述可知，作者對Reese持贊揚的態(tài)度。故選D項。

16.推理判斷題。文章開頭從Reese的出生說起，隨后描述了她的童年，成年后的作品以及參加的其他活

動，由此可以看出文章是按照時間順序來寫的。故選A項。

（22-23下?沈陽?期中）Air-conditioner'ssettingoftenformsthebasisofofficeargumentsbetweenwomen

andmenregardingtheticorrect^^temperaturefbrittobeset.Andil'sacommondebatebetweencouples—the

perfecttemperaluretokeepbothpartieswarmbutnothot.Researchdoesconsistentlyshowwomenprefera

higherindoortemperaturetomen.